NAME:

Yr 11 GCSE AQA Additional

Science
Revision Booklet
This booklet covers basic revision of
Biology Unit B2, Chemistry Unit C2 and
Physics Unit P2
Complete all of these sheets as a core
revision exercise to increase your
chance of success
Check with your teachers on areas you
do not feel confident with

B2 REVISION CHAPTER 1 CELLS

What do plant cells have that animal
cells do not?

Sketch and label a plant and an animal

cell;

Use pictures and words to describe how substances can move

in and out of cells by diffusion

What is the function of:

Nucleus
Mitochondria
Ribosome
Chloroplasts
Cell Wall

Label the yeast and bacteria and write 4 bullet points about
the characteristics of each one

Draw and label 2 specialised cells. Explain their structure is adapted to suit their
function

KEY WORDS:

Describe the difference

between aerobic and anaerobic
respiration in yeast

B2 REVISION CHAPTER 1 Tissues, organs and organ systems

A tissue is ____________________
____________________________
Tissue

Functio
n

Glandular

Animal/Pla
nt

What is an organ?

What are the main organs of a plant?

Label the image below and explain the function of each

tissue

Epithelial

What is an organ system?

Epidermal

The digestive systems function is

Mesophyll

Label the diagram> For each organ

describe the function it performs

Xylem
phloem

Adaptations for exchange For each one of the organs

below write down the substance that is exchanged

Lungs:

Small intestine:

Kidneys

Make a list of the adaptations you may see on these

organs:

1.

2. -

c
e
l
l
------s
----------------------------

3. -

---------------------

B2 REVISION CHAPTER 2 HOW PLANTS PRODUCE FOOD

What is the equation for
photosynthesis

Label the different tissues in the leaf

and explain their function:

Where in the plant does it occur?

How are leaves adapted to perform
photosynthesis?

Explain how plants use glucose for the following:

Respiration

Building up molecules

Storage

Explain how light, CO2 and temperature are limiting factors of photosynthesis

Why do farmers want their plants to do as much photosynthesis

as possible?

Label the diagram below to explain which factors are being

controlled? What is hydroponics?

B2 REVISION CHAPTER 2 Organisms in their environment

Physical Factor

Key definitions:

How does it affect organisms?

Mean:

Temperature

Median:

Nutrients
Mode:

Amount of light

Reproducible data:

Availability of
water

Valid data:

O2 and CO2
availability
Quadrats
What is a quadrat?

Transects
What is the most common type of transect?
What do we use a transect for?

What do we use it for?

Explain how do you use a transect

What do you do to get valid results?

Is it random?

Is it random?

B2 REVISION CHAPTER 3 ENZYMES

What are enzymes made from?

Enzymes in industry
What are the advantages and
disadvantages of using enzymes?

What do enzymes do?

Advantag
es

Disadvanta
ges

What are the 3 groups of enzymes in digestion? What is their

substrate and what do they break them down into?
1) Proteases break down proteins
into amino acids
2)

How do they work? (explain & draw

the lock & key mechanism
Biological detergents
What are biological detergents?

Pros

What effect does temperature

have on enzyme activity

Cons

How are these other enzymes used in

industry:

3)

Why is the stomach acidic?

What is bile? Explain where it is produced and its functions.

Proteases:
Carbohydrases:
What effect does pH have on
enzyme activity

Isomerases:
To diagnose disease
Enzymes in medicine

To control disease

To cure disease:

B2 REVISION CHAPTER 4 ENERGY FROM RESPIRATION

Write down the equation for aerobic respiration:

Key concept
Remember that plants do photosynthesis AND respiration

Respiration is controlled by e ________________

It takes place all the time in a___________ and p________________.

Is called aerobic respiration because it uses o______________

Respiration takes place in the m________________.

Write down the equation for anaerobic respiration:

Reasons
for
respirati
on

The response to exercise:

Heart rate
Breathing rate

Where and when does anaerobic respiration take place?

Why do muscles become fatigued if you exercise hard?

Why is anaerobic respiration much more inefficient than

aerobic?

What is oxygen debt?

The fit person has a ______________resting heart rate,

before they begin to exercise
The fit persons heart rate rises more ______________
The maximum heart rate reached by the fit person is a
lot __________________than the unfit person
The fit persons heart rate drops ____________when
they finish exercise
The heart rate of the fit person returns to their resting
heart rate in a _________________time.

