CREATING A SAFETY

PROGRAM
for
YOUR SMALL BUSINESS

HCA

Pre Course Quiz

What is an incident?___________________________________________________________
Power tools must be fitted with guards and safety switches. True or False
Employees attitude may affect safety . True or False
Fall protection is required any time you use a ladder over 6 feet. True or False
Employees are must take personal responsibility for their safety, their co-workers and others on a
jobsite. True or False
6. MSDSs are required for most chemicals used at a worksite and should be kept locked up in the
supervisors office for Safety. True or False
7. Guard rails should be installed along all open sides and ends of platforms. True or False
8. When setting up goals for safety on a worksite the acceptable number of incidents should be set
at___________. (give a number)
9. If a fatality happens on a jobsite due to negligence, unsafe conditions, etc. Who is usually responsible
and held accountable? Owner of company, Supervisor, Co-worker. Circle one
10.Safety rules and guidelines and must always be written. True or False
11.It is OSHAs responsibility to establish and implement a written hazard communication program. True
or False
12.Approximately 32 million workers work with or are potentially exposed to chemical hazards. True or
False
13.MSDSs are printed on a mandatory standard OSHA form.
14.PPE is usually an optional step for employees in dealing with hazardous chemicals. True or False
15.HazCom is commonly referred to as Right to know True or False
16.What is a Near Miss?_____________________________Do these need to be reported and investigated? True
or False
17.Employers are responsible to pay for all PPE for their employees. True or False
18.Safety Inspections should be conducted on all sites at least yearly. True or False
19.OSHA mandates First aid and CPR training for workers on sites. True or False
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Four Elements Of a Workplace

Safety Program
Element #1 - Management,
Leadership and Employee Involvement.
Element #2, 3 Worksite Analysis and
Hazard Prevention and Control.
Element #4 Safety and Health
Training and Education.

ELEMENT #1
Management/Leadership/Employee
Involvement
Employer and employee involvement and
communication on workplace-safety and
health issues are essential.
Post the companys written safety and
health policy for all to see.
Involve all employees in policy making on
safety and health issues.
Everyone must take an active part in
Safety Activities.

Management/Leadership/Employee
Involvement

What is Workplace Safety?

Definition: The process of
protecting employees from work
related illness and injury. It
starts by the development of a
company Environmental, Safety
and Health Policy statement and
implementation of a work place
safety plan and program.

Ac-ci-dent (ak-si-duhnt)
noun

1. an unexpected
unplanned,
uncontrollable,
and undesirable
event.

Ac-ci-dent (ak-si-duhnt)

2. an unexpected
unplanned,
and undesirable event.
accidents can be controlled

Basic Principles of Good Safety

Management

Management Commitment
Documented Safety Philosophy
Safety Goals and Objectives
Committee Organization for Safety
Line Responsibility for Safety
Supportive Safety Staff
Rules and Procedures
Audits
Safety Communications
Safety Training
Accident Investigations
Motivation

Management/Leadership/Employee
Involvement
We must promote the goal of ZERO
INCIDENT PERFORMANCE through planning.
Safety Goals must be Communicated- They
must be Realistic and they need to reflect
the Safety Culture of your organization.
Your Safety Culture requires strong
commitment from the top and Safety must
truly be the #1 priority. It must become an
integral part of your business and Safety
must become EVERYONEs responsibility.

Basic Safety
Philosophy

Every Incident can be avoided.

No Job is worth getting hurt for.
Every job will be done safely.
Incidents can be managed.
Safety is Everyones Responsibility.
Safety/Best manufacturing practices
Safety standards, procedures and
practices must be developed.
Training- Everyone must understand
AND meet the requirements.
Working Safely is a Condition of
Employment

Benefits of a Zero Incident Safety

Policy

Safety standards are communicated to all employees.

Responsibilities for implementing standards are understood
and accepted
Records will document how standards and Best
Management Practices are met.
Internal management control
Cost Avoidance
Improved Quality
Better Productivity
Team Building
Unsafe behavior stands out
Unsafe behavior is Unacceptable
Safe Work is influenced through peer pressure
Consistent planning and task execution

Key Safety Principles

Working Safely is a condition of
employment.
Each employee is expected to give
consideration to the prevention of injury to self
and co-workers.
Involvement and thinking of all people in the
safety process is valued and expected.
Continual Improvement is the goal.
Individuals and teams must be recognized for
their adherence to and advancement of safety.

Maintaining an Incident Free

Environment
Shared Vision
Cultural Alignment
Focus on Incident Control
Upstream Systems
Feedback
Maintain the 4 As
Cultural Change
Commitment

What a Safety Statement might look

like
(This is an EXERCISE)
It is the intent of XYZ Industries to provide a safe work environment for all
our workers and the wellness of our people, families and communities. We
embrace healthy habits and behaviors. It is also our intent to properly
manage any incidents that occur so as to minimize injury and other forms of
loss. A well managed workplace safety program can benefit our company in
countless ways. In order for XYZ Industries to achieve our goals, we have
developed a safety program outlining our policies and procedures regarding
employee health and safety. Each and every individual must become
familiar with the program, follow and enforce the procedures, and become
an active participant in this workplace safety program.
While management (workplace safety officer and safety committee) will be
responsible for developing and organizing this program, its success will
depend on the
involvement of each employee. We look forward to your
cooperation
and participation.

Implementing Your Workplace

Safety Program

Use of Inspections, surveillances, incident reporting,

AHAs
Investigations, corrective actions, provide Safety
leadership

Workplace Safety Program

Purpose- To reduce work-related injury & illness
Content- The program should include any policy,
procedure, training that protects workers from
work-related injury and illness while on the job.
Concerns- Promote & reward safe practices at
work, reducing injuries & illnesses at work and
eliminating fatalities at work.

Co-Workers Affect Each others Safety

Employees health and safety are affected not only
by their own actions but by those of their coworkers.
Senior management must:
Help employees manage hazards associated with
their work (tasks or responsibilities). They must
determine that employees are fit for work. Fitness
involves: drug and alcohol issues, physical and
emotional well being, and fatigue and stress.

