15ca Yk Presentation

YK Electric Driven Centrifugal Chillers
Clients Company Name

Account Executive Name, Date
Agenda
Centrifugal Chillers in Todays Complex Buildings
Vertical Markets for Centrifugal Chillers & Trends
System Overview of YK Centrifugal Chillers
Key Benefits of YK Centrifugal Chillers
Johnson Controls, Inc. 2012
Water Cooled Solutions Product Offering
Model YK
Single
Compressor
Model YKEP
Centrifugal
Extended Capacity
Model YD
Dual Compressors
Model CYK
Compound
Compressors
Model YMC
Magnetic
Centrifugal
Model YIA
Single stage
3
Model YST
Steam Turbine
Model OM
Custom Designed
Model YPC
Two stage
Model YS
Open Motor
Model YVWA
VSD Screw Unit
Model YCWL
Scroll Compressor

Major Trends in the Centrifugal Chiller Marketplace
Energy and Operating Costs
Electricity costs rising at rates greater than inflation
Owners seeking a total cost of ownership solution
Environmental Regulations
Phase out of Ozone Depleting refrigerants nearly complete
Increased Energy Efficiency levels mandated by legislation and building codes
Increased focus on Global Warming Potential (direct and indirect)
Water Usage and Costs

Water restrictions increasing in many markets around the world
Owners adapting innovative heat rejection technologies
Technology
Enhanced control algorithms and communications
Improved remote connectivity

Energy Usage of Typical Commercial Building
Office
Equipment
8%
Commercial Building Primary Energy Consumption Breakdown

(from BTS, 2001; ADL, 1999; ADL, 2001)

Total HVAC System
Airside
25%
Total Chiller Plant Energy Use
Chiller Plant
35%
Boilers
35%
Other
5%
Pumps
22%
Chillers
64%
Towers 11%
Other
3%

Increased Energy Efficiency levels mandated by legislation and building
codes

codes
CO2 from automotive and

power plant emissions is
the leading green house
gas
HFCs; 2%
Methane; 8%
HVAC Impact:
CO2; 85%
1.
Direct effect: refrigerant gas emitted

to the atmosphere

codes

gas
HVAC Impact:
1.

to the atmosphere
2.
Indirect effect: CO2 emissions from

power generation for equipment

Between 1990 and 2000, public water

supply consumption increased 12%, to
43.3 billion gallons per day.*
Public water supply usage in the US:
1) 48% - Thermoelectric power
2) 34% - Irrigation
3) 11% - Buildings
* US Geological Survey
10

July , 2011
11
July , 2012

Technology
Central Plant Automation (CPO)
Source: Optimum Energy

Note: kW/ton and C.O.P figures represent entire chiller plant including multiplier chillers, pumps, towers, etc.
12

Technology
Central Plant Automation (CPO)

Building Load vs. Chiller Efficiency (for 3 Chillers 1,000 ton each)
Sequencing
based on
ENERGY
(not just load)
13
Agenda
14

Key Vertical Markets for Centrifugal Chillers
Vertical Market for large equipment:
District Cooling
Central Utility Plant.
Large Data Center.
Process Cooling & Manufacturing.
Turbine Inlet Cooling - TIC.
High Rise Multi-Use Building
15

Key Vertical Markets for Large Centrifugal Chillers - District Cooling*
Market Driver:
Energy efficiency.
Local service & parts availability.
Local expertise (Sales & support to consult. eng.).
Overall reliability (Uptime 24/7 operation).
Unit customization Sea water or air cooled (MidEast).
Design & build for new construction market.
Tenant Metering and Billing are a challenge for D.C. in Mid-East
* District Cooling => One producer providing/selling utilities to the several users
16

Key Vertical Markets for Large Centrifugal Chillers
Central Utility Plant *
(Higher Education , Hospital & Government, Airport)
Market Driver:
Energy efficiency.
Local expertise (Sales & support to consult. eng.).
Cooling/Heating equipment to displace boilers.
Plan & spec. for new construction market or Design
& build for replacement market.
Ex.: ISU Vet Med Hospital with all variable speed plant provide extra tonnage in
lower lift conditions and lower energy costs.
*Central Utility Plant =>One central plant to attend several buildings in the same campus owner.
17

District Cooling Central Utility Plant
District Cooling
Central Utility Plant
Multiple customers pay a single

supplier for cooling
Cooling providers and consumers

are typically from the same
organization
Ex: City Chilled Water Distribution Company
18
Ex: University Campus

District Cooling Central Utility Plant
Chilled Water Plant
Energy Transfer Station
Air
Handling
Units
Distribution Network
19

Key Vertical Markets for Centrifugal Chillers - Large Data Center
Market Driver:
Energy efficiency. (Measure of power consumption

usage-PUE)
Local expertise (Support to end user & consult.
eng.).
Redundancy.
Uptime (Rough through or rapid re-start).
Plan & spec. new construction market.
For Datacenter the Uptime is critical
20

Key Vertical Markets for Centrifugal Chillers
Process Cooling & Manufacturing
Market Driver:
Unit customization (Industrial options,

documentation & local codes).
Local expertise (Support to end user).
Energy efficiency but some times industrial energy
has a lower cost.
Design & build for replacement market.
Each Project requires several special accessories to comply

with the customer and local country codes.
21

Turbine Inlet Cooling - TIC
Market Driver:
Energy efficiency (Full load & constant speed).

Dimensions for shipping and install in modules
(height & width).
Local expertise (Support to packagers companies).
Design & build for upgrade of old power plant to
improve general plant efficiency.
TAS & Stellar have the leadership in this segment
22

Pharmaceutical , Process
Cooling/Manufacturing
Companies that manufacture,
fabricate or process drugs in large
pharmaceutical preparations plants.
Ex: Central plants in industrial applications.

23
TIC (Turbine Inlet Cooling)

Chillers can cool the inlet air to much
lower temperatures than those possible
with evaporative cooling and can maintain
any desired inlet air temperature,
independent of ambient wet-bulb
temperature and improve the output
energy capacity .
Ex: New constructions or power plants retrofit.

