My presentation is about:

My name is: Maria Alejandra Rodriguez

Is defined as a group of metabolic diseases characterized by

hyperglycemia (elevated blood glucose levels), as a result of
a defect in insulin secretion, a defect in insulin action or
both.
Under the current definition, diabetes mellitus is not
considered a disease as such, but a group of syndromes that
encompasses several clinical entities that have in common
the persistent elevation of blood glucose levels.
Family
Histor
y

Diet
Unhealthy

Lack
of
Exerci
se
Overweight

It has been shown that hyperglycemia (elevated blood

glucose) chronic diabetes causes changes at different levels
as eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart, and the presence of other
complications
(increased
susceptibility
to
infection,
complications during pregnancy , etc).
Is today one of the major health problems

SPANISH
Se define como un grupo de enfermedades metablicas
caracterizado por hiperglucemia (niveles elevados de
glucosa en sangre), como resultado de un defecto en la
secrecin de insulina, un defecto en la accin de la insulina o
ambos.
Segn la definicin actual, la diabetes mellitus no se
considera una enfermedad como tal, sino un grupo de
sndromes que engloba a diversas entidades clnicas que
tienen en comn la elevacin persistente de las cifras de
glucemia.
Se ha visto que la hiperglucemia (niveles elevados de
glucosa en sangre) crnica de la diabetes provoca
alteraciones a diferentes niveles como ojos, riones, nervios,
corazn, As como la presencia de otras complicaciones
(mayor
susceptibilidad
a
padecer
infecciones,
complicaciones durante el embarazo, etc).
Constituye en la actualidad uno de los principales problemas
de salud.

CLASSIFICATION OF DIABETES MELLITUS

TYPE 1 DIABETES or insulin dependent,
Its origin lies in a
destruction of the pancreatic beta cells which usually leads to
absolute insulin deficiency. It usually appears in child and
adolescent age, before age 30, but can occur at any age. Those
with this type of disorder, the administration will need insulin to
survive. There are two subtypes of this, it can be IMMUNE mediated,
namely, mediated by an immune mechanism and IDIOPATHIC or of
unknown cause.
- TYPE 2 DIABETES or insulin independent: In these patients who are
resistant to insulin action and secretion defect, and although it is
known that has a clear genetic component is included, the gene or
genes responsible are unknown. It usually appears after age 40 and
means 90-95% of all cases of diabetes, and up to 80% of patients
who suffer with obesity.
- GESTATIONAL DIABETES MELLITUS: It is defined as an intolerance to
carbohydrates that can be of varying severity that starts or is first
recognized during pregnancy, and its importance is that a greater
number of complications associated with childbirth and newborn born.
In addition, it is believed that these women have an increased risk of
diabetes mellitus in the future and an increased risk of hypertension,
dyslipidemia (malignant disease with presence of blood fat) and
cardiovascular disease.
-

CLASIFICACIN DE DIABETES MELLITUS

DIABETES TIPO 1 o insulinodependiente, tiene su origen en una destruccin de

las clulas beta del pncreas que generalmente conduce a una deficiencia
absoluta de insulina. Por lo general, aparece en la edad infantil y adolescente,
antes de los 30 aos, pero puede ocurrir a cualquier edad. Las personas con
este tipo de trastorno, la administracin se necesitan insulina para sobrevivir.
Hay dos subtipos de este, puede ser mediada inmune, es decir, mediado por un
mecanismo inmune e idioptica o de causa desconocida.
DIABETES TIPO 2 o independiente de la insulina: En estos pacientes que son
resistentes a la accin de la insulina y el defecto de la secrecin, y aunque se
sabe que tiene un claro componente gentico est incluida, se desconoce el gen
o los genes responsables. Por lo general, aparece despus de los 40 aos y
significa el 90-95% de todos los casos de diabetes, y hasta el 80% de los
pacientes que sufren de obesidad.
Mellitus gestacional Diabetes: Se define como una intolerancia a los hidratos de
carbono que pueden ser de mayor o menor gravedad que empieza o se detecta
por primera durante el embarazo, y su importancia es que un mayor nmero de
complicaciones asociadas con el parto y el recin nacido nacido. Adems, se
cree que estas mujeres tienen un mayor riesgo de diabetes mellitus en el futuro
y un mayor riesgo de hipertensin, dislipidemia (enfermedad maligna con
presencia de grasa en la sangre) y la enfermedad cardiovascular.