Create Ownership of the program

Workers need to be involved in the creation and use of the
workplace safety program for it to succeed.
For Example:

Your company is responsible for supplying appropriate safety

equipment, but employees are responsible for wearing
personal protective equipment at the appropriate time and
place.
Your company should provide training to help employees carry
out their assignments, but workers are responsible for
attending this training, asking questions and telling
supervisors if they do not understand what is being explained.

Allow for Continuous Improvement

In workplace safety and health, continuous
improvement is about:
Seeking better ways to work
Measuring performance
Reporting against set targets
Evaluating compliance with procedures, standards
and regulations
Understanding the causes of incidents and injuries
and
Openly acknowledging and promptly correcting
deficiencies.

Measuring Performance
Performance can be measured by:

Reduction in frequency of lost-time injury

Reduction in frequency of medical treatment
(beyond first-aid care) injury.
Reduction in number of sick days used
Lower workers compensation costs
Lower medical benefits payments ( doctors
visits, prescription drugs)

OSHA (29 CFR,1970) covers nearly all

employees
The general duty clause reads Each employer
shall furnisha place of employment which is
free from recognized hazards that are causing or
are likely to cause death or serious physical harm
to his employees.
Need to communicate employees rights under
the OSHA Act, including the right to file a
complaint free from discrimination and explain
the elements of a valid complaint.

Employees Rights under OSHA Act

Get training from your employer on chemicals you are exposed to during your work and
information on how to protect yourself from harm. Employers must establish a comprehensive,
written hazard communication program (Chemical Hazard Communication) Your employer must
label chemical containers, make material safety data sheets with detailed hazard information
available to employees, and train you about the health effects of the chemicals you work with
and what the employer is doing and what you can do to protect yourself from these hazards.
The program must list the hazardous chemicals in each work area, how the employer will inform
employees of the hazards of non-routine tasks (for example, the cleaning of reactor vessels),
and hazards associated with chemicals in unlabeled pipes and how the employer will inform
other employers at a multi-employer worksite of the hazards to which their employees may be
exposed.
Get training from your employer on a variety of other health and safety hazards and standards
that your employer must follow. These include lockout-tagout, bloodborne pathogens,
confined spaces, construction hazards and a variety of other subjects.
Access relevant exposure and medical records. (29 CFR 1910.1020)

Employees Rights under OSHA Act

Request information from your employer on safety and health hazards in your
workplace, chemicals used in your workplace, tests your employer has done to
measure chemical, noise and radiation levels, precautions you should take and
procedures to be followed if you or other employees are involved in an incident or are
exposed to hazardous chemicals or other toxic substances.
Request copies of appropriate standards, rules, regulations and requirements that
your employer should have available at the workplace.
Review the Log and Summary of Occupational Injuries and Illnesses (OSHA 300) at a
reasonable time and in a reasonable manner or have an authorized representative do
so for you. (29 CFR 1904.7)
Access relevant exposure and medical records. (29 CFR 1910.1020)

Employees Rights under OSHA Act

Employers must inform you of the existence, location and availability of your medical
and exposure records when you first begin employment and at least annually
thereafter. Employers also must provide these records to you or your designated
representatives within 15 working days of your request.
When an employer plans to stop doing business and there is no successor employer
to receive and maintain these records, the employer must notify you of your right of
access to records at least 3 months before the employer ceases to do business.
Observe any monitoring or measuring of toxic materials or chemicals, as well as
harmful physical agents, such as noise, and see the resulting records. If the exposure
levels are above the OSHA limit, the employer must tell you what will be done to
reduce the exposure -- the right to observe monitoring exists only where monitoring is
performed pursuant to a standard that provides employees with the right to observe.

REQUEST ACTION FROM YOUR EMPLOYER TO CORRECT HAZARDS OR

VIOLATIONS.

Employees Rights under OSHA Act

You may ask your employer to correct hazards even if they are not violations of
specific OSHA standards. Be sure to keep copies of any requests you make to your
employer to correct hazards.

FILE A COMPLAINT WITH OSHA if you believe that there are either violations of OSHA
standards or serious workplace hazards.
File a complaint and request OSHA to conduct an inspection if you believe serious
workplace hazards or violations of standards exist in your workplace. You can
file a complaint online , in writing, by telephone or fax . If you want an OSHA inspector
to come inspect your workplace, put your complaint in writing and send it to the
OSHA office nearest you. (OSH Act, Section 8), (29 CFR 1903.11)
Request in your written complaint that OSHA keep your name confidential if you do
not want your employer to know who filed the complaint. (OSH Act, Section 8)

BE INVOLVED IN OSHA'S INSPECTION of your workplace.

Employees Rights under OSHA Act

Have an authorized employee representative (such as a union representative)
accompany the OSHA compliance officer during the inspection tour. (OSH Act,
Section 8), (29 CFR 1903.8)
The authorized employee representative has a right to accompany an OSHA
compliance officer (also referred to as a compliance safety and health officer
(CSHO) or inspector) during an inspection. Under no circumstances may the
employer choose the workers' representative.
Where there is no union or employee representative, the OSHA inspector
must talk confidentially with a reasonable number of workers during the
course of the investigation.
Respond to questions from the compliance officer and tell the compliance
officer about workplace hazards, particularly if there is no authorized
employee representative accompanying the compliance officer on the
inspection "walkaround." (OSH Act, Section 8)

Employees Rights under OSHA Act

You and your coworkers have a right to talk privately and confidentially to the compliance officer whether or
not a workers' representative has been chosen.

You may point out hazards, describe injuries or illnesses or near misses that resulted from those hazards
and describe past complaints about hazards. Inform the inspector if working conditions are not normal
during the inspection. Make sure that the inspector is aware if equipment has been shut down, windows
opened or other conditions changed from normal.
FIND OUT RESULTS OF AN OSHA INSPECTION.
Find out the results of OSHA inspections and request a review if OSHA decides not to issue a citation.
If health hazards are present in your workplace, a special OSHA health inspection may be conducted by an
industrial hygienist. This OSHA inspector may take samples to measure levels of chemicals or other hazardous
materials.
OSHA will let the employee representative know whether your employer is in compliance. The inspector also will
gather detailed information about your employer's efforts to control health hazards, including results of tests your
employer may have conducted.