B2 REVISION CHAPTER 5 Cell Division and Growth

Labe l the diagram:

Other key terminology:

Differentiation:
Fertilisation:

Future of stem cell research

Variation:
Stem cells

A gene is a section of D____. It controls a c____________ of

your body. You have ___ chromosomes in the n______ of your
b_______ cells. Arranged in _____ pairs. One of each pair is
inherited from your m________ and one from your f_________.
Your sex cells or g_________ only have _____ chromosomes.
What is the name of this
process?
Write down an
explanation of what is
happening at each stage
in the boxes.
How many daughter cells
produced?
Are the genes identical or
different to parental cell?
Why and where do cells
undergo mitosis?

A mnemonic
for mitosis:
Mitosis goes
on in my toes,
and toes are
not sexy

Function

Uses

Problems

What is the name of this

process?
Write down an explanation of
what is happening at each
stage in the boxes.
How many daughter cells
produced?
Are the genes identical or
different to parental cell?
Why and where do cells
undergo meiosis?

B2 REVISION CHAPTER 5 INHERITANCE

Key terms in genetics
Write a paragraph about Gregor
Mendel and his work

Homozygous

Inheritance of Cystic Fibrosis

Type of allele :
Symptoms:

Heterozygous

Treatment:

Genotype

Draw a genetic diagram to show the

inheritance of this condition (two parents
carriers)

Phenotype
Allele
Genetic
disorder
The genetic code. Explain how the
order of the DNA bases determines the
order of the amino acids in a protein.

Inheritance of Polydactyly
Carriers
Type of allele :
Symptoms:

Inheritance of Huntington's disease

Type of allele :
Draw a genetic diagram to show the
inheritance of this condition (Hh x hh)

Treatment:
Draw a genetic diagram to show the inheritance of this condition
(Pp x pp)

Two men claim to be the father of the same child. Explain how DNA fingerprinting can be used to find
out which one is the real father.

What is genetic screening? What are the main ethical issues?

B2 REVISION CHAPTER 6 OLD AND NEW SPECIES

What is a fossil?

What is extinction?

Extinction caused by living organisms:

New predators:

Geographical isolation:

New diseases
Endemic:

Successful competition:
Explain how fossils can be formed

SPECIATION
Extinction caused by
environmental changes

Hard parts

Sexual reproduction and mutation

No decay
Population with a wide range of alleles

Traces

Natural selection

Replacement
Organism dies and falls to the
ground

Why is the fossil record not

complete?
Geographical isolation
What is mass extinction:

Dinosaurs extinction theories:

As a result the features of the isolated
population will slowly change

Speciation

C2 REVISION CHAPTER 1 STRUCTURE & BONDING

Fill in the gaps:
When two elements react together they make a _________ substance called
a_________. It is _________ to separate the elements after the reaction.
Some atoms react by sharing electrons. We call this _________ bonding. Other
atoms react by _________ or _________ electrons. We call this _________
bonding. When atoms react in this way they get the electronic structure of a
_________ gas.

Use pictures and words to describe each type of bonding:

Ionic

Fill in this table:

Ionic Compound

Ratio of ions in
compound

Sodium chloride

Na+ : Cl1:1

Magnesium oxide

Formula of compound

Covalent

MgO
Ca2+: Cl1:2

CaCl2

Metallic

Fill in this table of more complicated ions:

Name of ion

Formula of ion

Calcium hydroxide,
Ca(OH)2

hydroxide
NO3CO32Suphate

Example of compound

Mg(NO3)2
Sodium carbonate

CaSO4

KEY WORDS:

Electronic structure
Covalent bonding
Ionic bonding
Proton
Electron
Ion
Giant structure (lattice)
Metallic bonding

ASSESSMENT:

C2 REVISION CHAPTER 2 STRUCTURE & PROPERTIES

IONIC COMPOUNDS
What type of force holds the ions
together?

SIMPLE COVALENT MOLECULES

GIANT METALLIC SUBSTANCES

How strong are the forces between

covalent molecules? [intermolecular
forces]

Why can metals be bent and shaped?

What are delocalised electrons?

Draw a giant ionic lattice:

How does this affect their melting
and boiling point

Why do metals conduct electricity?

