HBO

Presentation By : Rahul Dave

Rajendra Avdhani
Santosh Yadav

Change
Stress

Personality

What is Behavior Change?

Profoundly moral:Our behavior is shaped by value judgments, deeply held
beliefs, and assertions about right and wrong;
Profoundly social:We are influenced by the behavior of those around us
through shared stories, common expectations, and the need for cooperation
(and competition);
Deeply emotional:Contrary to past assumptions, we reasonwithour
emotions. Just imagine trying to ask someone out on a date without those
important emotional cues about alertness, enthusiasm, and appeal;
Rational in context:Decisions are made via context-based logic determined
by how we understand the situations we find ourselves in;
Informed by the interplay of body, brain, and environment:All of these
factors arise at the junction of bodily experience in the world where we
interpret, plan, and act.

Factors Affecting Change

Situation- The current situation the person is in. e.g being in a prison vs being at an office, a pool party or walking past a house on fire. Special
mention should be given to 'normal' social situations and crisis situations.

Environment- Beyond just the situation, this is what resources someone has access to, e.g if you can already hear the fire fighters sirens, if it is
dark and the guards aren't looking, or if there are nice windows with trees to look out at when stressed.

Habits- Habits are usually those things which you do without really thinking about anymore.BJ Fogg lists this as the Blue Path, doing a familiar
behavior from now on. An example might be brushing your teeth before you go to bed. At some point you had to learn the habit, but now you do
the behavior almost instinctively.

History- How/Have you been trained to deal with the situation? Have you been in a similar situation, what did you do and did it work?

Perspective- What is your Time Perspective (past positive/negative, present hedonistic, deterministic, future oriented, afterlife). What is your
religious and moral beliefs. Do you align yourself to an emo, punk, hippy, military or some other stereotype? This is very similar to the cultural
expectations, but regarding the specific sub-group to the general culture.

Culture- What the general expectations are for a person in that situation and environment. If your sub-group hasn't specified what it's stance is,
then what is generally considered morally justified? Stopping CPR on the random homeless guy on the street after 4mins might be seen as fine,
whilst stopping CPR after 20mins on a child who's drowned in a pool might cause outrage.

Emotions- Was the person happy or sad at the time?

Hormones- If you are a teenage male you are likely to have a surge in testosterone which will amplify the likelihood of aggression (assuming the
situation is one that involves violence or aggression). This can be thought of as shortening the 'fuse' so to speak. Pregnant women can be
particularly susceptible to stress and may become even more irritable due to lack of food than normal... Drugs can also have a similar although
usually more profound but short lived effect.

Pre-natal- Humans are far more susceptible to conditioning during birth than most people realize. When your mother was pregnant with you, if
she was heavily stressed then it can have negative consequences. If she was obese then you are more likely to be obese. A child after birth also
needs the right amount of care and attention. They need to be held and touched and talked to.

Genetics- There is barely a 0.5% difference in genetic material between humans and we are only 4-6% genetically different from apes. Our DNA

Why should people resist change?

Fearof the unknown:- One of the most common reasons for resistance is fear of the unknown. People will
only take active steps toward the unknown if they genuinely believe and perhaps more importantly,feel
that the risks of standing still are greater than those of moving forward in a new direction
Lack of competence:- This is a fear people will seldom admit. But sometimes, change in organizations
necessitates changes in skills, and some people will feel that they wont be able to make the transition very
well
Connected to the old way :- If you ask people in an organization to do things in a new way, as rational as
that new way may seem to you, you will be setting yourself up against all that hard wiring, all those emotional
connections to those who taught your audience the old way and thats not trivial
Low trust:- When people dont believe that they, or the company, can competently manage the change
there is likely to be resistance
Not being consulted :- If people are allowed to be part of the change there is less resistance. People like to
know whats going on, especially if their jobs may be affected. Informed employees tend to have higher levels of
job satisfaction than uninformed employees
Poor communication :-Its self evident isnt it? When it comes to change management theres no such thing
as too muchcommunication
Changes to routines:- When we talk about comfort zones were really referring to routines. We love them.
They make us secure. So theres bound to be resistance whenever change requires us to do things differently
Benefits and rewards:- When the benefits and rewards for making the change are not seen as adequate for
the trouble involved

