BDA 10102

COMPUTER AIDED
DESIGN

CREATE 2D BASIC
DRAWING
Lecturers name:
1. Norwahdah binti Rahmat
2. Ashari bin Kasmin
3. Abd Khalil bin Abd Rahim
4. Helmy bin Mustafa El Bakri

Objectives
After completing this chapter, you will be able to:
Identify the default coordinate system and use dynamic
input, direct distance, and shortcut menus.
Use the Line, Circle, Arc, Erase, Rectangle, and Polygon
commands to create and erase geometry in the drawing.
Use object snaps to accurately place and create objects in
the drawing.
Activate and use the Polar Tracking and PolarSnap modes to
more accurately create geometry at different angles in the
drawing.
Explain, enable, and use object snap tracking to position
geometry in the drawing.
Use the Unit command to set up the drawing environment.
Use the concepts and tools that you learned in Chapter 2 to
begin a small architectural floor plan.

Inputting Data
Every drawing action requires some form of data
input. Regardless of the types of geometry you
create, you are constantly inputting data in one form
or another.
The
following
image
illustrates how to use the
Dynamic Input interface to
draw a 10mm line at 30
degrees.

Command Line Options

Command options appear on the command line.
The capitalized letter(s) represents the letter(s)
you enter to use that option. You are not required
to enter the letter(s) as a capital letter.
Options for the command appear within [...]
brackets. If there is a default option for the
command, it appears within <...> brackets. To
use the default option, press ENTER.

Dynamic Input
The Dynamic Input interface is a way of
entering data dynamically. Rather than
entering data on the command line, which is
generally positioned at the bottom of the
screen, you can use the Dynamic Input
interface for heads-up design, entering
command information on screen at the cursor
1. Tooltip
location.

2. Coordinate, Length,
or Angle input fields
3. Down Arrow.
4. Dynamic Input
Menu

Coordinate System
Every object you draw is placed in either the world
coordinate system (WCS) or a user coordinate
system (UCS). When you create 2D geometry, data
input is ultimately passed to the software in the
form

of

Cartesian

(x,y)

or

polar

coordinates

(distance, angle). You can either manually enter

these coordinates or infer them by picking a point
in the drawing window.

Cartesian Coordinate
Systems
The following image illustrates a line drawn
from the origin of the coordinate system 0,0
with its endpoint at the coordinate 4,6.
To specify a Cartesian
coordinate, type the X and Y
coordinates
and
press
ENTER. Example: 4,6 where
X is equal to the distance
from the origin along the X
axis and Y is equal to the
distance from the origin
along the Y axis.

Polar Coordinate Systems

A polar coordinate is a point in the coordinate
system that is determined by a distance and an
angle.
The following illustration shows a line drawn from
the origin of the coordinate system with a length of
7 units and an angle of 45 degrees.
To
specify
a
polar
coordinate,
type
the
distance < angle, example
5<45,
where
Distance
equals
the
distance
travelled from the specified
origin point and Angle
equals the angle from the X

Polar Angle
The default polar angle is measured counter
clockwise from the zero angle position. The default
zero angle is in the East compass direction.

Example of Cartesian or Polar

Coordinate Input
The following lines could have been drawn
using Cartesian or Polar coordinates. Assuming
the start point at the red arrow, the command
line input for relative Cartesian or Polar
coordinates would be as follows:
Point 2: @4,0 or @4<0
Point 3: @0,2 or @2<90
Point 4: @-1,0 or @1<180

Creating Basic Objects

All drawings consist of basic objects that you
create using basic commands. In this lesson,
you learn how to create objects such as lines,
circles, arcs, rectangles, and polygons. You also
learn how to use the Erase command to erase
objects.

Line Command
The following illustration shows a line segment
being drawn using the dynamic input interface
to specify the length (1) and angle (2) of the
segment.

Line
options
can
be
selected from the shortcut
menu or typed at the
Command line (L).

Circle Command
In the following image, the circle centre point is
selected and you are prompted to specify a
radius.

Circle
options
can
be
selected from the shortcut
menu or typed at the
Command line (C).

Arc Command
The following illustration represents an arc
being created through three points.

Arc options can be selected

from the shortcut menu or
typed at the Command line
(Arc).

Rectangle Command
This illustration shows a rectangle with the
point used to create it specified.

Polygon Command
Use the Polygon command to create regular
polygon geometry by specifying the center
point and radius of an imaginary circle, or the
start point and endpoint of one of the polygon
edges.

