Objectives

1.Shape of the polymer structure

2.polymer structure In solution
3.Size of the polymer

Why shirt to be iron

Polymer is in random coil structure

Other types of polymer structure

Classification by Chain structure (molecular

architecture)

Linear chains :a polymer consisting of a single continuous chain

of repeat units
Branched chains :a polymer that includes side chains of repeat
units connecting onto the main chain of repeat units
Hyper branched polymer consist of a constitutional repeating
unit including a branching groups
Cross linked polymer :a polymer that includes interconnections
between chains
Net work polymer :a cross linked polymer that includes
numerous interconnections between chains

Linear

Branched

Cross-linked

Direction of increasing strength

Network

OUTCOME
Shape of polymer
Understand the polymer shape
coil structure
And other types
Random coil
Folded chain
Helix
Random coil
Spaghetti structure
Fringed micelle

Activity
Sugar/salt in water
PVA 1gm in 50 ml water

Observation
Question
Why PVA does not dissolve immediately
in water like sugar?

Polymer swell in solvent because of coil

structure
Solvent diffuse into the polymer
molecule.

Application of concentration of
polymer solution

Use of different type of structure

OUTCOMES
1.Will be able to mention the shape of
polymer structure in solution
2. Will be able explain the mechanism of
polymer dissolution in solvent
Polymer will first swell in solvent and then
dissolve
Polymer shape in various concentration
solution
- Interactions -polymer molecules in solution
depend strongly on concentration
- In a dilute solution, the molecules are well
separated on average -> no interactions

Activity
Measure the length of long chain
Measure the length of polymer chain
(use thread)

For linear polymer

The square root of the mean-square endto-end distance of a linear polymer
chain averaged over all conformations
of the chain. For a freely jointed chain
consisting of N segments each of length
L, it is given by:
The subscript zero is used to indicate
unperturbed dimensions

For branched polymer

radius of gyration (average
distance of a chain segment from the
centre of mass of the coil):

Theta or Flory solvents

When the polymer as unperturbed
dimensions. has no interaction with the
solvent molecules, it acquires what are
known the solvents in which the are
callpolymer coil acquires unperturbed
dimensions ed theta or Flory solvents
Theta or Flory temperature
The temperature at which the polymer
molecules are just held in solution or are held
at the threshold of precipitation is called
theta temperature/Flory temperature

OUTCOMES
1. Will be able to find the size of the polymer
For linear polymer
rms end-to-end distance (average separation
between chain ends):
For branched polymer
radius of gyration (average distance of a chain
segment from the centre of mass of the coil)
2. Will be able to define the Theta solvent and
Theta temperature

Solution Properties of Polymers

I. Introduction
II. Solubility Parameter (Cohesive Energy Density)
Polymer solvent interaction parameter
III. Thermodynamics of Polymer Solutions
A. Ideal Solution
B. Liquid Lattice Theory (Flory-Huggins Theory)
1. Entropy of Mixing
2. Heat and Free Energy of Mixing
IV. Binary phase diagram predicted by Flory-Huggins theory,
1. LSCT
2 USCT
V. demixing processes
Nucleation and growth
Spinodal decomposition
VI. Conformations of Polymer Chains on Solution
A. End-to-End Dimensions
B. The Freely Jointed Chain