Employees Rights under OSHA Act

GET INVOLVED in any meetings or hearings to discuss any objections your employer has to
OSHA's citations or to changes in abatement deadlines.
File a discrimination complaint (under Section 11(c) of the OSH Act) within 30 days if you are
punished or discriminated against for exercising your safety and health rights or for refusing to
work (not guaranteed by the OSH Act) when faced with an imminent danger of death or serious
injury and there is insufficient time for OSHA to inspect.
REQUEST A RESEARCH INVESTIGATION ON POSSIBLE WORKPLACE HEALTH HAZARDS.
Contact the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) to request a
health hazard evaluation if you are concerned about toxic effects of a substance in the
workplace.
PROVIDE COMMENTS AND TESTIMONY TO OSHA during rulemaking on new standards.

Employees Rights under OSHA Act

File an appeal of the deadlines that OSHA sets for your employer to correct any violation in
the citation issued to the employer. Write to the OSHA Area Director within 15 working days
from the date the employer posts the notice requesting on extension of the abatement
deadline if you feel the time is too long. (29 CFR 1903.17)
FILE A DISCRIMINATION COMPLAINT.
File a discrimination complaint (under Section 11(c) of the OSH Act) within 30 days if you are
punished or discriminated against for exercising your safety and health rights or for refusing to
work (not guaranteed by the OSH Act) when faced with an imminent danger of death or
serious injury and there is insufficient time for OSHA to inspect.
REQUEST A RESEARCH INVESTIGATION ON POSSIBLE WORKPLACE HEALTH
HAZARDS.
Contact the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) to request a
health hazard evaluation if you are concerned about toxic effects of a substance in the
workplace.

PROVIDE COMMENTS AND TESTIMONY TO OSHA during rulemaking on new standards.

Occupational Safety and

Health Program Includes

COMPLIANCE WITH STANDARDS

ANNUAL OSH INSPECTIONS
ABATEMENT OF HAZARDS
PROCEDURES TO REPORT HAZARDS
WITHOUT FEAR OF REPRISAL
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY & HEALTH TRAINING
ACCIDENT REPORTING & INVESTIGATIONS
HEALTH SURVEILLANCE PROGRAMS
PERFORMANCE EVALUATIONS

Management Leadership and Employee

Involvement in S&H Issues
Your plan should include statements on the value of
workplace safety and why management is
committed to it.
A list of locations where written safety and health
policies are posted for all employees to see.
A schedule of when and where regular meetings are
held that address employee safety and health
issues.
A stipulation that abiding by all safety and health
rules is a condition of employment.

Workplace Safety Training

Staff member training and education about safety
rules and their responsibilities in the workplace
will pay off in a safer and healthier workforce.
Remember: the health and safety of employees are
affected not only by their own actions but by
those of co-workers.
Ensure that everyone in the workplace is properly
trained: managers, supervisors all full and part
time and temporary workers.
Make sure no one does any job that appears
unsafe.

Workplace Safety Training

Hold emergency preparedness drills for workers.
Include nature of drill and expectations for
employees during the drill.
Pay close attention to employees learning new
operations to make sure they have the proper job
skills and awareness of the hazards.
Expectations must be provided in the trainings.
Supervisors and managers must be trained to
recognize hazards and understand their
responsibilities. Provide them with guidelines for
reporting and correcting hazards.

Workplace Safety Training

Supervisors and managers are:
Responsible for daily monitoring of workplace
safety practices.
Accountable for mentoring, advising and
counseling staff members who are not performing
up to written policies and expectations.
Authorized to recommend a staff member for
remedial training in a skill or on a machine or in
attitude, as required.

Supervisors Responsibilities

SET EXAMPLE
KNOW, COMMUNICATE, AND ENFORCE STANDARDS
OBSERVE EMPLOYEES WORKING
ANALYZE & DISCUSS SAFETY HAZARDS
COMMUNICATE WITH YOUR EMPLOYEES
FOLLOW UP WITH YOUR EMPLOYEES
TRAIN ALL EMPLOYEES ON RULES & PROCEDURES
CONDUCT INSPECTIONS
ACKNOWLEDGE SAFETY BEHAVIOR
INVESTIGATE & REPORT ACCIDENTS
CORRECT UNSAFE UNHEALTHFUL CONDITIONS

Supervisors Responsibilities
INFORM ALL EMPLOYEES BEFORE THEIR
INITIAL ASSIGNMENT OR WHEN A NEW
HAZARDOUS CHEMICAL IS INTRODUCED
INTO THEIR WORK AREA- (Hazardous
Communication Standard)
TRAIN EMPLOYEES HOW TO:
IDENTIFY AND PROTECT THEMSELVES FROM
CHEMICAL HAZARDS
RECOGNIZE THE PHYSICAL AND HEALTH
HAZARDS OF CHEMICALS IN THEIR AREA
OBTAIN AND USE THE MSDS
DOCUMENT ALL TRAINING!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

8 BASIC HAZARD COMMUNICATION

REQUIREMENTS
DETERMINE
HAZARDS
COMPOSE MSDS
PROVIDE
CUSTOMERS WITH
MSDS AND
WARNING LABELS
KEEP MSDS ON FILE
AND ACCESSIBLE

LABEL CONTAINERS
DO NOT REMOVE
OR DEFACE LABELS
INFORM AND TRAIN
EMPLOYEES
WRITTEN HAZCOM
PROGRAM

Take an Active part in Safety Activities

COMPLY WITH Occupational
Safety & Health STANDARDS
REPORT WORKPLACE
HAZARDS
REPORT TO SUPERVISOR
ILLNESSES/ INJURIES OR
PROPERTY DAMAGE
RESULTING FROM
INCIDENT IMMEDIATELY!!

Take an Active part in Safety Activities

Actively participate in the daily safety
meetings.
Supervision should encourage
employees to lead in regular safety
meetings.
Provide input in the development,
review and suggestions of
improvements to safe work
procedures, AHAs, SOPs, and in
incident report investigations,
corrective actions and lessons
learned, safety committee.