Sales Guide - Turbine Inlet Cooling - PUBL-6941
Filter housing
with cooling-coil
module
Modular water chiller plant
YD/YK//YKEP
24
CYK
Absorption
Heatrejection
equipment
Thermal energy
storage tank
Power Plant Retrofit

California - United States
Power plant:
Commercial operation in April 2006
GE 7FA Turbine -powered 2 1
combined cycle plant
Original capacity (2006): 565 MW, but
on a hot, humid day could only
produce 505 MW.
GE 7FA Turbine -powered 2 1
combined cycle plant
Retrofitted from evaporative coolers
to Chillers in 2009.
Site Turbine Inlet Cooling plant:
4 Centrifugal chillers, arranged in
two redundant pairs, are capable of
delivering the 9000 tons of
refrigeration needed to assure 50F air
to the Turbine on a 97F day with 30%
relative humidity
3.6 million gal of water in a
Thermal Energy Storage (TES) tank
25
Turbine Inlet Cooling

Key Vertical Markets for Centrifugal Chillers High Rise Multi-Use Building
Market Driver:
Energy efficiency.
Local expertise (Sales & support to global consult.
eng.).
Sustainability Choice (LEED, refrigerant).
Plan & spec. for new construction market.
China is rising 44% of 50 Skyscrapers

to be completed worldwide in the next 6 years.
26
Agenda
27
The YK Compressor Centrifugal Chiller

Overview
Capacity: 250 to 3,000 TR (880 10.550 kW)
Single stage, high efficiency, centrifugal compressor
Designed for real world energy performance
Variable speed drive technology
Refrigerant: HFC-134a
State of the art OptiviewTM Control Center
Excellent sound performance
Industrial construction for reliable, long life

operation
AHRI standard 550/590 certified and rated
28

Overview Limits
YK Dual Centrifugal Chiller Limits:
Minimum leaving chilled water temp (without brine):
36oF ( 2.2C )
Minimum leaving chilled water temp (with brine):
20oF ( - 7.0C )
Maximum evaporator entering fluid temperature:
70oF ( 21.1C )
Minimum entering condenser water temperature:
55oF ( 12.7C )
Consult Engineering Guide for job specific minimum temperature
Have tested and seen stable operation down to:
Maximum leaving condenser water temperature:
50oF ( 10.0C )
155oF ( 68C )*
*by special application only upon review by Engineering
29

Overview Lay-out
VSD
30

Overview Comparison
YK
31
Single compressor
Single circuit
Gear driven
OptiView control panel on evaporator side
Single open drive motor
VSD or SSS or ACL Starter
vs.
YD
Dual compressor in parallel

Single circuit
Gear driven
OptiView control panel on evaporator side
Dual open drive motors
ACL or SSS Starter

How it works
Pre-rotation
Vanes
Impeller
Mist
Eliminator
Diffuser Plate
Condenser
Flooded
Evaporator
Subcooler
32
Orifice

How it works
Pressure
Condenser
Lift
(or Head
Pressure)
Metering
Device
Evaporator
Enthalpy
33
Refrigerant rejects
heat to atmosphere
Compressor
Refrigerant absorbs
heat from load

How it works
Pressure
85 F
95 F
29 C
35 C
Lift
(or Head
Pressure)
54 F 12 C
44 F
Enthalpy
34
7 C

How it designs
Piping Arrangement
series counter flow vs. parallel
35

How it designs
Series Counter Flow (SCF) Piping Arrangement
Cut energy usage by up to 6%
When arranged in series counter flow the YK provides even greater energy
savings. Series-counter flow reduces compressor head on each chiller,
cutting system energy use by up to 6% compared to a parallel piping
arrangement.
36

How it designs
Parallel Piping Arrangement
Installing chillers in parallel (single lift

operation) requires each to produce
the total system lift.
37

How it designs
Installing chillers in series counter

flow reduces the lift requirement for
both units.
38

How it designs
YK Centrifugal Chiller
Depending on the chiller selections

in each configuration, the energy
savings can typically be up to 6% at
full load and 5% at the partial
load( NPLV) .
3584
0.597
6.0%
0.444
0.422
5.0%
39

How it designs
Examples of possible arrangements which are dependent on the physical floor space available,
piping layouts, and maintenance clearances for tube cleaning.
40
Agenda
41
Key Benefits of YK Centrifugal Chillers
1.
Higher Efficiency at Real World Performance - Delivering an optimum chiller design.
2.
Sustainability Improve your plant and the planet.
3.
4.
5.
42
Lower Sound Excellent at full load and the best at partial load.
Higher Reliability Design based on industrial requirements for critical installations.
Total Flexibility Various standard or optional features to ensure correct application.
Key Benefits and Features at YK Centrifugal Chillers

Higher Efficiency at Real
World Performance
Chiller Design
Economics Analysis
Sustainability
Smart Refrigerant Decisions
Unit Design for Reduced

Total Climatic Impact
High Efficiency Unit for

Lower Carbon Footprint
High Reliability
OptiViewTM
TM Control Center
Unit Designed with Industrial

Components
43
Skip Fin Tubes Design
Data Trending and Tracking
Connectivity
Lower Sound
Unit Arrangement (Full Load)
OptiSoundTM
TM Control (Partial
Load)
Total Flexibility
Material & Accessories options
Open motor
Starter and drive options
Higher Efficiency at Real World

Performance
Chiller Design
Economics Analysis
44

Addressing Higher Efficiency at Real World Performance
Chiller Design:
The compressor aerodynamics
The drive design
The expansion orifice design
The oil-management system
45

By Delivering an Optimum Chiller Design
The compressor aerodynamics
Direct-drive compressor:
To adjust tip speed is by changing the size of
the impeller only.
Few impeller sizes to choose from,
Compressor tuning is limited .
46
Gear-drive compressor:
Tip speed is a combined function of
impeller size and gear ratio.
Multiple combinations of impeller and
gear size.
Compressor
tuning
for
low-lift
applications requirements is easier.

The drive design
Hermetic-drive motor:
Refrigerant fill motor cavity.
Head pressure must be high enough to ensure
that refrigerant flows adequately through the
motor.
Lack of refrigerant flow can overheat the motor
windings and It will shut down the chiller.
To maintain minimum pressure differential is
artificially limited the lift reduction.
It will increase the compressors energy
consumption
47
Open-drive motor:
Refrigerant is located outside the refrigerant

circuit.
it can be air-cooled (or optionally water-cooled).
It does not depend on refrigerant flow for

cooling .
Unaffected by changes in refrigerant flow during
low-lift conditions.

