4G

The Mobile Race To Evolution

Abstract of the Presentation

What is 4G ?
Need of 4G
Working of the 4G communication
system
Features of 4G (Advantages)
Limitations
Applications

IntroductionIn telecommunications, 4G is the fourth

generation of mobile phone communication
standards. It is a successor of the third
generation (3G) standards.
A 4G system provides mobile ultrabroadband Internet access, for example to
laptops with USB wireless modems, to
smartphones, and to other mobile devices.
Conceivable applications include amended
mobile web access, IP telephony, gaming
services, high-definition mobile TV, video
conferencing and 3D television.

The technology is currently available in some

countries but it is still being perfected
The aim is to achieve ultra broadband speed
to be counted in gigabytes per second

1st Generation or 1G1G was an analog system and was developed

in the 70s.

Need of
4G
First 1G mobile system
Advance
Mobile
Phone System (AMPS) was launched by the
US. It was based on FDMA that allowed users
to make voice calls in 1 country.

DrawbacksPoor voice quality

Poor battery life
Large phone size
No security

2nd Generation or 2G2G phones use Global System for Mobile

communications (GSM) and were first used in
the early 90s in Europe.
GSM provides voice and limited data services
and uses digital modulation for improved audio
quality.
2G cellular system includes GSM, Digital AMPS
(D-AMPS), Code-Division Multiple Access
(CDMA), and Personal Digital Communication
(PDC).
A new air interface called Enhanced Data GSM

Drawbacks The GSM is a connection oriented

technology where the end systems are
dedicated for the entire call session. This
causes inefficiency in usage of bandwidth
and resources.
The GSM-enabled systems do not support high
data rates.
They are unable to handle complex data such
as video.

3rd Generation or 3GThe first pre-commercial trial network with 3G

was launched by NTT DoCoMo in Tokyo
(Japan) in May 2001. NTT DoCoMo launched
the first commercial 3G network on 1st October
2001, using the WCDMA technology.
The idea behind 3G was to have a single
network standard instead of the different types
adopted in the US, Europe, and Asia.
Telecommunications System (UMTS) or IMT2000, sustained higher data rates and opened
the door to many Internet style applications.

3G technology adds multimedia facilities to 2G

phones by allowing video, audio, and graphics
applications. Over 3G phones, you can watch
streaming video or have video telephony
Drawbacks High bandwidth spectrum requirement
High licensing fees
Expensive

Mobile devices are getting smaller, lighter, and

more powerful; they have bigger screens and
longer battery life, more features and more
capabilities.
Bandwidth will always be the limiting factor in
the development of applications and devices,
be it wired or wireless.
The short fall of 3G networks is clear, its just
not fast enough; offering 384kbps doesnt meet
the requirements of what the end user has
come to expect these days. Some people see
3G as a stop-gap, until a fully integrated IP
network is created; some countries have even

The Evolution Of Mobile Networks

1G

2G

3G

Evolution of 4G in convergence-

Evolution of 4GITU designed 4G in 2002 with the official

name 3G Long-Term Evolutions or 3.9G
The first commercial deployment was by Telia
Sonera and NetCom
Telia Sonera branded the network 4G
The modem devices on offer were
manufactured by Samsung (dongle GT-B3710)
The network infrastructure were created by
Huawei (in Oslo) and Ericsson (in Stockholm)

Infrastructure of 4GSome possible standards for the 4G system are

LTE, 802.20, WiMAX (802.16), HSDPA, TDD
UMTS, UMTS and future versions of UMTS.
The design is that 4G is based on OFDM
(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing)
which is the key enabler of 4G technology.
Other technological aspects of 4G are adaptive
processing and smart antennas, both of which
are used in 3G networks and will enhance the
rates when used in with OFDM.