How should managers overcome

the resistance to change?
Communicate effectively. Be clear about the reason for the change and the
anticipated outcomes; be passionate and inspirational;
Involve people in the change process.Actively listen to them and be
prepared to incorporate their ideas and suggestions;
Remove excuses.Purge unnecessary activities to provide the time and energy;
Utilize peer pressure.Seek out role models and ambassadors and use them
to influence the masses;
Remove uncertainty and threat.Tell the truth and as much of it as possible;
in the absence of information, people always assume the worst;
Train people in new skills and behaviours.Be patient, give them
encouragement and forgive their mistakes;
Give people emotional support.Be empathetic, offer them a shoulder to cry
on and time to come to terms with the change.

Field Force Analysis Technique

To carry out a Force Field Analysis, use a blank sheet
of paper or whiteboard, or download our worksheet.
Then describe your plan or proposal for change in a
box in the middle of the paper. List the
forcesforchange in a column on the left-hand side,
and the forcesagainstchange in a column on the
right-hand side.
Next, assign a score to each force, from, say, 1 (weak)
to 5 (strong), and then add up the scores for each
column (for and against).
For a visual representation of the influence that each
force has, draw arrows around them. Use bigger
arrows for the forces that will have a greater influence
on the change, and smaller arrows for forces that will
have less of an influence.
For example, imagine that you're planning to install

What is Stress?
Stress is your body's way of responding to any kind of demand. It
can be caused by both good and bad experiences. When people feel
stressed by something going on around them, their bodies react by
releasing chemicals into the blood. These chemicals give people
more energy and strength, which can be a good thing if their stress
is caused by physical danger. But this can also be a bad thing, if
their stress is in response to something emotional and there is no
outlet for this extra energy and strength. This class will discuss
different causes of stress, how stress affects you, the difference
between 'good' or 'positive' stress and 'bad' or 'negative' stress,
and some common facts about how stress affects people today.

What are the reasons

for stress?
Personal problems that can cause stress
1. Your health,especially if you have a chronic illness such as heart disease, diabetes, or arthritis
2. Emotional problems,such as anger you can't express, depression, grief, guilt, or low self-esteem
3. Your relationships,such as having problems with your relationships or feeling a lack of friendships or support in your life
4. Major life changes,such as dealing with the death of a parent or spouse, losing your job, getting married, or moving to a
new city
5. Stress in your family,such as having achild, teen, or other family member who is under stress, or being a caregiver to a
family member who is elderly or who has health problems
6. Conflicts with your beliefs and values.For example, you may value family life, but you may not be able to spend as
much time with your family as you want.

.
Social and job issues that can cause stress
1. Your surroundings.Living in an area where overcrowding, crime, pollution, or noise is a problem can create chronic stress.
2. Your social situation.Not having enough money to cover your expenses, feeling lonely, or facing discrimination based on
your race, gender, age, or sexual orientation can add stress to your life.
3. Your job.Being unhappy with your work or finding your job too demanding can lead to chronic stress. Learn how tomanage
job stress.
4. Unemployment.Losing your job or not being able to find work can also add to your stress level.

What are the side and

after-effects of stress?

Possible effects of stress on your body: A

tendency to sweat, Cramps or muscle spasms,
Headaches, hypertension, heart deceases etc.
Possible effects of stress on your thoughts and
feelings: Anger, Anxiety, depression, feeling of
insecurity, restlessness etc.
Possible effects of stress on your behavior: Eating
too much, Sudden angry outbursts, Alcohol, drugs,

How should one minimize stress ?