Take an Active part in Safety

Activities
Safety must be everyones concern. In most small
companies the role of a workplace safety coordinator
can be incorporated into someones job description.
In larger groups a safety director, officer or manager
is usually in charge of the workplace safety program
and appoints or sets up a safety committee to assist
in implementing the safety program.
Committees can be made up of many different
people with different resources and abilities.

Take an Active part in Safety

Activities
Encourage employees to lead and participate in the
Daily Safety Meetings.
Taking personal actions and working directly with
supervisors to identify, control, or eliminate potential
safety hazards.
Reporting of all injuries, near misses or accidents
immediately.
Involvement in incident/accident investigations
corrective actions and sharing Lessons Learned.

Accident/Incident Investigations
Today we want to look at:

Goals of Accident Investigation

Securing the Accident Scene
Root-Cause Analysis
The importance of Investigative
Interviews
Assisting in Accident Investigations
Reporting Near Misses
The Role of Policies, equipment and
training on Accident Prevention.

REVIEW
All injuries can be prevented
Management is responsible for preventing
injuries
Working safely is a condition of
employment
Training employees to work safely is
essential and everyone must be involved.
Prevention of personal injuries is good
business (and good science!)

Four Elements Of a Workplace

Safety Program
Element 1 - Management, Leadership
and Employee Involvement.
Element 2, 3 Worksite Analysis and
Hazard Prevention and Control.
Element 4 Safety and Health
Training and Education

Element #2 - Worksite Analysis

Analyze all workplace conditions to identify and eliminate existing or

potential hazards.
An outline of the procedure for reporting hazards
Perform analysis on a regular and timely basis.
Make certain all employees know and understand current hazard analysis
for all jobs and processes.
Focus workplace design on all physical aspects of the work environment,
including the following:

Size and arrangement of work space

Physical demands of the tasks to be performed
Design of tools and other devices people use

The fundamental goal of a workplace design is to improve peoples ability

to be productive, without error or accident, for extended time periods.
Proper workplace design improves both safety and productivity.
We want to eliminate hazards during the design or planning stages of a
project
Review incident causes, inspection results to help identify trends
Knowledge of Emergency Response Plans and procedures and participation
in drills

Identifying and Evaluating Potential

Hazards
SAFETY
AUDITS
/
INSPECTIONS
Purpose - Inspection of work areas and audits of safety programs are tools that can

be used to identify problems and hazards before these conditions result in accidents
or injuries. Audits also help to identify the effectiveness of safety program
management and can be used as a guide to assure regulatory compliance and a safe
workplace.

Responsibilities
Management
Design and schedule audit and inspection procedures for all work areas, processes
and procedures.
Conduct routine audits and inspections
Ensure audits are conducted by employees who understand the various safety
programs and policies
Supervisors
conduct informal daily safety inspections and ensure all unsafe conditions are
corrected
conduct documented weekly inspections and ensure all unsafe conditions are
corrected

Corrections
All safety deficiencies found during audits and inspections should be corrected as
soon as possible. Documentation of corrections should be made on the audit or
inspection sheet. And conditions that present a hazards are to be corrected or
controlled immediately.

Identifying and Evaluating Potential

Hazards
SAFETY AUDITS / INSPECTIONS

Types of Inspections

Supervisor & Management Daily Walk-through: this is an undocumented

inspection that is made daily prior to startup and shift change to ensure the facility
and equipment are in safe conditions for Employees. All noted unsafe areas are
placed in a safe condition prior to Employees working in the area.
Weekly Supervisor Inspections are conducted and recorded with a Employee.
This documented inspection provides a focus to ensure current hazard controls are
still effective, equipment is in safe condition and safe work practices are in use.
Discrepancies are listed on the inspection sheet, recorded on work orders for
correction. The inspection sheet is forwarded to the Safety Manager for review and
logging to track discrepancy correction.
Monthly Safety Committee Inspection. Each month members of the Safety
Committee will tour the entire facility with the Safety Manager. This tour is to
ensure Safety Committee Members are familiar with all areas of the operation.
Record of problem areas, committee recommendations and deficiencies will be
recorded and provided to management.
Noise Surveys are conducted at least annually, or whenever facility
modifications are made that impact the ambient or specific work area noise levels,
Noise surveys are conducted by qualified persons with calibrated instruments

Identifying and Evaluating

Potential Hazards
SAFETY AUDITS / INSPECTIONS
Equipment Inspections
Are conducted to ensure specific safety equipment
is in good working order and will function when
needed. Examples and frequencies are:
All construction equipment - Daily prior to use (use form and file)
Sprinkler Inspection - Monthly
Boiler Checks- Daily, Weekly , Monthly, Yearly
Emergency Lighting Test - Monthly
Fire Extinguisher Inspections - Monthly
Safety Equipment Inventories - Monthly
Emergency Lighting 90 Min. Test - Semiannually
Respirator Inspections- Before / After Use (Monthly at a minimum)
Hand tools Daily
Scaffolding Daily

Regularly and thoroughly maintain

equipment and vehicles.

Fire Extinguisher INSPECTIONS

Daily Hand Tool - INSPECTIONS

Identifying and Evaluating Potential

Hazards
SAFETY AUDITS / INSPECTIONS

Program Audits are conducted to check the administration of

specific safety and health programs. Program Audits of the
following shall be conducted annually.
Accident Prevention
Fire Prevention
Material Handling
Flammable Material Storage
Lockout-Tagout
Hazard Communication
Personal Protective Equipment
Confined Space Entry
Asbestos Controls
Boiler Safety
Bloodborne Pathogens
Contractor Safety
Electrical Safety
Tool Safety
Hot Work
Respiratory Protection

Site Safety Inspections

CONSTRUCTION SUPERVISOR SAFETY INSPECTION CHECKLIST
Date:

Job No.(s):

Location:

Crew Member:

Supervisor:

ITEM

COMMENTS/CORRECTIVE
ACTION

Housekeeping (Garbage, cleanliness, electrical cords,

ladders)

Drinking water/ sanitation requirements/first aid kit

Electrical (such as proper grounding, lock & tag and

GFCI [good condition, inspected])

Proper personal protective equipment (PPE)

Walking/working surfaces (tripping hazards, slippery

surfaces, floor holes)

Electrical tools (guards in place; good condition, stored

properly)

