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Measure
The Mean
To find the mean, you
need to add up all the
data, and then divide
this total by the number
of values in the data.
Set A
2, 2, 3, 5, 5, 7, 8
Set B
2, 3, 3, 4, 6, 7
Measure
The Median
To find the median, you
need to put the values
in order, then find the
middle value. If there are
two values in the middle
then you find the mean
of these two values.
Set A
2, 2, 3, 5, 5, 7, 8
The numbers in order:
2 , 2 , 3 , (5) , 5 , 7 , 8
The middle value is
marked in
brackets, and it is 5.
So the median is 5
Set B
2, 3, 3, 4, 6, 7
The numbers in order:
2 , 3 , (3 , 4) , 6 , 7
This time there are two
values in
the middle. They have been
put
in brackets. The median is
found
by calculating the mean of
these
two values: (3 + 4) 2 =
3.5
So the median is 3.5
Measure
The Mode
The mode is the value
which appears the most
often in the data. It is
possible to have more
than one mode if there
is more than one value
which appears the most.
Set A
2, 2, 3, 5, 5, 7, 8
Set B
2, 3, 3, 4, 6, 7
So the mode is 3
Measure
The Range
To find the range, you
first need to find the
lowest and highest
values
in the data. The range is
found by subtracting the
lowest value from the
highest value.
Set A
2, 2, 3, 5, 5, 7, 8
Set B
2, 3, 3, 4, 6, 7
So the range is 6
So the range is 5
Example
A dice was rolled 20 times. On each roll the dice shows a value from 1
to 6.
The results have been recorded in the table below:
Number of
times each
Value
Frequency
value occurred
1
3
Frequen
cy
Value x
F
13=3
25=
10
32=6
4x4=
16
5x3=
15
6x3=
18
Total
20
68
To get the
mean: 68
divide by 20 =
3.4
Value
Frequen
cy
Value x
F
13=3
25=
10
32=6
4x4=
16
5x3=
15
6x3=
18
20
68
6
There are 20
Total
values.. Middle
value = 10 +
11
Median = 3 + 4 =
3.5
_____
2
Frequency
The mode is 2
because it has
the highest
frequency
Practice
Encik Jeeva gave a test to a group of
students. The table below shows the
number of scores obtained by the
students (30 students).
40 35 44 65 68 90 87 92 20
44 67 54
41 54 34 67 71 45 69 56 45
67 34 34
42 56 78 79 50 40
value
frequency
V x F
20
20
34
102
35
35
40
80
41
41
42
42
44
88
45
90
50
50
54
108
56
112
65
65
67
201
68
68
69
69
71
71
78
78
79
79
87
87
90
90
92
92
Total
30
1668
Mean = 1668
______
30
= 15 and 16
= 54
Standard Deviation
s
Xi
Each value
Mean
How to calculate
1. Find the average of the data set (x-)
2. Take each value in the data set (x) and
subtract the mean from it to get (xi x-)
3. Square each of the differences (xi x-)2
4. Add up all the results from step 3 to get
the sum of squares (xi x-)2
5. Divide the sum of squares by the
numbers in the data set minus one (n-1)
6. Take the square root to get
example
Quiz scores: 1 3 5
Mean = 16 /4 = 4
Substract
squaring
1-4
-3
3-4
-1
5-4
7-4
20
n =4
n-1 = 3