Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
- IS
Z Hussain
People
Organisation
IS
Organisation
Technology
LOCAL,
REGIONAL, AND
GLOBAL SYSTEMS
Agency and other coordination costs
increase as the firm moves from local
option systems toward regional and
global systems. However, transaction
costs of participating in global
markets probably decrease as firms
develop global systems. A sensible
strategy is to reduce agency costs by
developing only a few core global
systems that are vital for global
operations, leaving other systems in
the hands of regional and local units.
Figure 1.3
Raw data from a supermarket checkout counter can be processed and organized to produce meaningful
information, such as the total unit sales of dish detergent or the total sales revenue from dish detergent for a
specific store or sales territory.
Figure 1.2
In contemporary systems there is a growing interdependence between a firms information systems and its
business capabilities. Changes in strategy, rules, and business processes increasingly require changes in
hardware, software, databases, and telecommunications. Often, what the organization would like to do depends
on what its systems will permit it to do.
10
FIGURE 9-1
11
IT Infrastructure
CONNECTION BETWEEN THE FIRM, IT INFRASTRUCTURE, AND BUSINESS CAPABILITIES
FIGURE 5-1
The services a firm is capable of providing to its customers, suppliers, and employees are a direct function of its IT
infrastructure. Ideally, this infrastructure should support the firms business and information systems strategy. New information
technologies have a powerful impact on business and IT strategies, as well as the services that can be provided to customers.
14
IT Infrastructure
THE IT
INFRASTRUCTU
RE ECOSYSTEM
There are seven major
components that must be
coordinated to provide the firm
with a coherent IT
infrastructure. Listed here are
major technologies and
suppliers for each component.
15
Virtual product
Digital
Product
Virtual process
Digital process
Physical process
Physical
Product
Traditional
commerce
The core of
electronic commerce
Physical
agent
Digital
agent
People:
Buyers, sellers,
intermediaries,
services, IS people,
and management
Public
policy,
legal, and
privacy
issues
Technical standards
for documents,
security, and
network protocols
payment
Organizations:
Partners,
competitors,
associations,
government services
Infrastructure
(1)
Common business
services infrastructure
(security smart
cards/authentication
electronic payment,
directories/catalogs)
(2)
Messaging and
information distribution
infrastructure
(EDI, e-mail, Hyper Text
Transfer Protocol)
(3)
(4)
Multimedia content
Network infrastructure
and network
(Telecom, cable TV
publishing infrastructure
wireless, Internet)
(HTML, JAVA, World
(VAN, WAN, LAN,
Wide Web, VRML)
Intranet, Extranet)
Management
(5)
Interfacing
infrastructure
(The databases,
customers, and
applications)