The expansion orifice design
Fixed Orifice Design:

The fixed orifice is optimized for full load, and
cannot compensate for non-design conditions.
Experience has shown fixed orifice designed units
dont have stable operation with anything lower than
70F ECWT.
Below 75F, they will usually suggest using head
pressure control to keep the compressor head high,
and thus they would not be saving energy from
slowing down the compressor.
48
Variable Orifice Design:

Enhanced performance at Off-Design conditions.
Electronically modulating butterfly valve controlled
by the Optview Panel and positioned at the liquid
line.
Refrigerant level sensor maintains optimum liquid
level in condenser, controlling the pressure/ temp.
drop from the condenser to the evaporator.
Orifice opens up to allow enough refrigerant to flow
from condenser to evaporator to compensate for
the lower pressure drop between shells.
Refrigerant flow can be optimized to save energy
and prevent the chiller from surging.

The oil-management system
Hermetic-drive chillers:
It does not have an effective oil seals to separate the
oil circuit from the refrigerant circuit at lower
differential pressures (low-lift conditions),
Oil will enter the refrigerant circuit and migrate to the
evaporator and Chiller efficiency suffer significantly.
Also the chiller may shut down on a low-oil-pressure
safety.
Potential burn-out motor.
49
Open-drive centrifugal chillers:

It has an oil-management system that
can make oil loss a relatively minor issue
at low-lift conditions.
An oil-eduction system is employed to
separate oil from the refrigerant in the
evaporator and return it to the oil sump.
Chiller operate effectively at low-lift
conditions.

By Delivering an Optimum Chiller Design - The oil-management system
Liquid-Vapor Mixture
Condensation
sio
Co
m
Sa
tu
Satur
ated
Vapo
r
Evaporation
Enthalpy (BTU/lb)
50
COND Saturated Temperature

97F
95F
pre
s
LIFT
rat
e
dL
iqu
id
Leaving EVAP Temperature
Superheated Vapor
Leaving COND Temperature
Expansion
Pressure (Abs)
Sub-Cooled Liquid
44F
42F
EVAP Saturated Temperature

97F
Approach
95F
Condenser Saturated Temp

Condenser Leaving Water Temp
85F
Condenser Entering Water Temp

LIFT
55F
Evaporator Entering Water Temp
44F
Evaporator Leaving Water Temp
42F
51
Approach
Evaporator Saturated Temp

37 psig
Evaporation
Enthalpy (BTU/lb)
52

97F
95F
sio
n
81 psig
Boils at -15.6F
@ 0 psig
Co
mp
re s
R-134a
AHRI Condenser EWT
Condensation
118 psig
Expansion
Pressure (Abs)
R-134a
R-134a Chiller
Chiller
Evaporator:
LCWT
44F
Evaporator: LCWT 44F // ECWT
ECWT 55F
55F
Condenser:
Condenser: LWT
LWT 95F
95F // EWT
EWT 85F
85F
44F
42F

37 psig
Condensation
Boils at -15.6F
@ 0 psig

87F
85F
n
R-134a
Lower Condenser EWT
60 psig
Evaporation
Co
mp
re s
sio
97 psig
Expansion
Pressure (Abs)
R-134a
R-134a Chiller
Chiller
Evaporator:
LCWT
44F
ECWT 55F
55F
Condenser:
Condenser: LWT
LWT 85F
85F // EWT
EWT 75F
75F
44F
42F
28%
Enthalpy (BTU/lb)
53
Reduction
Reduction
in
in Energy
Energy

37 psig
Condensation
Boils at -15.6F
@ 0 psig

67F
65F
n
R-134a
Lower Condenser EWT
30 psig
Evaporation
Co
mp
re s
sio
67 psig
Expansion
Pressure (Abs)
R-134a
R-134a Chiller
Chiller
Evaporator:
LCWT
44F
ECWT 55F
55F
Condenser:
Condenser: LWT
LWT 75F
75F // EWT
EWT 65F
65F
44F
42F
63%
Enthalpy (BTU/lb)
54
Reduction
Reduction
in
in Energy
Energy

-8.4 psig
Evaporation
Enthalpy (BTU/lb)
55

97F
95F
sio
n
13.6 psig
Boils at 81.4F
@ 0 psig
Co
mp
re s
R-123
AHRI Condenser EWT
Condensation
5.2 psig
Expansion
Pressure (Abs)
R-123
R-123 Chiller
Chiller
Evaporator:
LCWT
Evaporator: LCWT 44F
44F // ECWT
ECWT 55F
55F
Condenser:
Condenser: LWT
LWT 95F
95F // EWT
EWT 85F
85F
44F
42F

Pressure
Hermetic
Motor
Widing
Entalpy
56

Pressure
Refrigerant from
condenser
Hermetic
Motor
Widing
Entalpy
57

Looking more
close....
Pressure
Refrigerant from
condenser
Hermetic
Motor
Widing
Refrigerant return to the economizer &
evaporator
Entalpy
58

Hermetic Motor Widing
Seal
&
Bearing
59
ROTOR
Seal
&
Bearing

Hermetic Motor Widing

Refrigerant from
Condenser
Seal
&
Bearing
60
ROTOR
Seal
&
Bearing

Refrigerant cool the motor
Seal
&
Bearing
ROTOR
Seal
&
Bearing
61
Refrigerant from
Condenser

Refrigerant to
Economizer &
Evaporator
Seal
&
Bearing
ROTOR
Seal
&
Bearing
62
Refrigerant from
Condenser

Refrigerant to
Economizer &
Evaporator
Seal
&
Bearing
ROTOR
Seal
&
Bearing

Oil Sump
63
Refrigerant from
Condenser

Refrigerant to
Economizer &
Evaporator
Seal
&
Bearing
ROTOR
Seal
&
Bearing

Oil Sump
64
Refrigerant from
Condenser

Refrigerant to
Economizer &
Evaporator
Seal
&
Bearing
ROTOR
Seal
&
Bearing

Oil Sump
65
Refrigerant from
Condenser

Refrigerant to
Economizer &
Evaporator
Refrigerant from
Condenser
11.5
psia
ROTOR
11.5
psia

Oil Sump
66

Refrigerant to
Economizer &
Evaporator
13.6
13.6
Refrigerant
cool
the
motor
psia
psia
11.5
psia
13.6
psia
ROTOR
Refrigerant cool the motor13.6

psia
Oil Sump
67
11.5
psia
Refrigerant from
Condenser
(Ent.Cond. Water +/- 85.oF)

Refrigerant to
Economizer &
Evaporator
Low Entering Cond. Temp.