Exercise :- exercise has been proven to have a beneficial effect on a person's mental and
physical state.
Division of labor :- try to delegate your responsibilities at work, or share them. If you make
yourself indispensable the likelihood of your feeling highly stressed is significantly greater.
Assertiveness :- don't say yes to everything. If you can't do something well, or if something is
not your responsibility, try to seek ways of not agreeing to do them.
Alcohol and drugs :- alcohol and drugs will not help you manage your stress better. Either stop
consuming them completely, or cut down.
Caffeine :- if your consumption of coffee and other drinks which contain caffeine is high, cut
down.
Nutrition :- eat plenty of fruit and vegetables. Make sure you have a healthy and balanced diet.
Time :- make sure you set aside some time each day just for yourself. Use that time to organize
your life, relax, and pursue your own interests
Breathing :- there are some effective breathing techniques which will slow down your system and
help you relax.
Relaxation techniques :- meditation, massage, or yoga have been known to greatly help people
with stress.
Seek professional help :- if the stress is affecting the way you function; go and see your doctor.
Heightened stress for prolonged periods can be bad for your physical and mental health.

What is Personality?

There is no single accepted definition of the word

personality. However, a very good one is that given by
Wright,
the relatively stable and enduring aspects of individuals
which distinguish them from other people and form the
basis of our predictions concerning their future
behavior.

What are the characteristics

of Personality?
ACHIEVEMENT :-Doing one's best in objective or difficult tasks and achieving recognition
DEFERENCE :- Being agreeable to accepting the leadership of others and avoiding unconventionality
ORDERLINESS :- Organizing one's work and habits and planning ahead systematically
EXHIBITION :- Behaving so as to attract attention to one's self by appearance, speech, and manner
AUTONOMY :- Doing as one chooses independently of others' opinions and avoiding conformity
AFFILIATION :-Participating in friendships, sharing things with friends, and forming attachments to
them
SENSITIVENESS :- Analyzing motives and putting oneself in other people's shoes in order to
understand their behavior
NEEDINESS :- Seeking encouragement and support from others and appreciating being aided when in
need
DOMINANCE :-Being a leader who supervises or wields influence over others
ABASEMENT :-Feeling oneself blameworthy and inferior to others and experiencing timidity
NURTURANCE :- Assisting those less fortunate and giving moral support to others
CHANGE :-Participating in new activities

The Sources of Personality 1

1. Assertive You behave in a confident and forceful manner, take charge of the situation, raise your hand in
class, stand up for what you think is right, and lead others. Among those who have a high score on the assertive
trait, many have jobs in which they are valued for their organizational skills as well as their talent for supervising
others. You are not interested in fading into the woodwork, leaving everything to fate, taking more time than
necessary to accomplish a task, or avoiding confrontation.
2. Prudent You look before you leap, think before you act, consider what youre about to say before you open
your mouth to speak; thats why you rarely have to eat your words. You usually dont get excited easily or blurt out
the first thing that comes to mind without considering the consequences.
3. Unflappable You are not a slave to your emotions. It takes a lot to upset or unnerve you. Thats why youre a
good person to have around in a crisis. You dont let it all hang out, which means that those around you often dont
know the pressures youre under or what youre going through. Youre not the kind of person people run from in a
crisis.
4. Introspective You like your own company; youre a very interesting person. Tracking your own mental
processes, knowing what youre thinking and why you do what you do, is important to you. Often, whats going on
in your mind is more compelling than whats going on outside. For the most part, those with a high score on the
introspective trait enjoy reading, taking long walks, learning new things, and other solitary activities. You are not
someone who is constantly looking to be among a group of friends; you never feel bored when you are by yourself.
5. Resilient You bounce back quickly from adversity. For you, all setbacks are temporary. You dont dwell on bad
news, bad luck, or criticism; you regroup and focus on solving the problem, whatever it may be. You almost never
feel that theres too much on your plate, that you dont have the strength to deal with the bad hand youve been
dealt, or that youre going to lose it if you have to deal with one more problem.