Cranes/ rigging equipment (for example: slings,

properly stored and inspected)

Excavation (properly sloped or shored; permits;

inspections; barricaded daily)

Site Safety Inspections

Flammables/combustibles (fire extinguishers, welding and cutting
equipment)

Hot work (Personal Protective Equipment, permit, combustibles,

flammables protected)

Material Safety Data Sheets onsite with containers labeled

Scaffold system fully assembled; tags; inspections; fully planked

guardrails

Proper barricading/ warning signs (trenches, fuel areas, storage

construction sites)

Fire extinguishers (monthly inspection, accessible, on mechanized

equipment)

COMMENTS:

Identifying and Evaluating Potential

Hazards
SAFETY
AUDITS
/
INSPECTIONS
It is every employees responsibility to be on the lookout for possible

hazards. Report Immediately:

Slippery floors and walkways open holes in floors
Tripping hazards, such as hose links, piping, extension cords, etc.
Missing (or inoperative) entrance and exit signs and lighting
Poorly lighted stairs
Loose handrails or guard rails
Open, loose or broken windows
Dangerously piled supplies or equipment (HOUSEKEEPING), OILY RAGS
Unlocked doors and gates
Electrical equipment left operating, frayed cords, no LOTO, Panel doors left open,
blocked access to electrical panels
Leaks of steam, water, oil other liquids, Roof leaks
Blocked aisles Blocked fire doors
Blocked fire extinguishers, sprinkler heads, Evidence of smoking in non-smoking
areas
Evidence of any equipment running hot or overheating
Safety devices not operating properly Warning Signs Not In Place
Machine, power transmission, or drive guards missing, damaged, loose or
improperly placed

Work Place Analysis thru

Hazardous Commmunication
Identification and Training
The OSHA Standard
32 million workers work with or are exposed to one
or more chemical hazards.
Are an estimated 650,000 existing chemical products
and this poses a serious problem for exposed workers.
OSHA issued the Hazard Communication standard 29
CFR 1910.1200, to address this issue.
Hazardous Communication standard is based on a
simple concept; that employees have both a need
and a RIGHT TO KNOW the hazards and identities of
the chemicals they are exposed to when working.

Hazard Communication
Safety Training

OSHAs Hazard Communication standard gives

employees the right to know about chemical hazards
in the workplace. Employers have an obligation to
provide employees with training, information, Personal
Protective Equipment and other safety measures
dealing with chemical hazards.
Employees need to remember to:
o Take training seriously and pay attention
o Read labels and Material Safety Data Sheets
o Know where to find the Material Safety Data Sheets
o Use appropriate Personal Protective Equipment
o Know correct emergency procedures
o Use safe work Habits

Element #3 - Hazard Prevention

and Control
Regularly and thoroughly maintain equipment
and vehicles. (we just looked at equipment
Inspections)
Ensure that employees know how to use and
maintain personal protective equipment (PPE)
Train employees in proper procedures for
handling specific situations
Monitoring for air quality, heat stress, noise,
ergonomics and other job hazards
Emergency Action Plans and procedures - Fire,
life safety and first aid issues

Standard Operating
Procedures

Standard Operating
Procedures

Drug Free workplace

Recognition and Awards
Audits and Surveillances
Incident Reporting & Investigation
Lessons Learned
General Safety SOPs- Lets
discuss

Ensure that employees know how to

use and maintain personal protective
equipment (PPE)

Protecting Employees
from Workplace Hazards
Employers must protect employees from
hazards such as falling objects, harmful
substances, and noise exposures that can cause
injury.
Employers must:
Use all feasible engineering and work practice
controls to eliminate and reduce hazards.
Use personal protective equipment (PPE) if
the controls dont eliminate the hazards.
PPE is the last level of control!

Engineering Controls
If . . .
The work environment can be physically
changed to prevent employee exposure
to the potential hazard,

Then . . .
The hazard can be eliminated with an
engineering control.

Work Practice/ Administrative

Controls
If . . .
Employees can change the way they do
their jobs and the exposure to the
potential hazard is removed,

Then . . .
The hazard can be eliminated with a
work practice or administrative control.
Remember PPE is the last level of control!

Examples of PPE
Body Part

Protection

1926 Subpart E, Personal protective and

life saving equipment
1926.95, Criteria for personal protective
equipment
1926.96, Occupational foot protection
1926.100, Head protection
1926.101, Hearing protection
1926.102, Eye and face protection
1926.103, Respiratory protection
1926.104, Safety belts, lifelines, and lanyards
1926.105, Safety nets
1926.106, Working over or near water

P.P.E. COMPLIANCE
IT IS THE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE
EMPLOYEE,
SUPERVISOR AND
HEALTH AND SAFETY REPRESENTATIVE
TO ENSURE THAT PERSONAL
PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT IS CORRECTLY
CHECKED, STORED AND MAINTAINED!

P.P.E. COMPLIANCE
Employer
Assess workplace for hazards
Provide PPE
Determine when to use
Provide PPE training for employees and
instruction in proper use
Employee
- Use PPE in accordance with training
received and other instructions.
- Inspect daily and maintain in a clean and
reliable condition.

Establishing a PPE
Program
Procedures for selecting, providing,
training, and using PPE as part of an
employers routine operation
Assess the workplace to determine
if hazards are present, or are likely
to be present, which necessitate
the use of PPE
Select the proper PPE
Train employees who are required
to use the PPE

Training
Employees required to use PPE
must be trained to know at least
the following:
Why training is necessary?
When PPE is necessary
How will it protect them?
What are its limitations?
What type of PPE is necessary?
How to properly put on, take off, adjust
and wear the PPE

Training
Proper care and
maintenance of the
PPE
How to clean and
disinfect?
How to identify
signs of wear?
What is its useful
life & how is it
disposed?

Who Pays for PPE?

On November 14, 2007, OSHA
announced a new rule requiring
employers to pay for almost all
personal protective equipment that is
required by OSHAs general industry,
construction, and maritime standards.
Many employers already pay for
approximately 95% of the employees
PPE.

Who Pays for PPE?