11.5
psia
11.5
psia
11.5
psia
11.5
Refrigerant cool the motor psia
ROTOR
11.5
psia
Oil Sump
68
11.5
psia
Refrigerant from
Condenser

At full load, the
R-123
chiller will start carry
oil from reservoir to Boils at 81.4F
@ 0 psig
evap. with 77 F
-8.4 psig
10.8
psig
Evaporation
Enthalpy (BTU/lb)
69

89F
87F
n
Condensation
Co
mp
re s
sio
2.4 psig
Expansion
Pressure (Abs)
R-123
R-123 Chiller
Chiller
Evaporator:
LCWT
44F // ECWT
ECWT 55F
55F
Lower Condenser EWT
Condenser:
Condenser: LWT
LWT 87F
87F // EWT
EWT 77F
77F
44F
42F

Refrigerant to
Economizer &
Evaporator
Lower Entering Cond. Temp.

10.8
psia
11.5
psia
10.8
psia
10.8
ROTOR
10.8
psia
Oil Sump
70
11.5
psia
Refrigerant from
Condenser

Refrigerant to
Economizer &
Evaporator

10.8
psia
11.5
psia
10.8
psia
10.8
ROTOR
10.8
psia
Oil Sump
71
11.5
psia
Refrigerant from
Condenser

Refrigerant to
Economizer &
Evaporator

10.8
psia
11.5
psia
10.8
psia
10.8
ROTOR
10.8
psia
Oil Sump
72
11.5
psia
Refrigerant from
Condenser

-8.4 psig
Condensation
4.6 psig
Evaporation
Enthalpy (BTU/lb)
73
R-123
Boils at 81.4F
@ 0 psig

67F
65F
n
How many minutes

until the unit stop
for lack of oil in the
reservoir?
Co
mp
re s
sio
-3.8 psig
Expansion
Pressure (Abs)
R-123
R-123 Chiller
Chiller
Evaporator:
LCWT
44F // ECWT
ECWT 55F
55F
Condenser:
Lower Condenser EWT
Condenser: LWT
LWT 65F
65F // EWT
EWT 55F
55F
44F
42F

Hermetic-drive motor design:

Lose oil to the refrigerant circuit at
low lift conditions.
York Chiller designed

for off-design operation.
74

By Addressing Higher Efficiency at Real World Performance
Economics Analysis
75

By Addressing Higher Efficiency at Real World Performance
Total HVAC Energy Use for
Commercial Building
Utilizing Water Cooled
Systems
Airside
25%
Chiller Plant
35%
Boiler Plant
35%
Other
5%
76
Total Chiller Plant Energy

Use
Pumps
22%
Chillers
64%
Towers
11%
Other
3%

Understanding the Economics Analysis
Centrifugal chillers are the largest single energy consumer in the building
Energy Costs Vs. First Costs
Energy over the lifetime of the chiller
First Costs
Typical 2 x 500 TR
$300,000 Equipment only
Typical Chiller: 2 x 500 TR

Consumption:
1,400,000 KWH per year
A keen focus
on real world
energy
performance
delivers real
value
KWH Consumption:
1,400,000 KWH
Annual Energy Cost:
$125,000
Annual energy costs for Centrifugal

chillers is typically 50% of first cost
- Less maintenance costs

- Improved reliability
77
Typical Equipment Life

25-30 years
Typical Energy Cost Inflation
5% annually
Total lifetime energy costs
$6 M
For the lifetime of 2 x 500 TR chillers,
energy costs are typically over $6M
- World class single source provider and partner relationships

- Improved capital efficiency

Lets see a chiller plant analysis in a

Real World example
78

Energy Efficiency is the Best Climate Strategy
Understanding full load energy performance
Understanding Real World Energy Performance
Real World Energy Performance

Understanding and taking advantage of the operating envelope
Capitalizing on part load (tons and wet bulb) conditions to minimize energy
Employing Variable Speed technology to fully translate less work --- less
energy for the chiller plant.
79

Building Envelope Climate Zone Map
Costal
Dry (B)
Moist (A)
ASHRAE 90.1 provides

the
information
to
determine both United
States and International
climates Zones . The
climate
zone
is
determined by a climate
zone number and letter
that are required for
determining compliance
regarding the standard.
Source : ASHRAE 90.1
80

The Operating Envelope Miami, FL Weather Example : Zone 1A
Building Envelope Climate Criteria
Costal
Dry (B)
Moist (A)
Lets check the Real World Energy Performance in a

chiller at the worst case scenario in United States:
Miami, Florida : Zone 1 A (Moist)

Zone 1 A:
Very Hot
and Humid
Source : ASHRAE 90.1
81
If is valid for Miami is valid for All US

Climate Zone

The Operating Envelope Miami, FL Weather Example : Zone 1A
99.5%
92 - 87
82 - 77
72 - 67
62 - 57
52 - 47
42 - 37
Chillers run at full-load design conditions Less than 1% of the time !

82

Lowering Condenser
Water Temperature
Pressure
Condenser
Lift
(or Head
Pressure)
Compressor
Evaporator
Enthalpy
83

Lowering Condenser
Water Temperature
Pressure
Lowers the Lift

Condenser
Lift
(or Head
Pressure)
Compressor
Evaporator
Enthalpy
84
Reduces Compressor
Work
Reduces Energy
Consumption

Typical Design Specification
500 ton Centrifugal Chiller
% Load
100
ECWT
85
Typical Consultant Engineer specification

request: ASHRAE 90.1 compliance, but
addressing only at Full Load Efficiency.
Comparison at AHRI conditions

85

% Load
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
15
87
ECWT
85
81
77
73
69
65
65
65
65
65

% Load
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
15
89
ECWT
85
81
77
73
69
65
65
65
65
65
KW/TON
0.570
0.522
0.493
0.474
0.463
0.460
0.495
0.553
0.680
0.798

0.65
Traditional Design
(Constant Speed & Min. ECWT of 75 F)
0.60
60% Load
0.55
100% Load
80% Load
0.50
kW / ton
0.45
0.40
0.35
0.30
+/-70% of hours
0.25
0.20
85 F
80 F
75 F
70 F
65 F
60 F
Entering Condenser Water Temperature

91
55 F
Constant Speed Chillers

Variable Orifice
-
Modulating
Valve in Liquid
Line to Maintain
Optimal
Refrigerant
Control
Orifice
92
Refrigerant
Level Sensor
Maintains
Optimum Liquid
Levels in
Condenser