How strong are the forces between

atoms in a covalent bond?
[intramolecular bonds]

How are polymers classified:

Why do ionic compounds have high

melting and boiling points?

What is nanoscience?

Thermosetting:

Thermosoftening:
Why can ionic compounds conduct
electricity when molten or
dissolved in water?

GIANT COVALENT SUBSTANCES

Why is graphite slippery and conduct
electricity?

KEY WORDS:

Giant ionic structures

Intermolecular forces
Macromolecules
Fullerenes
Shape memory alloys
Polymers
Thermosetting / Thermosoftening
Nanoscience

ASSESSMENT:

C2 REVISION CHAPTER 3 HOW MUCH?

Complete the table
Relative
Charge

Relative
Mass

Proton

Write how many there are

in:
23

Na11
Electrons:

What is Mr?

Protons:
Neutrons:

Neutron

What is the Mr of C2H5OH?

What is an isotope?
What is a mole?

Electron

What is percentage yield and what is the equation to calculate it?

What is atom economy and what is the equation to calculate it?

Calculate the percentage yield of calcium carbonate when 200tonnes of limestone

is used and 98tonnes of carbon dioxide is produced:

How do we identify
food additives?

What is Ar?

What is gas
chromatography?

What is mass
spectrometry?

Balance the equation and say how many moles of each

substance there are:
H2 + O 2
H2O

What is the symbol for a reversible reaction?

Explain what happens after we add just reactants to a
reversible reaction?

KEY WORDS:

Atomic number
Mass number
Isotope
Relative atomic mass
Relative formula mass
Mole
Empirical formula
Molecular formula

ASSESSMENT:

C2 REVISION CHAPTER 4 RATES & ENERGY

What do we mean by rate of reaction?

Explain the effect of concentration on

the rate of reaction

Explain the effect of temperature on the rate

of reaction [think about: kinetic energy &
number of collisions]

Draw diagrams to represent it?

Draw diagrams to represent it:

What 4 factors affect the rate of a

reaction?

What must happen for a reaction to

occur?

What is the smallest amount of energy

that must be overcome for a reaction to
occur?

Low concn

High concn

Low temp

High temp

How does surface area affect the rate of reaction?

What do catalysts do?

Explain exothermic reactions:

Explain endothermic reactions:

What happens to them during a reaction?

What energy changes are

involved in a reversible
reaction?

KEY WORDS:
Collision theory
Activation energy
Catalyst
Exothermic
Endothermic
Thermal decomposition

ASSESSMENT:

C2 REVISION CHAPTER 5 SALTS & ELECTROLYSIS

What is a base?

What is produced when an acid and a

metal react?

What is electrolysis?

What is an alkali

Acid + Metal

What do we call the substance that is broken down during

electrolysis

What ions make something acidic?

Give a specific example:

What is the negative electrode called?

What is another name for an acid?

P__________ D__________

What is the positive electrode called?

What is produced when an acid and a

base react?

Label a diagram showing the electrolysis of copper bromide

What ions make something alkali?

Acid + Base
What is the pH scale?

Give a specific example:

What ions are formed?

How is electrolysis
used to extract
aluminium?

Why to we electrolyse
brine?

What is
electroplating?

What are the half

equations?

How is it work?

KEY WORDS:
Alkalis
Bases
Acids
Neutral
State symbol
Indicator
pH scale

ASSESSMENT:

P2 REVISION CHAPTER 1 MOTION

Describe what is happening in the graph between points:
A-B:

Match the graph to the description of motion:

B-C:

C-D:

D-E:

Using the formula work out the speed of the cyclist between points A and B:

Work out the deceleration of the

car and the distance it has
travelled:
KEY WORDS:
Distance = area under the line

Distance-time graphs
Gradient
Speed
Velocity
Acceleration
Velocity-time graphs

ASSESSMENT:

P2 REVISION CHAPTER 2 FORCES

Using the formula F=ma, fill in the table

What is the definition of a force?

a
What are balanced forces and when do they occur?

Force (Newtons, N)
Mass (kilograms, kg)

What are unbalanced forces and when do they occur?

200

840

20

7.0

e
5000

0.40

Acceleration
0.80
5.0
6.0
0.20
What
is stopping distance,
are the two parts that make up a cars stopping
(meters/second
squared, and
m/s2what
)
distance?

Calculate the resultant force:

What factors affect stopping distance?