Symptoms
Classically, the clinical suspicion of diabetes is set to subjects with unexplained weight loss
with symptomatic triad characteristic, polyuria, polydipsia and polyphagia, which refer
respectively to extremely heavy urination, excessive thirst and hunger.
However, as we have seen, diabetes mellitus is currently considered a syndrome that
encompasses different metabolic diseases

KNOW THE WARNING SIGNS

NEED TO URINATE
FREQUENTLY

LACK OF ENERGY

WEIGHTLOSS

EXCESSIVE THIRST

Sntomas

Clsicamente, la sospecha clnica de diabetes se estableca ante sujetos que presentaban prdidas
inexplicables de peso junto con la trada sintomtica caracterstica, poliuria, polidipsia y polifagia, que
se refieren respectivamente a emisin extremadamente abundante de orina, sed y hambre excesivas.
Sin embargo, como hemos visto, la diabetes mellitus en la actualidad se considera un sndrome que
engloba diferentes enfermedades metablicas

Complications.
-

OCULAR INVOLVEMENT. It has also been seen that subjects with diabetes
have more frequently other types of eye disorders: cataracts, chronic
open-angle glaucoma (eye disease), etc.

RENAL INVOLVEMENT.

CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE. The most frequent clinical presentations of

cardiovascular disease in diabetes: coronary vascular disease (angina
pectoris, myocardial infarction and sudden death), cerebrovascular
disease, hypertension, etc.

NEUROLOGICAL IMPAIRMENT.

DIABETIC FOOT. The problems of foot pathology of diabetic patients are

the leading cause of non-traumatic amputation and hospital admissions
in these patients.

COMPLICACIONES.
AFECTACIN OCULAR. Se ha visto tambin que los sujetos con diabetes presentan con mayor
frecuencia otros tipos de alteraciones oculares: cataratas, glaucoma crnico de ngulo abierto
(enfermedad del ojo), etc.
AFECTACIN RENAL.
ENFERMEDAD CARDIOVASCULAR. Las formas clnicas ms frecuentes de presentacin de enfermedad
cardiovascular en la diabetes son: enfermedad vascular coronaria (angina de pecho, infarto agudo de
miocardio y muerte sbita), enfermedad cerebrovascular, hipertensin arterial, etc.
AFECTACIN NEUROLGICA.
PIE DIABTICO. Los problemas derivados de la patologa del pie del paciente diabtico constituyen la
principal causa de amputacin no traumtica y de ingresos hospitalarios en estos enfermos.

DIAGNOSIS
Diabetes Mellitus is considered when a patient presents:
Random blood glucose greater than or equal to 200 mg./dl. blood. presence
of classic symptoms of diabetes (polyuria or increased urination, polydipsia
or increased thirst and unexplained weight loss) is considered.

DIAGNOSTICO
Se considera Diabetes Mellitus cuando un paciente presenta:
Glucemia al azar, mayor o igual a 200 mg./dl. en sangre. Se considera
presencia de sntomas clsicos de diabetes (poliuria o aumento de orina,
polidipsia o aumento de sed y prdidas inexplicables de peso).

TREATMENT AND PREVENTION

REDUCE THE RISK

Check glycemia

Dance
Cycling
Swim
Brisk walking

Diabetes can affect

anyone but is fatal

AVOID CONSUMING COKE

EAT HEALTHY

THANK YOU VERY MUCH!