0.65
Traditional Design
0.60
60% Load
100% Load
0.55
80% Load
0.50
New Design Variable Orifice
kW / ton
0.45
(Constant Speed and Low ECWT)
60% Load
0.40
80% Load
100% Load
0.35
0.30
+/-70% of hours
0.25
0.20
85 F
80 F
75 F
70 F
65 F
60 F

93
55 F
Constant Speed Chillers

Employing Variable Speed Technology to maximize efficiency
-Taking advantage of real world conditions
- As weather conditions and building load change,
design conditions exist only 1% of the operating
hours
- Applying VSD to chillers reduces energy consumption
by 30%
- Globally commissioned over 13,000 VSDs
EPAs Prestigious Climate Protection Award

-
94
YORK VSD chillers save 600,000 tons of CO2 emissions annually

Fixed vs Variable Speed
% Load
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
15
95
ECWT
85
81
77
73
69
65
65
65
65
65
No VSD
KW/TON
0.570
0.522
0.493
0.474
0.463
0.460
0.495
0.553
0.680
0.798
VSD
KW/TON
0.576
0.511
0.450
0.397
0.343
0.308
0.315
0.340
0.380
0.439

% Load
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
15
97
ECWT
85
81
77
73
69
65
65
65
65
65
No VSD
KW/TON
0.570
0.522
0.493
0.474
0.463
0.460
0.495
0.553
0.680
0.798
VSD
KW/TON
0.576
0.511
0.450
0.397
0.343
0.308
0.315
0.340
0.380
0.439
%SAVED
-1.0
2.2
8.7
16.2
25.9
33.0
36.4
38.5
44.1
45.0

0.65
Traditional Design
0.60
60% Load
100% Load
0.55
80% Load
0.50
New Design Variable Orifice
kW / ton
0.45
(Constant Speed and Low ECWT)
60% Load
0.40
80% Load
100% Load
0.35
Variable Speed Chiller
0.30
100% Load
0.25
80% Load
0.20
85 F
60% Load
80 F
75 F
70 F
65 F
60 F

99
+/-70% of hours
55 F
Variable Speed Drive Chillers

Optimal Central Plant Chiller Operation
Variable Speed Chiller Performance
0.9
The most efficient operating

range of variable speed chillers
is 30% to 80%
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
kW/ton
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
Load
85F ECWT
100 Johnson Controls, Inc. 2012
75F ECWT
65F ECWT
55F ECWT

ASHRAE standardized weighting of hours at part load conditions at the :
Integrated part load value (IPLV):
1
IPLV =
0.01
A
0.42
+
B
0.45
+
C
0.12
+
D
Where:
A = KW/TR @100% capacity @ 85F ECWT

B = KW/TR @ 75% capacity @ 75F ECWT
C = KW/TR @ 50% capacity @ 65F ECWT
D = KW/TR @ 25% capacity @ 65F ECWT

Efficiency Improvements
ASHRAE 90.1 2010 preferred path B

-
ASHRAE 90.1 Performance Standard
150-300 TR
- Full Load < 0.639 KW/TR
- IPLV < 0.450 KW/TR
301 - 600 TR
>600 TR
Current Performance
Path B- VSD applications
Capacity

Example of Real World Energy Performance
100%
75%
50%
25%
1
IPLV =
0.01
A
500
375
250
125
0.01
0.42
0.45
0.12
0.42 0.45
+
+
B
C
F)
EC
WT
(
We
igh
tin
g
Ca
pa
cit
y
Ca
pa
cit
y
AHRI Conditions
85
75
65
65
0.12
+
D
Typical Energy Cost for a Central

Plant with 2 x 500 TR chillers
1
IPLV =
0.01
A
500
375
250
125
0.01
0.42
0.45
0.12
85
75
65
65
0.570
0.483
0.460
0.608
A= 0.0175
B = 0.8702
C = 0.9783
D = 0.1974
0.576
0.424
0.308
0.360
We
igh
TR ted
/KW
KW
/TR
We
igh
te
d
TR
/KW
Constant Speed Chiller
KW
/TR
EC
WT
(
100%
75%
50%
25%
F)
We
igh
tin
g
AHRI Conditions
Ca
pa
cit
y

Ca
pa
cit
y
A = 0.0174
B = 0.9906
C = 1.4610
D = 0.3333
Chiller IPLV by AHRI 550/590
0.42 0.45
+
+
B
C
0.12
+
D
IPLV
0.485
IPLV
0.357
*Chillers SPLV
SPLV
0.445
SPLV
0.333
*Chiller SPLV = System Part Load Value; in this case it is used to

show part load value for the two 500 TR chillers, for the Average
of US Cities.
Cooling
Load Inc.
is equivalent
to 4,399 Full Load hours x 1,000 ton load
104 *The
Johnson
Controls,
2012
1
IPLV =
0.01
A
500
375
250
125
0.01
0.42
0.45
0.12
85
75
65
65
0.570
0.483
0.460
0.608
A= 0.0175
B = 0.8702
C = 0.9783
D = 0.1974
0.576
0.424
0.308
0.360
We
igh
TR ted
/KW
KW
/TR
We
igh
te
d
TR
/KW
KW
/TR
EC
WT
(
100%
75%
50%
25%
F)
We
igh
tin
g
AHRI Conditions
Ca
pa
cit
y

Ca
pa
cit
y
A = 0.0174
B = 0.9906
C = 1.4610
D = 0.3333
0.42 0.45
+
+
B
C
0.12
+
D
IPLV
0.485
IPLV
0.357
Chillers SPLV
SPLV
0.445
SPLV
0.333
*System SPLV
SPL
V
0.635
SPLV
0.524
*System SPLV = System Part Load Value; in this case it is used to show part
load value for the two 500 TR chillers, plus the pumps, and the consumption
of the cooling tower, for the Average of US Cities.
* The Cooling Load is equivalent to 4,399 Full Load hours x 1,000 ton load
105 **Johnson
2012and the consumption of the Cooling Tower
IncludesControls,
Chillers,Inc.
Pumps
1
IPLV =
0.01
A
500
375
250
125
0.01
0.42
0.45
0.12
85
75
65
65
0.570
0.483
0.460
0.608
A= 0.0175
B = 0.8702
C = 0.9783
D = 0.1974
0.576
0.424
0.308
0.360
We
igh
TR ted
/KW
KW
/TR
We
igh
te
d
TR
/KW
KW
/TR
EC
WT
(
100%
75%
50%
25%
F)
We
igh
tin
g
AHRI Conditions
Ca
pa
cit
y