Working of 4G communication system

(Using OFDM)Orthogonal FDM's spread spectrum technique
spreads the data over a lot of carriers that are
spaced apart at precise frequencies. This spacing
provides the "orthogonality" in this method which
prevents the receivers/demodulators from seeing
frequencies other than their own specific one. The
main benefit of OFDM is high spectral
efficiency, high resiliency to RF interference
and the multi-path distortion is lower. This is
handy because in a standard terrestrial
broadcasting situation there are many multipath-

Binary
Serial to
Parallel
Converte
r
RF down
converte
r

A/D
Conve
rter

Input

Modul
ation

IFFT

Fibre
Link

Serial to
Parallel
Converte
r

Parallel
to Serial
Converte
r

Optical
Modulator

FFT

De
modul
ation

D/A
Conve
rter

RF up
converte
r

Parallel
to Serial
Converte
r

O
U
T
P
U

Features and Advantages of 4GIn 4G, the download speed is up to 100 Mbps
for moving users and 1 Gbps for stationary
users
It will allow users to download a full-length
movie within five minutes
Users will also be able to stream high-definition
television and radio to hand-held devices
4G is an adoption of packet switching instead
of circuit switching in voice and video calls.
With packet switching, resources are only used

Better Data transfer rates and signal quality

Support for interactive multimedia, voice,
streaming video, Internet, and other broadband
services
IP based mobile system
High speed, high capacity, and low cost per bit
Better scheduling and call admission control
techniques
Better spectral efficiency

Drawbacks of 4GBattery Life of 4G enabled cell phones is

shorter
Degradation of other broadband services

Countries having 4G Except for the Scandinavian countries, many

countries have started the 4G commercially
In the US, Sprint Nextel initiated the service
in 2009
Other countries having 4G- Brazil, France,
Saudi Arabia, UK, China, Japan
Newzeland will be launching this technology
in December, 2013

4G in India4G was launched at Pune, India commercially

by BHARTI AIRTEL (Partnered with
Qualcomm) on 10th April, 2012
It is available in Kolkata, Karnataka (Using LTE)
Qualcomm had bagged BWA spectrum, or 4G
licenses, for Delhi, Mumbai, Haryana and
Kerala.
Reliance Industries will be launching this
service by Diwali

A 4G mobile launched by HTC in

the US

An AIRTEL 4G Dongle

ApplicationsVirtual Presence: 4G system gives mobile

users a "virtual presence" (for example,
always-on connections to keep people on
event).
Virtual navigation: A remote database that
contains the graphical representation of
streets, buildings and physical characteristics
of a large mtropolitain is used. Blocks of this
database are transmitted in a rapid sequence
to a vehicle.
Tele-geoprocessing
Crisis-management applications

Putting Tomorrow in Todays

Technology-

Augmented Reality of 4GWith the 4G band, the application gives an

Augmented Reality while navigating. It presents
a visually clear picture of the place via your own
phone. Through this, you can even get its GPS
information.
Augmented Reality of 4G

On stream moving picturesNowadays, more and more handier

phones come with advance features and most of
them the developed better cameras are not only
meant to capture still pictures but also to record
videos. Well, it is not anymore surprising the next
time you hear about it, you will be amazed that
using 4G you cannot only upload the video right
after it has been recorded but everyone could
already be streaming it live.
With the previous technology, you should first
record the clip and save prior to uploading to your
favourite site but we are lucky since a service
provider has come up with a program where in
you can have live mobile videos directly seen

ConclusionThe 4G technology is nothing less than ground

breaking. The advancements that have been
made from 3G to 4G alone are mind blowing. With
the data processing speed being increased to at
least 100 Mbit/sec the possibilities are limitless in
the wireless communication world. The 4G
technology has a great present and future scope
and worth. It makes the average person really
think about what is possible with wireless
communication? If there ever is a 5G network,
how powerful will it be and what will it possibly be
able to do that the 4G doesnt already do?

References
- www.google.com

www.images.google.com

www.wikipidea.com

www.m-indya.com

www.bbcnews.com

www.blog.satguide.in

www.blogote.com0

www.themobileindian.com

THANK
YOU

4 G
THE MOBILE RACE TO EVOLUTION

PRESENTED
ByAbdullah Saghir Ahmad

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