MATRIKS DAN APLIKASINYA

PADA EKONOMI

Matematika Ekonomi

MATEMATIKA EKONOMI
KELOMPOK 6
JEANET EVA CHRISNA
NURSETO DWI NUGROHO

Barnett/Ziegler/Byleen Finite Mathematics 11e

(
(4101413114)

Leontief
InputOutput
Model

Wassily Leontief (1906 1999)

Matematika Ekonomi

Wassily Leontief
1905-1999
Wassily Leontief was born August 5th,
1905 in St. Petersburg, the son of
Wassily W. Leontief and his wife
Eugenia. A brilliant student, he enrolled
in the newly renamed University of
Leningrad at only 15 years old.
He got in trouble by expressing
vehement opposition to the lack of
intellectual and personal freedom under
the country's Communist regime, which
had taken power three years earlier. He
was arrested several times.
Matematika Ekonomi | Universitas Negeri Semarang

Wassily Leontief
in 1983
4

Wassily Leontief
(continued)
At Harvard, he developed his theories and methods of InputOutput analysis. This work earned him the Nobel prize in
Economics in 1973 for his analysis of America's production
machinery. His analytic methods, as the Nobel committee
observed, became a permanent part of production planning and
forecasting in scores of industrialized nations and in private
corporations all over the world.
Professor Leontief passed away on Friday February 6th, 1999.
For more information on his life, visit
http://www.iioa.org/leontief/Life.html

Matematika Ekonomi | Universitas Negeri Semarang

Matematika Ekonomi
PISANG GORENG MBA JEANET

Apa saja yang mba

Jeanet butuhkan
untuk membuat
pisang goreng?

Matematika Ekonomi

Matematika Ekonomi

Matematika Ekonomi

Asumsi/Penyederhanaan
masalah :
1.Tiap industri menghasilkan
satu komoditi;
2. Tiap industri menggunakan
input rasio tertentu untuk
menghasilkan output;
3. Perubahan k kali dalam input akan menghasilkan
perubahan k kali dalam output (constant return
to scale).
Matematika Ekonomi

Untuk memproduksi 1 unit dari komoditi ke j,

dibutuhkan :
sejumlah a1j dari komoditi ke 1
sejumlah a2j dari komoditi ke 2
:
sejumlah anj dari komoditi ke n
jadi aij i : input dan j : output

Matematika Ekonomi

Input Output
I
I 0
II a21
III a
31
:
:
N
an1

II
a12
0
a32
:
an2

III .....
N
a13 . a1n
a23 .... a2n
0 .... a3n
: . :
an3j .... 0

Jika industri tidak

menggunakan hasil
industri sendiri sebagai
input, maka elemen dalam
diagonal matriks A akan 0

Matematika Ekonomi

Basic Input-Output Problem

The main problem of input-output analysis is the
following:
Consider an economy with several industries. Each
industry has a demand for products from other
instrustries (internal demand). There are also
external demands from the outside. Find a production
level for the industries that will meet both internal and
external demands.

Matematika Ekonomi | Universitas Negeri Semarang

13

EXAMPLE
Case study: Minyak dan Transportasi
Transportasi memerlukan
Bahan bakar dari yang didapat dari industri minyak
Perlengkapan transportasi
Produksi minyak memerlukan
Alat transportasi untuk distribusi bensin dari
industri transportasi
BBM untuk pengolahan dari industri minyak
We will look at a single oil company and a single
transportation company as a closed system

Some basic calculations

Oil Industry
Cost of producing $1 worth of gas:
$.32 in oil costs
$.12 in transportation costs

Transportation industry
Cost of producing $1 worth of transportation:
$.50 in gas costs
$.20 in transportation costs

Suppose that the demand from the outside sector of the economy (all consumers
outside of oil and transportation) is:
$15 billion for oil
$1.2 billion for transportation

If the companies produce exactly this amount, then the amount used in
production is:
.32(15) + .50(1.2) = $5.4 billion in oil
.12(15) + .20(1.2) = $2.0 billion in transportation

This leaves only $9.6 billion of oil and $1.0 billion of transportation to meet the
demand.

Leontief analysis allows us to calculate how

much each company should produce to meet
a given demand
Let x = the total output from oil company
Let y = the total output from transportation company
Internal
From oil
company

External

Oil demand

.32x

From
transportation
company
.50y

Transportation
demand

.12x

.20y

d1 = $15 b
d2 = $12 b

The internal demand for each is the combined demand from the oil industry and
from the transportation industry

Setting up the demand equations

The total output of each company will equal the sum of the internal
and external demands:

x .32 x .50 y d1

y .12 x .20 y d 2
Expressed as a matrix equation:

x
y

.32 .50
x d1

.12 .20
g y d

X MX D

Solving the demand equations

Solve for X:

X MX D
X I M D
1

In our example:
x
y

.32 .50
M

.12 .20

.32 .50
x d1

.12 .20
g y d

.68 .50
I M

.12 .80

I M

1.32 .83

.20
1.13

The solution
Putting it all together:
d1
15

1.2

d 2

X I M

1.32 .83 15

20.8
D
1.2
4.4
.20
1.13

In order to meet the demand the companies need to produce

$20.8 billion of oil
$4.4 billion of transportation