Ca
pa
cit
y
A = 0.0174
B = 0.9906
C = 1.4610
D = 0.3333
0.42 0.45
+
+
B
C
0.12
+
D
IPLV
0.485
IPLV
0.357
Chillers SPLV
SPLV
0.445
SPLV
0.333
System SPLV
SPL
V
0.635
SPLV
0.524
Annual US $ = 364,828
Electric Energy Operational Cost
Annual US $ = 313,074
**Annual
14% Simple payback 0.15

year
4,399 Full Load hours x 1,000 ton load
Energy Savings
*
The Cooling Load is equivalent to
106 **Johnson
Controls,
2012and the consumption of the Cooling Tower
Included
Chiller,Inc.
Pumps
*** Estimated Energy Cost U$ 0.07/kWh for Usage and $12.5/kW for Demand

Miami example

Lower payback & higher $$$

energy bill saving

Real World Weather Data
http://sydney.edu.au/architecture/staff/homepage/richard_de_dear/ashrae_rp-884_climates.shtml

higher % energy bill saving

higher $$$ energy bill saving
Sustainability
Smart Refrigerant Decisions
Unit Design for Reduced Total Climatic Impact
High Efficiency Unit for Lower Carbon
Footprint
Addressing Sustainability
By Providing Smart Refrigerant Decisions
Full line HFC-134a Chiller offering
Zero ODP, No phase out date refrigerant
Product line optimized for HFC-134a in order to meet or

exceed any competitors energy efficiency levels
Designed for Zero Leakage

Standard isolation valves eliminate the need to remove
charge from the units during most service procedures
Employ leak free sealing technology
Validate leak tight construction during manufacturing
process
Environmental regulations
Montreal Protocol: Phase out of Ozone depleting refrigerants
LEED Credits
Optimize Energy Performance (EAc1)
High efficiency of YK reduces indirect impact GWP
(98% of the total impact) caused by GHG emissions
produced by utility
Enhanced Refrigerant Management (EAc4)

Hybrid falling-film technology- further reduces
refrigerant usage by 40%
YK chillers up to about 1000 TR
The LTCM lab of the Ecole Polytechnique

Fdrale de Lausanne, Switzerland
Flooded vs. Falling Film
T
ER
S
IN ING
L
FAL LM
FI O
E
VID
Flooded Evaporator
Hybrid Falling Film Evaporator


gas
HFCs; 2%
M ethane; 8%
HVAC Impact:
CO2; 85%
1.

to the atmosphere


gas
HVAC Impact:
1.

to the atmosphere
2.
Indirect effect: CO2 emissions from

power generation for equipment
By Providing Unit Designed for Reduced Total Climatic Impact
Indirect GWP Effects

Direct GWP Effects
Containment: Refrigerant
Leak Detection, Reclaim
rates, destruction or reuse
Maintenance
Practices over
Equipment
Life
Advanced
Real World
Energy
Performance
Advanced Cycle Efficiency

and Technology Choice
Minimizing the total Climatic Impact

requires a Comprehensive Approach to Refrigerant Choice
High Efficiency Unit for Lower Carbon Footprint
How much CO2 would a Central Plant with 2 x 500 TR chillers with
VSD offset, compared to a Constant Speed Central Plant?
337 Tons of CO2 annually

Constant Central
Plant with 2 x 500 TR
chillers (SPLV =
0.635 kW/ton)
Central Plant
with 2 x 500 TR chillers
with VSD (SPLV 0.524
kW/ton)
500 metric tons of CO2

380 metric tons of CO2
Equivalent of removing 66 cars from the road!

* - CO2 calculator: http://www.epa.gov/cleanrgy/energy-resources/calculator.html
Lower Sound
Unit Arrangement (Full Load)
OptSoundTM Control (Partial
Load)
Addressing Lower Sound

Full Load thanks to the Unit Arrangement
The Sound Pressure Level (SPL)

for Full Load is better the competitors based in the selection and position of the
components, reducing up to 1.5 dBa.
See a 500 ton example :
Full Load
YK York* :
82 dBa
19XR Carrier:
83.5 dBa
* Could be reduced in
case to select a Q6
compressor or use
Sound Unit treatment
and water cooled
motor.

Partial Load thanks to the JCI ingenuity => OptiSound Control
The Sound Pressure Level (SPL)

for Partial Load is better than competitors by using of OptiSoundTM Control.
See a 500 ton example:
Full Load
50% load
YK York:
80 dBa
76 dBA
19XR Carrier:
82 dBa
80 dBA

Sound generated by the high

speed turbo machinery of a
centrifugal compressor
Sound abatement can become
expensive and impractical
Johnson Controls invents a way to
eliminate the noise instead of
attenuating it OptiSound

Optimized for a Limited Flow Range Scroll Volute
Impeller
Typical Centrifugal Compressor

Gas Flow
Diffuser Plate
Nozzle Base Plate
Variable Geometry Diffuser
Diffuser Ring
Diffuser width is
changed to keep flow
attached.
Diffuser-Ring: This circular ring is pushed
in and out of the diffuser gap, by the drivepins, continuously varying the diffuser width
to match changing flow.
Pin & DiffuserRing Motion
Gas Flow
Impeller
Gas Flow
Patent Pending, Application No. 10/313,364

30 % Load
SPL (dBA)
0
0
10
80
40 d
a
60 l l L o
Fu
%
20
Typical Chiller, 85 F/ 29 C
Entering Condenser Water
Without OptiSoundTM
Control

30 % Load
SPL (dBA)
0
100
80
40 d
a
60 ll Lo
Fu
%
20
Typical Chiller, 85 F/ 29 C
Entering Condenser Water
With OptiSoundTM
Control

Without OptiSound Control

Flow separates from
the walls of the
diffuser.
Aerodynamic
turbulence
Known as Diffuser
Stall.
Chiller sound levels
are high.

Flow Stays attached

to the diffuser.
Chiller has low
sound levels.