Employee-owner PPE and replacement PPE:
When an employee provides his/her own
PPE, the employer must ensure that the
equipment is adequate to protect the
employee from hazards at the workplace.
The employer is required to pay for
replacement PPE used to comply with OSHA
standards.
However, when an employee has lost or
intentionally damaged PPE, the employer is
not required to pay for its replacement.

PPE Summary
Employers must implement a PPE program where
they:

Assess the workplace for hazards.

Use engineering and work practice controls to
eliminate or reduce hazards before using PPE.
Select appropriate PPE to protect employees from
hazards that cannot be eliminated.
Inform employees why the PPE is necessary, how
and when it must be worn.
Train employees how to use and care for their PPE,
including how to recognize deterioration and failure.
Require employees to wear selected PPE.

Emergency Action Plans and Procedures - Fire, life

safety and first aid issues

CONTIGENCY PLAN FOR SEVERE WEATHER & OTHER EMERGENCY RESPONSE

SITUATIONS
An emergency response plan is a living document and will be changed as conditions and
personnel change. It will be the responsibility of the HS manager to update the Emergency
plan and to keep the material current.

I.
INTRODUCTION
This plan provides guidance to employees at the MECT 3&4 site and future buildings
concerning emergency actions and provides a clear statement of required employee responses
during an emergency.
II.
REPORTING AN EMERGENCY
The person who discovers an emergency should use any of the following methods for prompt
notification:
1.
Telephone: (554-4713) or 911 and then (Dave Wells 383-7051 ECC H&S)
2.
Sound blast horn - 3 blasts to notify evacuation to Rally point by the
III.
PROTECTIVE ACTIONS
1.
Sheltering-in-place. Sheltering-in-place is the primary protective action in response to
most hazardous material releases. Notification of sheltering-in-place normally will be
announced over the emergency notification system. Sheltering-in-place requires employees to:
Go indoors immediately.
Close all windows and doors.
Turn off all sources of outdoor air (fans, air conditioners, ventilation system).

Emergency Action Plans and Procedures - Fire, life

safety and first aid issues

In addition to Fires, and

medical emergencies we also
need to address:
Different severe weather
conditions Tornadoes, Hurricanes,
lightning, earthquake, floods, etc.
Bomb Threats
Violent Employee or Site Shooter

Four Elements Of a Workplace

Safety Program
Element 1 - Management, Leadership
and Employee Involvement.
Element 2, 3 Worksite Analysis and
Hazard Prevention and Control.
Element 4 Safety and Health
Training and Education

Establishing a Safety and Health

Training Program
Today we are going to look at:
New Employee Orientation View an actual
Orientation film
Activity Hazard Analysis for every task
performed and how to write them.
A Written Safety Program What it should look
like.
Trade or equipment specific safety training.
OSHA 10 -30 hour Training Classes
First Aid /CPR/AED/Blood Borne Pathogen

New Employee
Orientation
Needs to include:
Emergency Contacts- emergency plan, evacuation procedures, meeting
places
When & where daily safety meetings are held
Deal w/ Harassment, Fighting, Horseplay Zero Tolerance- Removal from site
Firearms, weapons, drugs or alcohol prohibited & site testing policies
Hazard Communications
Employee Responsibilities- Report ALL Accidents, no matter how slight this allows for prompt medical attention, and investigation and elimination of
the cause that may place others in harm's way.
Accidents must be reported to Employee's immediate supervisor and ECC
personnel.
Immediately correct or report any unsafe condition or hazard noted in the
workplace.
Employees must support the Zero Accident philosophy to assist us to provide
an injury free workplace.
Employees are responsible to ask questions when they do not understand.
Lack of knowledge is the greatest cause of accidents in the workplace.
Report to work "FIT FOR DUTY"
Report the use of prescription medication that may have an effect on their

New Employee
Orientation
Needs to include:
Personal Protective Equipment Requirements
Required Work Clothing
Rigging
Fall Protection 100% at all times when there is fall potential of 6 feet or
more
Scaffolding
Fork Lift, Scissor and Boom Lift Operation requirements
LOCKOUT/TAGOUT PROCEDURES
Ladder Safety
Electrical Safety
Housekeeping
Fire Protection
Floor Openings
Overhead Hazards
Heavy Equipment
Other Hazards & Controls- No cell phones while operating equipment
Activity Hazard Analysis
Quality Control Issues
Any other site specific rules Smoking, eating, radios, Phones, visitors

What have we learned so

far?

Must first establish a Safety Statement, work on developing a Safety

Culture by following key safety principles, set goals and maintain a
commitment for maintaining an Incident Free Environment.
Implementation of the Safety Program involves all workers, from top
management to all workers and Supervisors are a key component to
making it work. A supervisor or other individual can be assigned
Specific responsibilities and can head up a company safety
committee that works on developing the safety plans and programs.
The safety committee also reviews all incidents, accidents, near
misses to determine contributing factors. While focusing on
determining causes, it must always be remembered that the overall
GOAL is to prevent similar Accidents from happening again.
Worksite Analysis are frequently needed and Audits and Inspections
help us identify issues and corrective actions can be made prior to
an incident happening. We must develop Standard Operating
Procedures to give workers a plan to guide their work.

What have we learned so

far?

A big part of the work place analysis comes thru

education of all workers to the hazards of chemicals and
is addressed thru training employees on Hazardous
Communication Standards
Understanding the Hierarchy of controls: Engineering
Management Personal Protective Equipment . We
have learned that when exposure to hazards cannot be
engineered out of normal operations and when safe work
practices and administrative controls dont provide
sufficient protection .then Personal Protective
Equipment (PPE) may be required to keep our workers
safe.
We just looked at the essential need for New Employee
Safety Orientations.

SAFETY on Department of Defense CONSTRUCTION

PROJECTS

Most government contracts incorporate by

reference a number of federal acquisition
regulation (FAR) clauses that describe a
variety of routine requirements.
The clause that is most significant with
respect to construction safety is FAR clause
52.236-13(c), which states that "if this
contract is for construction or dismantling,
demolition or removal of improvements
with any Department of Defense agency or
component, the contractor shall comply
with all pertinent provisions of the latest

SAFETY on Department of Defense CONSTRUCTION

PROJECTS

While many of the requirements of EM 385 closely parallel

OSHA's requirements, there are 2 notable differences:
1. Specific requirements for a written site-specific accident
prevention plan.
2. The development of activity hazard analyses that
identify potential hazards by each phase of a construction
project & identify the precautions the contractor will take to
control those hazards
These two things will drive and guide all work on a DOD
Project.

