CHAPTER 2

Introduction to Mechanical
Engineering Design
MEC 400
INTRODUCTION TO ENGINEERING
AND PROBLEM SOLVING

What is Engineering Design?

A creative and comprehensive process
Integrates mathematics, basic sciences, engineering sciences, engineering
economics and other subjects for the creation of components, systems,
products and processes to satisfy specific needs and constraints.
i.e. constraints include economic, safety, health, environmental and social
factors, the requirements of standards and legislation, and other
considerations such as maintainability, serviceability, and manufacturability.

Phases of design process:

1. Phase I
= Conceptual Design
2. Phase II
= Embodiment Design
3. Phase III = Detail Design
4. Phase IV = Planning for Manufacture
5. Phase V
= Planning for Distribution
6. Phase VI = Planning for Use
7. Phase VII = Planning for Retirement of product

1. Phase I - Conceptual Design

Step 1
Identify
Problems

Step 2
Gather
Information

Step 3
Generating
concept

Step 4
Concept
Evaluation

Prob. Statement
Benchmarking
QFD
PDS

References
Electronic Media
Internet

Brainstorming
Functional Pchart

Pugh concept
Decision Matrix
Taguchi Method

2. Phase II - Embodiment Design

Step 1
Product
architecture
Arrangement of
physical
elements
Modularity

Step 2

Configuration
design
Preliminary
selection of
materials and
manufacturing
processes
Modeling
Sizing of parts

3. Phase iii Detail Design

Step 3
Parametric
design
Robust design
Set
tolerances,DFM,
DFA,DFE
Tolerances
Step 1
Product
architecture
Engineering
drawings
Finalize PDS

Problem Definition
Most important steps in the engineering design process.
1. Identifying customer needs:
a. Interview customers
b. Focus group
c. Customer survey
d. Customer complaints
Benchmarking method for measuring company operation against the
best company inside and outside of the industries

Select the product, process, or functional area that is to be

benchmark.

Identify the performance metrics that will be measured and used for
comparison.

Compare the best in class product or process with the in house

equivalent using the performance metrics

Specified program and actions to meet an exceed the competition.

QFD Quality Function Deployment

A planning and problem solving tool that is finding growing acceptance
for translating customer requirements into engineering characteristics
of a product.
A largely graphical method that systematically looks at all the elements
that go into the product definition.
Helps organizations seek out both spoken and unspoken needs.
QFD links the needs of the customer (end user) with design,
development, engineering, manufacturing, and service functions.
Also known as House of Quality

House of quality

PDS Product Design Specification

A statement of what a product to be designed is intended to do.

Its aim is to ensure the development of a product meets the need of the
users.
The PDS is a specification of what is required but not the specification of
the product itself.

Gather Information

Information from Internet

Engineering URLs
Patent Literature

Intellectual Property

Patents
Handbook

Concept Generation

Brainstorming
Functional decomposition
Morphological chart

Kerusi Kereta

Ubahsuai
Tempat
duduk

Pergerakan ke
depan &
belakang
Bentuk
Titik ubahsuai

Ubahsuai
Penyandar

Ubahsuai
Penyandar
Kepala

Keselamatan
Pengguna

Pergerakan
bersudut
Bentuk
Titik ubahsuai

Pergerakan ke
atas dan bawah
Bentuk
Titik ubahsuai

Jenis
Titik ubahsuai

Rajah 3.3: Penguraian Fungsi Pokok

Memuatkan
System
Pengesan Sel
Beban
Bentuk
Pergerakan

Morphological chart
Chart arranges a functions and sub-functions in a logical order
Each sub-function list the possible how
Purpose to uncover combinations of ideas that comprise design concepts
that might not ordinarily be generated

Evaluation of concepts

1. Comparison Based on Absolute Criteria

2. Pughs Concept Selection Method
3. Weighted Decision MatrixKriteria
Konsep 1

Pughs Concept
Selection Method

Konsep 2

Konsep 3

Kerusi
Standard

Tempat duduk:
Mekanisme yang mempunyai
banyak pilihan titik rehat dan
pergerakan yang lancar

Penyandar :
Keselesaan,
diubah-suai

untuk

Penyandar kepala:
Pergerakan yang mudah dan
tidak memenuhi ruang

Keselamatan pengguna:
Ringkas dan selamat

Lokasi pengesan:
Pergerakan yang mudah dan
kestabilan pengesan terjamin

+
S

mudah