Object Snap
Every object you create has various selectable
points that you can use to position other objects.
Every time you create an object you are required to
specify a point or location. It is critical that these
points be defined accurately if you expect your
drawing to be accurate. The following are the object
snap modes available in AutoCAD.
ENDpoint
EXTension
MIDpoint
PERpendicular
INTersection
PARallel
APParent
INSert
NODe
Intersection
CENter
NEAest
QUAdrant
From
TANgent

Endpoint
The ENDpoint Object Snap
mode snaps to the closest
endpoint of a line or an arc.
To use this Object Snap
mode, select the Endpoint
button, and move the cursor
(crosshairs) anywhere close
to the endpoint of the object.
The marker will be displayed ENDpoint Object Snap
at the endpoint; click to mode
specify that point. For figure,
invoke the LINE command
from the
TheEndpoint button from
Specify
firstDraw
point:toolbar.
Select the
following
is toolbar.
the
prompt
the
Object Snap
sequence:
_endp of Move the crosshair and select the arc.
Specify next point or [Undo]: Select the endpoint


Midpoint
The MIDpoint

Object Snap mode snaps

to the midpoint of a line or an arc. To
use this Object Snap mode, select
Midpoint osnap and select the object
anywhere. AutoCAD will grab the
midpoint of the object. For figure,
invoke the LINE command from the
Specify
first The
point:
Selectis the
Draw toolbar.
following
the
prompt
sequence.
starting
point of the line.

Specify next point or [Undo]:

Choose the Snap to Midpoint
button from the Object Snap
toolbar.
_mid of Move the cursor and
select the original line.

MIDpoint Object Snap mode

 Center
The CENter Object Snap mode allows you to snap to the
center point of an ellipse, circle, or arc. For figure, invoke the
LINE command from the Draw toolbar. The following is the
prompt sequence:
Specify first point: Choose the Snap to Center button from the
Object Snap toolbar.
CENter Object Snap mode

_cen of Move the cursor and select the circle.

Specify next point or [Undo]: Select the endpoint of the line.

Tangent
For figure, invoke the LINE command from the Draw toolbar.
The following is the prompt sequence:
Specify first point: Select the starting point of the line.
Specify next point or [Undo]: Choose the Snap to
Tangent button from the Object Snap toolbar.
_tan to Move the cursor and select the circle.
Specify next point or [Undo]: Select the endpoint of the
line (tangent of the circle).

TANgent Object Snap mode

 Quadrant
The QUAdrant Object Snap mode is used when you need
to snap to a quadrant point of an ellipse, arc, or circle. A
circle has four quadrants, and each quadrant subtends an
angle of 90-degree. If the circle is inserted as a block, that
is rotated, the quadrant points are also rotated by the
same amount, see figures.
To use this object snap, position the cursor on the circle or
arc closest to the desired quadrant, see figure.

QUAdrant object snap mode

Location of circle quadrants

Quadrants in a rotated
circle

Intersection
The INTersection Object Snap mode is used to snap to a point where two or more
lines, circles, ellipses, or arcs intersect. For figure, invoke the LINE command. The
prompt sequence is given next.
Specify first point: Choose the Snap to Intersection button from the Object Snap toolbar.
_ int of Position the cursor near the intersection and select it.
Specify next point or [Undo]: Select the endpoint of the line.

After selecting the Intersection

object snap, if your cursor is close to
an object and not close to an actual
intersection, the intersection marker
displays ellipses [...] with it. This
indicates an extended intersection.
This mode selects extended or
visual intersections of lines, arcs,
circles, or ellipses (figure).
Extended

Intersection
Object Snap mode

INTersection
Snap mode

Object

 Perpendicular
The PERpendicular Object Snap mode is used to draw a
line perpendicular to or from another line, or normal to or
from an arc or circle, or to an ellipse. The prompt
sequence to draw a line perpendicular to a given line
(figure) is given next.
Specify first point: Select the starting point of the line.
Specify next point or [Undo]: Choose the Snap to Perpendicular
button from the Object Snap toolbar.

PERpendicular Object Snap

mode

_per to Select the line on which you want to draw perpendicular.

The prompt sequence for drawing a line perpendicular

from a given line (figure) is given next.
Specify first point: Choose the Snap to Perpendicular button
from the Object Snap toolbar.
_per to
Select the line on which you want to draw
perpendicular.
Specify next point or [Undo]: Select the endpoint of the line.

Selecting the perpendicular

snap first

 Nearest
The NEArest Object Snap mode selects a point on
an object (line, arc, circle, or ellipse) that is visually
closest to the graphics cursor (crosshairs). To use
this mode, enter the command, and then choose
the Nearest object snap. Move the crosshairs near
the intended point on the object so as to display
the marker at the desired point and then select the
object. For figure, invoke the LINE command from
the Draw toolbar. The following is the prompt
sequence:
Specify first point: Choose the Snap to Nearest button
from the Object Snap toolbar.
_nea to Select a point near an existing object.
Specify next point or [Undo]: Select endpoint of the line.

NEArest Object Snap mode

About Units & Setting

Units represent the baseline of all the geometry that
you create in your drawing. It is up to you to
determine what unit of measurement will be used in
your drawing.

END
OF
LESSON 2