Written Accident
Prevention Plans
The accident prevention plan required by EM 385
is not some vague, generic document typical of
many construction companies that lists general
safety rules such as prohibiting horseplay, or
possession of firearms, alcoholic beverages or
illicit drugs on the job, and mandatory wearing of
long-sleeved shirts, hard hats and safety glasses.
Rather, it must be a detailed, site-specific written
plan that describes the management processes
that will be used to prevent accidents from
occurring on a specific construction project.

Written Accident
Prevention Plans
It is a written plan
that explains how a
contractor intends
to prevent
accidents from
occurring on a
specific
construction
project.

Written Accident
Prevention Plans
Unlike OSHA requirements, EM 385 requires that
company officials responsible for specific aspects of
the plan be identified.
For example, note that element 1, the signature
sheet, requires the title, signature and phone number
of the person who prepared the plan, the person who
approved the plan and any individuals who concurred
with the plan.
Such information would allow DoD contracting
officers, project managers or safety specialists to
identify specific company personnel that could answer
questions concerning the plan or, more importantly,
discuss problems concerning its implementation.

Written Accident
Prevention Plans

Accident reporting,
must address who,
how and when
information will be
provided on exposure
data such as man
hours worked that can
be used to evaluate
safety performance,
how major accidents
will be reported, who
will conduct accident
investigations, and
how and when reports
and logs will be
completed.

Written Accident
Prevention Plans

Vague generic safety

and health programs
will not meet the jobspecific requirements
of EM 385 1-1

Conducting An Effective

An introduction
to the Five
Step Process
of Activity
Hazard
Analysis (AHA)

Activity Hazard Analysis

If the accident prevention plan is viewed
as the strategic guide for accident
prevention..
Activity Hazard Analysis might be seen
as the tactical guide.
Section 01.A.09 of EM 385 1-1 states
that "activity hazard analyses shall be
prepared by the contractors performing
the work activity."

Activity Hazard Analysis

Activity hazard
analysis requires
contractors to be
proactive in
aggressively
identifying
hazards that can
be anticipated
and controlling
them rather than
looking back with
20/20 hindsight.

Activity Hazard Analysis - Key

Terms

Whats the Job or

Activity?
What are the Hazards?
Whats an exposure?
What is Analysis?

Activity
Workers in their first year
with their employer
account for more than 50%
of disabling claims.
Why?
( list three possible explanations )

AHA Purpose
Effective AHAs help the employer
recognize and control hazards and
exposures in the workplace.
How might the employees perception of a
hazard differ from that of the employer
or supervisor?

Activity
Why is an AHA more
effective than walk-around
inspections in reducing
accidents in the
workplace?

Probability
Probability is defined as:
the chance that a given
event will occur.
We need to determine if Probability of an
accident is low-medium or high and if HIGH- the
chances are very likely that an accident could
occur.

Activity Hazard Analysis

STEP 1
Step One - Watch the work being done

What are some effective

methods
to watch the work being

Activity Hazard Analysis

STEP 1
Step One - Watch the work
being done

Why is it
important
to involve

AHA Step Two - Break the job

down
into
steps
COE EM 385-1-1 para 01.A.13.b: Work will not begin until the hazard
analysis for the work activity has been accepted by the Governments
designated authority and discussed with all engaged in the activity, including
the contractor, subcontractor(s), and Government on-site representative.

Principle Steps column identify

Sequences of Work Distribution,
etc. Contractor
Construction Schedule or
Construction Progress Chart is a
good guide to identify Sequences of
Work

AHA Step 3
Step Three - Describe the hazards
in each step of the task.
One of the primary purposes of the
AHA is to make the job safer.
The information gathered in this step
will be valuable in helping to eliminate
and/or reduce hazards associated with
the job, and improve the system
weaknesses that produced them.

AHA Step 3

Potential
Hazard column
can have General
Safety as a
potential hazard
to include minimal
PPE . General
Safety should be
identified for
every phase of
work.

Identifying types of hazards

Acceleration: When we speed
up or slow down too quickly
Toxic: Toxic to skin and
internal organs.
Radiation: Non-ionizing burns, Ionizing - destroys
tissue.

Identifying types of hazards

Ergonomics: Eight risk factors
1. High Frequency;
2. High Duration;
3. High Force;
4. Posture;
5. Point of Operation;
6. Mechanical Pressure;
7. Vibration;
8. Environmental Exposure.

Identifying types of hazards

Pressure: Increased pressure in
hydraulic and pneumatic systems.
Mechanical: Pinch points, sharp points
and edges, weight, rotating parts,
stability, ejected parts and materials,
impact.
Flammability/Fire: In order for
combustion to take place, the fuel and
oxidizer must be present in gaseous
form.

Identifying types of hazards

Biological: Primarily airborne
and blood borne viruses.
Violence In The Workplace: Any
violent act that occurs in the
workplace and creates a hostile
work environment that affects
employees physical or
psychological well-being.

Identifying types of hazards

Explosives: Explosions result in large
amounts of gas, heat, noise, light and
over-pressure.
Electrical Contact: Inadequate insulation,
broken electrical lines or equipment,
lightning strike, static discharge etc.
Chemical Reactions: Chemical reactions
can be violent, can cause explosions,
dispersion of materials and emission of
heat.

Accident Types
Struck-by:
A person is forcefully struck by an object.
The force of contact is provided by the
object.
Struck-against:
A person forcefully strikes an object. The
person provides the force or energy.
Contact-by:
Contact by a substance or material that,
by its very nature, is harmful and causes
injury.

Accident Types
Contact-with:
A person comes in contact with a harmful
substance or material. The person initiates
the contact.
Caught-on:
A person or part of his/her clothing or
equipment is caught on an object that is either
moving or stationary. This may cause the
person to lose his/her balance and fall, be
pulled into a machine, or suffer some other
harm.
Caught-in:
A person or part of him/her is trapped, or
otherwise caught in an opening or enclosure.

