Electro surgical unit

PURPOSE
ESU are used for surgical cutting and for controlling
bleeding by causing coagulation hemostasis at the
surgical site.
It is high frequency diathermy involves the
transference of electrical energy into heat which ,when
impact to the bodily tissues, will heat the normal cell
fluid, eventually through it is boiling point.
What dose DIATHERMY mean?
DIA = through
THERMO = temperature heat

 Principle
ESU machine is an alternating current source that
operates at radio frequency RF.
A high frequency current flowing through active electrode
high current concentration.
Cell ruptured-fumes or evaporates.
Return path through dispersive electrode low current and
heat dissipates.
Patient is included in circuit.
Current concentration or density depends on the size of
the area through which the current flows.
HF generation can be activated by a foot switch or finger
switch on the surgical handle.

System
Components

Electrosurgery
Unit

Dispersive Electrode

Active Electrode

Active
electrode

RF
Generator

Body

Patient
electrode

..\ESU Principle.ppt

 Effect of RF on cell

When a high frequency current applied to

the tissues the tissues gets turn apart and
get the following effect:
1. Thermal effect.
2. Electrolytic effect.
3. Faradic effect.

 Operating frequency and typical

value
Operating frequency of solid state surgical
diathermy machine is 300 KHz to-3MHz
Monopolar :CUT 0-to-350watts for load 5
COAG0-to-100 watts
Bipolar : CUT 0-to-50 watts
COAG 0-to-10 watts

 Types of ESU
Spark gap generator 1924
Still in use today urology , open- heart surgery.
Spark gap / vacuum-tube device use spark gap
circuits to generate high frequency waveforms.
It is not offer the same safety feature as solid
state unites.

 Recent technology
Argon/argon enhanced technology.
It uses a computer-controlled tissue feedback system
that senses tissue impedance and automatically
adjusts the current and output voltage to maintain a
constant surgical effect .
It is reduces the need to adjust power setting for
different types of tissue.
It is also gives improved performance at low power
setting to reduce the risk of patient injury.

 Solid state device - 1968

It is more recent and more prevalently used

technology.
Contain oscillator circuits and transistor-based
amplifier that vary the frequency and modify the
shape of the line signal to create an array of
different waveforms for pure CUT,COAG,
BLEEND .
Highly safety.

OK!, but how can I

control so accurately the
temperatures in the
tissues ?

 Modes of Electro surgery

Monopolar surgery

Bipolar surgery

 Modes

of electrosurgery

Electrotomy/cutting
desiccation / coagulation
Blend
fulgurations

General Block Diagram

Audio tone
generator
Front panel

Main
CPU

LED display

Foot
switch

/Logic
Control
Board
Rely
board

Power
supply
Isolation
transformer

Power O/P or
RF board
Patient return
electrode

RF output