OptiSound control is standard

some compressor YK chillers
It helps reduce noise at offdesign (part load) conditions
and extends the units
operational range.
High Reliability
OptiViewTM
TM Control
Control Center
Center
Unit
Unit Designed
Designed with
with Industrial
Industrial Components
Components
Skip
Skip Fin
Fin Tubes
Tubes Design
Design
Data
Data Trending
Trending and
and Tracking
Tracking
Connectivity
Connectivity
Addressing High Reliability

By Providing the Most Reliable OptiViewTM Control Center
Mini flash card

No battery backup required
Simple upgrade of software
Expert control management
State of the art control logic
(software control)
State of the art control hardware
User Friendly
Complete information on each
screen
Complete text / character
description of each data point
Screens designed based on real
chiller operator needs
11 languages

By Providing the Most Reliable OptiViewTM Control Center

By Providing a Unit Designed with Industrial Components
Single Stage Centrifugal Compressor
Open Drive technology
Air cooled motor to perform at all
lift conditions
Most flexible design on the market
Wide performance ranges
Ultra high efficiency compressors

Centrifugal compressors Impeller innovations
Shrouded impeller for high efficiency

Optimized aerodynamics package for
broader operating range
Single-stage compressor is a proven
efficiency performer!
YORK Shrouded Impeller
19XR Impeller
10
Competitor Unshrouded Impeller


Centrifugal compressors
SHAFT SEALS
GEARS
PRVs
IMPELLER

Proximity
Probe
COUPLING
GEAR SHAFT
MOTOR SHAFT

Proximity
Probe
COUP
LING
GEAR
SHAFT
MOTOR
SHAFT

Oil Lubrication System
Additional reservoir feeding oil
to the gears and bearings by
gravity in case of shortage of
power supply.
Oil heat exchanger
Variable Speed Oil pump
Oil heater w/ easy access
Oil filter

Evaporator Liquid Distributor
Located at the bottom of evaporator

Distribute low-temperature / lowpressure refrigerant evenly
throughout evaporator
Improves chiller efficiency
Evaporator Distributor

Stainless steel mist eliminator assembly
Located at the top of evaporator

Allows only refrigerant gas to
pass from the evaporator to the
compressor
As refrigerant moisture is
evaporated it collects in the
mesh and drops back down into
the evaporator to be boiled into
a gas

Condenser
Patterns vary with number of passes

Tube bundle cover the entire volume of the
condenser
Baffle or new gas inlet diffuser for distribution
of refrigerant gas
Diffuser offers efficiency

advantage

Patented Diffuser
Patented
Diffuser in top of
condenser
Patented Shape
recovers pressure
to improve chiller
performance

Subcooler Assembly
Located at the bottom of the condenser

Systems coldest water (cooling tower
return) passes through subcooler
tubes
Reduces refrigerant temperature as
much as possible before it passes
through variable orifice
This translates to lower energy
consumption
Sub-cooler

Sight Glasses (Cooler and Condenser)
Verify the Refrigerant

Charge level during the start
up.
See the condition of

refrigerant
Used as a diagnostic tool

-
Design based on industrial, critical installations equipment

Sophisticated controls keep chiller out of danger
- Auto surge protection
- Market leading diagnostic capabilities
Isolation valves
-
Valves supplied as standard on critical small

diameter piping
Open Motor Design

- Chiller protected from damage due to potential
motor burn out
- Field serviceable
Site glasses standard on all chillers for easy
diagnostics
5,000 service technicians located around the world

By Providing Skip Fin Tubes Design
Skip Fin Tubes
To minimize energy consumption,

water pressure and tube fouling
To help induce turbulent flow,
which yields better heat transfer
To provide supreme vibration
dampening to ensure maximum
tube life
A true differentiator!

By Providing Skip Fin Tubes Design
Skip Fin Tubes
Skip Fin

By Providing Data Trending in the OptiViewTM Control Center
Trending and Analysis

By Providing Data Trending in the OptiViewTM Control Center
Fault Reporting
Total Flexibility
Starter and drive options
Material & Accessories options
Open motor
Total Flexibility for a Better Application

Solid State Starter Options
-
Unit mounted low voltage

Unit mounted medium voltage
Floor mounted medium voltage
Benefits
- Full OptiView Communications

YORKTM OptiSpeedTM VSD
-
Unit mounted low voltage

- 460/575/600 V 60 hz
- 380/400 V 50 hz
Floor mounted medium voltage

- 2,300 to 13,800 V 60 hz
- 3,300 to 11,000 V 50 hz
Benefits
- Full OptiView Communications
- YORK patented Adaptive Capacity Control
- Self learning for maximum efficiency

Quick Start Technology
Total:
Time for a 500 Ton (1750 kW) Chiller
10 Minutes, 12 Seconds
at Low Load to Return to Specified

LCHWTAfter a 15 Second Power Failure
Return to
Setpoint
6 Minutes
3 Seconds
70%
Improv
ement
Total:
3 Minutes, 2 Seconds
Restart
3 Minutes
54 Seconds
2 Minutes
2 Seconds
45 Seconds
Standard Chiller
Quick Start Feature
Return to
Setpoint
Restart

Quick Start Technology
72 F 22.2 C
Time to Reach
Setpoint for 500
Ton (1750 kW)
Chiller
68 F 20 C
64 F 17.8 C
60 F 15.6 C
56 F 13.3 C
52 F 11.1 C
48 F 8.9 C
Low Load:
3 Minutes
2 Seconds
High Load:
5 Minutes
30 Seconds
Standard Chiller
at High Load:
13 Minutes
15
4

Options of Tubes and Corrosion Protection
-
Various material options to prevent corrosion / erosion and ensure

reliable operation
- Copper
- 90/10 CuNi
- SS
- Ti
Titanium Tubing
Product Protection
- Epoxy
- Ceramic
- Cladding
Ceramic Coating

YK Heat Recovery
-
Simultaneously cooling and heating

- reheat the air, preheat domestic hot water, process heat, control
humidity
Max leaving hot water = 110 F (43.3 C)
Operational savings
CO2 reductions
Reduced water consumption
Evap Tons 280-2800 Tons

(985-9850 kW)

By Providing Several Options of Components
Isolation Valves (optional)

Located between the compressor discharge & the condenser (shown
below), and at the variable orifice.
Allows isolation and storage of the

refrigerant charge in the chiller
during servicing, eliminating timeconsuming transfers to remote
storage vessels.

(Standard )
(optional )
With the dual oil filter option, there is a multi-port changeover

valve and manual shutoff valve.
This allows changing of one filter while the chiller is operating.

Eddy Current Testing (Optional)

Detects common defects/discontinuities of the tube.
Saves money and/or unscheduled downtime.
Provides baseline data.
Conducted by an independent company that specializes in ECT.
Factory eddy current testing is typically less than

half the cost of doing it in the field!

