Obat anti virus

Mechanism of action
Antiviralmonophosphatediphosphate
triphosphate(active form)
Triphosphate incorporated into viral
DNA chain termination stop DNA
synthesis
TP form competitive inhibitor of reverse
transcriptase/ DNA polymerase

Anti herpesvirus

Acyclovir
Famciclovir
Valaciclovir
Ganciclovir
Idoxuridine,trifluridine
Foscarnet,sidofovir,brivudine,fomivirxene

Anti herpes agents

Acyclovir, valacyclovir
Ind: HSV-1& HSV-2 incl labial,genital,
neonatal, encephalitis, keratitis, and VZV
SP : pregnancy,lactation,renal function
AR : GI disturb, skin rash, headache,
neurological effect
Dosage

Famciclovir
Acute herpes zoster and acute genital
herpes infections(HSV-1&2)
CI: pregnancy, lactation
SP: impaired renal function
AR: nausea, headache
Dose: 3x250 mg for 7 days

Ganciclovir
Ind: life/sight-threatening CMV infection in
immunocompromised patient(AIDS)
Prevention of CMV inf in patient with
organ transplant
CI: pregnancy, lactation, severe
neutropenia
AR: fever, rash, leucopenia,anemia,
thrombositopenia

 Dose: 5 mg/kg infused 12 hrly 14 days

maintenance: orally 3 gr/day(3x4
caps)

Brivudine
Ind: HSV-1& VZV infection
Inhibiting competitively viral DNA
polimerase & alternative substract.
Mechanism action specific
phosphorylation by timidine kinase HSV-1
and VZV
Dose: 125mg/day(1x) herpes zoster
keratitis&labialis herpetictopical

Sidofovir
Inhibiting viral DNA synthesis by stopping
chain elongation
Active form: sidofovir diphosphate
competitive inhibitor & alternative
substract of viral DNA polymerase
Ind: CMV retinitis in AIDS patients,
acyclovir-resistant HSV, CIN-III,
papillomatosis lesion, moluscum contag.

 Dose: -IV 5mg/kgBW/ week (2x)

5mg/BW/ 2 week
-Topical: cream, gel 1%

Antiretrovirus
NRTI(nucleoside RT inhibitor)
NNRTI(non nucleoside RT inhibitor)
NtRTI(nucleotide RT inhibitor)

Antiretrovirus

Zidovudine
Zalcitabine
Stavudine
Didanosine
Abacavir
Nevirapine, delavirdine, efavirenz
Ritonavir, nelfinavir, saquinavir,
amprenavir,lopinavir,indinavir,

zidovudine
Ind: asymptomatic and symptomatic HIV
inf, advanced inf w/ AIDS or AIDS
related complex, CD4< 200/mm3
CI : neutrophil< 750/mm3 or Hb < 7,5 g%
AR: anemia, netropenia,etc
D : Start with 200 mg/ 4 hrly

Didanosine
Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase
Inhibitor(NRTI)
Ind: advanced HIV inf (prolonged prior
ZDV therapy)
Resistance: mutation on reverse transcript
AR: diarrhea,pancreatitis, neuropathy
Dose: 400mg daily, single or in divided
doses

Stavudine

Ind : HIV infected patient

AR : headace, neuropathy,SGOT/SGOT
SP: pregnancy, laktation, elderly, renal
Dose: adult > 60 kg 40 mg, < 60 kg 30
mg,
taken 2 times daily
child(< 30 kg) : 2 mg/kg/day

Nevirapine
Ind : HIV-1 inf in combination w/ other
anti retroviral agents, prevention motherto-child HIV transmission in pregnant
women
Dose : prevention 200mg during labour,
neonate: 2 mg/kg within 72 hr
after birth
200 mg14 days, then 2x200 mg
AR: GI effect, skin rash, fatigue

Other antiviral agents

Lamivudine
Telbivudine
Adefovir
Tenofovir
Interferon/pegylated interferon.
ribavirin
Zanamivir,oseltamivir
Amantadine,rimantadine

lamivudine

Indication: HIV and HBV

Inhibit RT & DNA polimerase activity
SP: liver,renal dis,pregnancy, lactation
AR: headache, GI disturb
Tab 150 mg(3TC) & 100 mg( 3TC-HBV)
Used in combination w/ zidovudine(HIV),
dose: 2x150 mg(adult) ,child: 4 mg/kgbw

Ribavirin

Ind : RSV(pneumonia), chronic hep C

Inhibits replication of DNA&RNA virus
AR : hemolysis,anemia,rigor
Dose: - RSVaerosol(nebulizer)
20 mg/ml
1,4 mg/kgbw/hour,12-18 hr/day
for 3-7 days
- HEP viral : < 75 kg: 1000 mg/day
> 75 kg: 1200mg/day

Interferon/peginterferon
Ind : chronic hep B and C
Inhibiting RNA transcript, protein synthesis, and
assembly of the virus
AR : fever, headache, fatigue, GI disturb,
alopecia
D : peginterf alfa 2a: 180mcg/wk---- 6-12
mth( + ribavirin for hep C)
peginterf alfa 2b: 1-1,5mcg/kg/wk
6-12 mth(+ ribavirin for hep C)

Anthelmintic drugs

Piperazine
Pyrantel pamoate
Mebendazole
Albendazole
Tiabendazole
Praziquantel
Diethylcarbamazine

piperazin
Ind: ascariasis & E. vermicularis
Memblokade respon otot cacing thd
asetillolin paralisis
Absorpsi sal cerna baik
ES: ggn sal cerna,alergi, skt kepala,
pusing me kejang pd epilepsi
KI: epilepsi, ggn hati&ginjal

pirantel pamoat

Ind: ascaris, ankilostomiasis, enterobiasis

MK: me frekwensi impuls otot cacing
Kombinasi dng oksantel pamoat
Absorpsi sal cerna tidak baik
ES: sal cerna,demam, skt kepala,ggn hati
SGPT/SGOT

mebendazol
Spektrum antelmintik plg luas
MK: -hambat glucosa uptake pd cacing
- hambat sekresi kolinesterase
- sterilisasi telur cacing
Absorpsi oral buruk
ES: ringan(diare, skt perut)
Dosis: 2x100 mg selama 3 hr/ 500 mg SD

Albendazol
MK: blokade ambilan glukosa cacing
Ind: kremi, gelang, trikuris, tambang, dan
S. stercoralis
Pilihan u/ peny hidatid & sistiserkosis
Dosis: SD 400 mg inf berat: 2-3 hr
Peny hidatid: 800mg/hr 30 hr, diulang
2-3x interval 2 mg
Sistiserkosis: 15mg/kgbb/hr 1 bln

Dietilkarbamazin
Drug of choice u/ filariasis
MK: - me aktivitas otot paralisis
- membranolitik efek
Absorpsi oral baik
ES: pusing, malaise, nyeri sendi, alergi
matinya parasit/substansi parasit
Dosis: 6 mg/kgbb/hr 2 mg

Prazikuantel
Efektif pd cestoda dan trematoda
MK: vakuolisasi dan vesikulasi tegumen
cacing isi cacing keluar hancur oleh
mek pertahanan tbh hospes
Absorpsi oral baik
ES: skt kepala, pusing, sedasi, fatigue
Schistosomiasis: 30-40mg/kgbb SD
Taeniasis: 10 mg/kgbb, dosis tunggal

Indication
Mechanism of action
Presentation/packing
Dose