Accident Types
Caught-between:
A person is crushed, pinched or
otherwise caught between a moving and
a stationary object, or between two
moving objects.
Fall-to-surface:
A person slips or trips and falls to the
surface he/she is standing or walking on.
Fall-to-below:
A person slips or trips and falls to a level
below the one he/she was walking or
standing on.

Accident Types
Over-exertion:
A person over-extends or strains himself/herself
while performing work.
Bodily reaction:
Caused solely from stress imposed by free
movement of the body or assumption of a
strained or unnatural body position. A leading
source of injury.
Over-exposure:
Over a period of time, a person is exposed to
harmful energy (noise, heat), lack of energy
(cold), or substances (toxic
chemicals/atmospheres).

Step 4 Control Measures

To help you come up with

ideas for the best
solution ask the following:
(a) How can the conditions be
changed to
eliminate the hazard?
(b) What can the employee do
to prevent an
accident or eliminate the
hazard?

It is now time
to identify
the desired
control
Measures
for each
Hazard.

Recommended Controls column identify

site specific control measures to be
implemented to eliminate or reduce each
hazard identified in the Potential Hazard
column to an acceptable level.

Engineering Controls
Consist of substitution, isolation,
ventilation, and equipment
modification.
These controls focus on the source of
the hazard, unlike other types of
controls that generally focus on the
employee exposed to the hazard.
The basic concept behind engineering
controls is that, to the extent feasible,
the work environment and the job
itself should be designed to eliminate
hazards or reduce exposure to hazards

Management Controls
Management controls may
result in a reduction of exposure
through such methods as
changing work habits,
improving sanitation and
hygiene practices, or making
other changes in the way the
employee performs the job.

Personal Protective
Equipment

When exposure to hazards cannot

be engineered completely out of
normal operations or maintenance
work, and when safe work practices
and administrative controls cannot
provide sufficient additional
protection from exposure, personal
protective clothing and/or
equipment may be required.

Step Five Safe Operating

Procedure

List the
competent person
here

List equipment to be
used for the phase of
work such as crane,
backhoe, powder
actuated tools, electric
saws/drill, etc.

List training requirements for the phase of work

such as fall protection, confined space, HAZCOM,
qualified equipment operators, safe use of ladders,
HAZWOPER, etc.

LETS BUILD AN AHA

LETS BUILD AN AHA

EM 385 vs. OSHA

Requirements
EM 385 includes some more stringent
technical provisions than CFR 1926.
In particular, the level of emphasis that EM
385 places on employee training and job site
inspections suggests that EM 385 views these
two elements as being critical for preventing
accidents.
This makes sense because employee training
is crucial for informing employees of the
potential hazards to which they are exposed
and the precautions that should be taken to
mitigate those hazards, especially those that
are not particularly obvious.

EM 385 vs. OSHA

Requirements

EM 385 includes provisions for ongoing training,

specifically section 01.B.03 which requires that "safety
meetings shall be conducted to review past activities, plan
for new or changed operations, review pertinent aspects of
appropriate activity hazards analyses (by trade), establish
safe working procedures for anticipated hazards, and
provide pertinent safety and health training and
motivation."
Meeting must be held at least once a week.

EM 385 vs. OSHA

Requirements

Some other areas of stricter compliance in EM 385 are in areas such

as :
* Confined Space procedures
* Cumulative Trauma Prevention.
* Operations of All- Terrain Vehicles
* Lock-out / Tag-out

Each project is different and depending on the USACE QA,

some areas of enforcement may be much stricter than on others,
but ultimately the EM 385 1-1 must be your guideline
for site H&S compliance in addition to any OSHA, city, state
and any other applicable regulations.

An online copy of EM 385 may be found at

www.usace.army.mil/inet/usace-docs/eng-manuals/em385-11/toc.htm

Four Elements Of a Workplace

Safety Program
Element #1 - Management,
Leadership and Employee Involvement.
Element #2, 3 Worksite Analysis and
Hazard Prevention and Control.
Element #4 Safety and Health
Training and Education.

REVIEW: What have we learned

about developing a Safety
Program
A written APP can benefit our bottom line and the end result will
depend on how well you implement your APP and manage your
programs.
Management must commit to safety and participate if APP is to get results.
Written Safety Policy statement to get employee awareness & involvement .
Displaying the required OSHA posters.
Recordkeeping- Document everything
Safety Analysis Goal is to Eliminate Hazards - AHAs
Health & Safety Training Supervisor Key All must be trainedOrientations
Safety Inspection
Immediate Accident Reporting and Accident Investigations
Program Reviews

NO ITS NOT THE END

ITS JUST THE

BEGINNING

Abbreviations

AHA Activity Hazard Analysis

APP Accident Prevention Plan

BMP - Best management practices

PPE Personal Protective Equipment

DOD Department of Defense

OSH Occupational Safety and Health Program

OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration

29 CFR Code of Federal RegulationsHazWoper - 29 CFR 1910.120 - the OSHA /

EPA requirement to have all employees trained if they will be handling,
managing or shipping hazardous wastes.

USACE United States Army Corps of Engineers

NFPA National fire protection axsociation

PEL Permissable exposure limit

RMP Risk Management Plan

EPA Environmental Protection Agency

EXTRAS
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Numerous Safety Forms - SOPs on LOTO, Fire Protection, Hand and Power tools,
Deficiency tracking log, Assured Grounding Program, ECCO SLIP reporting form,
AHAs, Equipment inspection forms, daily excavation/trench form, Equipment
inspection stickers, fire extinguisher inspection forms, Crane inspection forms,
Equipment operator qualification forms, Demolition check list, contractors visitor
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form, Safety audits and SITE INSPECTION PROGRAM INSTRUCTIONS, Focus on 4
Poster, 1st aid log in sheet, Tailgate meeting sign in sheet, PLAN OF THE DAY
FORM, EM 383 1-1 crane critical lift ck. List.
ALSO, Sub-contractors Prequalification Packet for DOD work, Safety Orientation
in English/Spanish, Generic Health and Safety plan, Blank Accident Prevention
plan, and A sub-contractor Packet that needs filled in prior to working on DOD
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