The Sources of Personality 2

6. Competitive Youd rather win than simply get along in most situations. When you know youre right, you would
rather argue your point than compromise. Generally, those with a high score on the competitive trait hold
leadership positions in industry and are exhilarated by risk-taking both in their professional and personal lives. You
are not always interested in getting along with others in a group, especially if it can mean losing your identity.
7. Calm You rarely become irritated, generally accept people as they are, take things as they come, and feel
relaxed in most situations. You do not let a minor annoyance escalate to a confrontation. You dont regularly snap at
those around you or fly off the handle with little provocation.
8. Centered You often feel balanced and on top of things, even when those around you are freaking out. Youre in
a pretty good state all the time, and not subject to drastic mood swings. You dont usually react before you think;
youre not ruled by your emotions.
9. Innovative You come up with a lot of ideas; if one doesnt work out, theres always another waiting in the
wings. You often have interesting solutions to difficult problems. Youre practically a one-person brainstorming
session. You are less interested changing the world than in dealing with things as they are. Unlike those who spend
all their time trying to solve problems, you prefer to zero in on things that work and stick with them.
10. Creative You are good at solving problems, coming up with original ideas, and seeing connections between
things, connections that most other people miss. People with a high score on the creative trait often are employed
in such fields as finance and scientific research, and enjoy avant garde and classical music as well as literary fiction
and scholarly non-fiction. You do not shun abstractions and concepts in favor of the concrete and tangible.

The Personality Traits

Openness:- Openness to experience describes a person's degree of intellectual curiosity,
creativity, and preference for novelty and variety. Some disagreement remains about how to
interpret this factor, which is sometimes called intellect.
Conscientiousness:- Conscientiousness is a tendency to show self-discipline, act dutifully,
and aim for achievement. Conscientiousness also refers to planning, organization, and
dependability.
Extraversion :-Extraversion describes energy, positive emotions, assertiveness,
sociability, talkativeness, and the tendency to seek stimulation in the company of others.
Agreeableness:- Agreeableness is the tendency to be compassionate and cooperative
towards others rather than suspicious and antagonistic
Neuroticism:- Neuroticism describes vulnerability to unpleasant emotions like anger,
anxiety, depression, or vulnerability. Neuroticism also refers to an individual's level of
emotional stability and impulse control and is sometimes referred to as emotional stability.

The relationship between personality and behavior

Your Behavior Affects Your Personality
We all know that our personalities affect our behavior. This is what
forces a shy person not to speak much when he meets new people
and this is why A confident person finds no problem in expressing
himself. As you see, your personality can affect your behavior but do
you know that your behaviour could affect your personality?
For instance, if you never fought for your rights or said NO to someone
when he asks you a favor then this will negatively affect your self
image and so in turn it will reduce your self-confidence. This happens
because the subconscious mind watches out for every action that you
take in order to alter your self confidence based on it!!

Extroversion
Extraversion The energy of extraverts is outward, towards people and things. They need a lot of
stimulation and often express emotions. They get their motivation from other
people.
Their often want to change the world (rather than think about it). Extraverts like
variety, action and achievement. They do well at school but may find University
more difficult.

Their attitude is often relaxed and confident. They are understandable and
accessible. They tend to act first and think later.

At work, they seeks variety and action and like working with other people. They
prefer work that has breadth rather than depth

Introversion
Introversion -
The energy of introverts is inward toward concepts and ideas. They need little external
stimulation - and in fact they can easily be over-stimulated. it is possible that they focus
more on their inner worlds because they suffer from sensory overload if they spend too
much time outside and focusing on other people. They thus bottle up their own emotions,
which can explode if pushed too far.
Rather than trying to change the world, they just want to understand it. They think deeply
about things and often do better at University than they did at school
Their attitude is reserved and questioning and they can seem subtle and impenetrable. They
tend to think before they act.
At work they like to work alone and often seek quiet for concentration. They tend to prefer
work that has depth rather than breadth.
Extraverts may see them as egocentric and passive.
There is a view that introverts may act as they do because they are more easily
overwhelmed by external stimuli, as opposed to extraverts who have a higher basic
stimulation threshold and need the more visceral external stimulation to avoid boredom.