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Water
Fingers
Faeces
Flies
Protected
Host
Soil
Food
Sanitation barrier
Faeces
Water
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Fingers
Protected
Flies
Host
Soil
Food
Sanitation barrier :
Community Medicine aims at breaking the
disease cycle at vulnerable points :
Segregation of feaces, protection of water
supplies, protection of foods, personal
hygiene and control of flies.
The most effective step would be to
segregate the faeces and arrange for its
proper disposal.
The segregation of excreta by imposing a
barrier called the sanitation barrier.
Ex: sanitary latrine and disposal pit.
Trench Latrine
RCA Latrine :
1. Location :- should not be located within 15 mt
(50 ft) from a source of a water supply.
2. Squatting Plate :3. PAN :- the length of the pan is 42.5 cms (17
inch)
4. Trap : it provides necessary water seal.
The water seal is the distance between the
level of water in the trap and the lowest point
in the concave upper surface of the trap ( 2
cms )
5. Connecting pipe
6. Dug well
7. Super structure
Septic tank:
It is water tight masonry tank into which household
sewage is admitted for treatment.
It is a satisfactory method of disposing excreta and
liquid wastes.
Design features :
Some are double chambered and some single
chambered.
1. Capacity : a capacity of 20-30 gallons or
2.5 to 5 c.ft per person is recommended for
household septic tanks
the minimum capacity of a septic tank should
be atleast 500 gallons
Aerobic Oxidation :
The effluent from the outlet is allowed to
percolate into the sub soil.
There are millions of aerobic bacteria in the
upper layers of soil, which attack the organic
matter present in the effluent.
As a result the organic matter is oxidised into
stable and products i.e., nitrates, carbon
dioxide and water.
Together, these two stages
(anaerobic digestion and aerobic oxidation)
complete the purification of sewage.