Marine Water Boxes (Optional)
Compact
Compact Water
Water Box
Box
The primary benefit with

marine water boxes is
serviceability.
By removing the water
box cover plate, chiller
tubes can easily be
accessed for cleaning.
Facility piping will not
need to be disconnected.
Marine
Marine Water
Water Box
Box (Optional)
(Optional)

Waterbox Hinges (Optional)

The primary benefit of
hinges is serviceability.
Hinges
Chiller tubes can easily

be accessed for cleaning.
Increased plant room
safety.
Hinges

Neoprene Pads (Standard)
Designed for 1/8 deflection.

Pads shipped loose for field installation.
The steel plate foot is factory installed.
Steel
Steel plate
plate foot
foot
The thickness of the foot is 3/4.

Steel plate
The deflected
height is 1.
Neoprene
Neoprene pad
pad assembly
assembly
Rubber pad

Spring isolators (Optional)
Designed for oneinch deflection.

Spring isolators and
bolts shipped loose
for field installation.
M
Moo
uunn
ttiinn
gg A
Asss
seem
mbb
llyy
Mounting
assemblies are
factory welded to the
chillers end sheets.
NOTE: Neither the
standard pads or the
standard springs are
designed for seismic
application. Seismic
pads/springs require an
SQ.

The Autogreaser is powered from the OptiView panel and initiates
each lube cycle based on chiller run time.

Motors can be furnished by the manufacturer with:
Winding Thermistors
Winding Stator RTDs (Resistance Temperature Detector)
Bearing RTDs (Resistance Temperature Detector)
Readings, alarms, and trips will be

viewable on the OptiView panel.
A separate remote monitor is not
required with the Motor Monitoring
Board.

Winding Thermistors:
One per phase,
imbedded in the stator
winding.
Will sense high motor
heat and shut down the
chiller.
Winding Stator RTDs:

Six RTDs, two per phase,
imbedded in the stator winding.
Designed to sense high motor
heat.
Bearing RTDs:
Two RTDs, one located at each
motor bearing.
Designed to sense high bearing
heat.

Two industrial Accelerometers are
mounted on the motor, one at each
bearing.
The vibration levels will display on the
OptiView.
Once the baseline is set, alarm and
trip levels are determined in the
OptiView.
The Motor Monitoring Board is

required when Accelerometers are
ordered.
Currently only available on YK
Mod G chillers only.
The YK Compressor Centrifugal Chiller
Capacity: 250 to 3,000 TR (880 10.550 kW)
Single stage, high efficiency, centrifugal compressor
Designed for real world energy performance
Variable speed drive technology
Refrigerant: HFC-134a
State of the art OptiviewTM Control Center
Excellent sound performance
Industrial construction for reliable, long life

operation
AHRI standard 550/590 certified and rated
Question Period
THANK YOU
YK Centrifugal Chillers Appendix

The Operating Envelope Austin,TX Weather Example : Zone 2A
97.5%
105-95
85-75
65-55
45-35
20-10


The Operating Envelope Yuma,AZ Weather Example : Zone 2B
99.4%
120-110
100-90
80-70
60-50
40-30


The Operating Envelope Atlanta, GA Weather Example : Zone 3A
99.8%
105-95
80-70
60-50
40-30
15-05


The Operating Envelope Los Angeles, CA Weather Example : Zone 3B
99.9%
105-95
80-70
60-50
40-30


The Operating Envelope New York, NY Weather Example : Zone 4A
99.8%
105-95
80-70
60-50
40-30
10- 0


The Operating Envelope Chicago, IL Weather Example : Zone 5A
99.2%
100-90
75-65
55-45
35-25
10- 0


The Operating Envelope Las Vegas, NV Weather Example : Zone 5B
98.0%
115-105
90-80
75-65
50-40
25-15


The Operating Envelope Milwaukee, WI Weather Example : Zone 6A
99.6%
100-90
75-65
55-45
35-25
10- 0


The Operating Envelope Boise , ID Weather Example : Zone 6B
99.7%
110-100
85-75
65-55
45-35
20-10


The Operating Envelope Anchorage, AK Weather Example : Zone 7
99.9%
85-75
60-50
40-30
20-10
-5- -15


The Operating Envelope Fairbanks, AK Weather Example : Zone 8
99.6%
90-80
65-55
45-35
25-15
0- -10

YK Centrifugal OptiView Control Center Samples
THANK YOU

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Centrifugal Chillers in Todays Complex Buildings

Vertical Markets for Centrifugal Chillers & Trends

System Overview of YK Centrifugal Chillers

Key Benefits of YK Centrifugal Chillers

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Water Cooled Solutions Product Offering

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Centrifugal Chillers in Todays Complex Buildings

Water Usage and Costs

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Centrifugal Chillers in Todays Complex Buildings

Energy Usage of Typical Commercial Building

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Commercial Building Primary Energy Consumption Breakdown

Centrifugal Chillers in Todays Complex Buildings

Total HVAC System

Total Chiller Plant Energy Use

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Centrifugal Chillers in Todays Complex Buildings

Johnson Controls, Inc. 2012

Centrifugal Chillers in Todays Complex Buildings

CO2 from automotive and

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Direct effect: refrigerant gas emitted

Centrifugal Chillers in Todays Complex Buildings

CO2 from automotive and

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Direct effect: refrigerant gas emitted

Indirect effect: CO2 emissions from

Centrifugal Chillers in Todays Complex Buildings

Between 1990 and 2000, public water

Johnson Controls, Inc. 2012

Centrifugal Chillers in Todays Complex Buildings

Johnson Controls, Inc. 2012

Centrifugal Chillers in Todays Complex Buildings

Central Plant Automation (CPO)

Source: Optimum Energy

Johnson Controls, Inc. 2012

Centrifugal Chillers in Todays Complex Buildings

Central Plant Automation (CPO)

Johnson Controls, Inc. 2012

Johnson Controls, Inc. 2012

Centrifugal Chillers in Todays Complex Buildings

Vertical Market for large equipment:

Johnson Controls, Inc. 2012

Centrifugal Chillers in Todays Complex Buildings

Tenant Metering and Billing are a challenge for D.C. in Mid-East

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Centrifugal Chillers in Todays Complex Buildings

Central Utility Plant *

(Higher Education , Hospital & Government, Airport)

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Centrifugal Chillers in Todays Complex Buildings

Central Utility Plant

Multiple customers pay a single

Cooling providers and consumers

Ex: City Chilled Water Distribution Company

Johnson Controls, Inc. 2012

Ex: University Campus

Centrifugal Chillers in Todays Complex Buildings