What do we do to prevent speeding in this country?

What is terminal velocity?

What is Hookes law?

KEY WORDS:

Force
Resultant force
Stopping distance
Thinking distance
Braking distance
Weight
Mass

ASSESSMENT:

P2 REVISION CHAPTER 3 WORK, ENERGY & MOMENTUM

What is work done?
What is the equation for work done?
How does friction affect work done?

What is gravitational potential energy?

Complete the question below using this equation
If a 2kg mass is lifted 0.4 meters how much GPE does it gain?

What is momentum?
Complete the question below using this equation
momentum (kg m/s) = mass (kg) X velocity (m/s)
If a sprinter with a mass of 50kg runs at a velocity of
10m/s what is their momentum?

A 0.5 kg trolley is pushed at a velocity of 1.2 m/s into a

stationary trolley with a mass of 1.5 kg. The two trolleys
stick to each other after the impact.
Calculate:
The momentum of the 0.5 kg trolley before the collision
The velocity of the two trolleys straight after the impact

What is kinetic energy?

Complete the question below using this equation
If a 500kg mass is moving at 12m/s how much kinetic energy does it have?

What is conservation of momentum and how do you calculate it?

KEY WORDS:
What features do we add to cars to make them safe?

Transfer
Work done
Gravitational potential energy
Elastic potential energy
Momentum
Conservation of momentum

ASSESSMENT:

P2 REVISION CHAPTER 4 CURRENT ELECTRICITY

Label these circuit components:

What is static electricity?

What happens when you rub a polythene rod with a dry cloth?

What happens when you rub a perspex rod with a dry cloth?

You can use diagrams to help.

Link the component to the

correct graph

What is resistance?

What is electrical current?

What is the equation for resistance?

Calculate the current in a bulb if there is a charge of 0.8C

passes through the bulb in 0.4 seconds:
Equation:

What is the rule for resistance in a series

circuit?

KEY WORDS:
What is the rule for resistance in a
parallel circuit?

Static electricity
Protons
Neutrons
Ion
Electric current
Electrons
Coulombs (C)

ASSESSMENT:

P2 REVISION CHAPTER 5 MAINS ELECTRICITY

What is the difference between direct current and alternating
current?

What is a fuse and how does it work?

Why do we use alternating current for mains electricity?

What is a circuit breaker and how does it work?

How do we measure alternating current?

Electrical power and potential

difference

Work through these questions:

A light bulb transfers 30000J
of electrical energy when it is on
for 300s. Calculate its power:
P=

In a standard 3-pin plug what is:

X:
Y:
Z:

How do the materials and design of the following plug parts improve
their safety?
Case

Calculate the normal current

through a 500W, 230V heater
I=

Electrical energy and charge

Work through these questions:
Calculate the charge flow when
the current is 8A for 80s.
Q=IXt

Calculate the energy transferred in

a component when the charge
passing through it is 30C and the
potential difference is 20V

Energy transferred = volts X coulombs

Fuse
Pins
How are electrical cables designed to be safe?

KEY WORDS:

ASSESSMENT:

Direct current
Alternating current
Frequency
Live/neutral/ earth wire

Oscilloscope
Y-gate control

P2 REVISION CHAPTER 6 RADIOACTIVITY

What is radiation?

Give 3 uses of radioactivity, and a

brief description of how they work:

How did each of these scientists contribute to our

understanding of radiation?
Henri Becquerel:

What causes background radiation?

Marie Curie:

Ernest Rutherford:
Describe radioactive decay:
emissions:
emissions:

Properties of radiation:

emissions:

Penetrating
power

Deflection by
magnetic field

Deflection by
electric field

Alpha
radiation ()

Explain what half-life is:

Beta
radiation (

Fill in this table assuming there is a 10% decay every hour:

Time from start
(hours)

No. of unstable atoms

1000

900

477

No, of unstable atoms

that decay in the next
hour

100

90

48

Gamma
radiation (
KEY WORDS:
Alpha radiation ()
Beta radiation (
Gamma radiation (
Atomic number
Isotope
Mass number
Half-life

ASSESSMENT:

P2 REVISION CHAPTER 7 ENERGY FROM THE NUCLEUS

Explain nuclear fission (use diagrams):

What was the early universe like?

Explain the life cycle of a star:

Explain nuclear fusion (use diagrams):

How are chemical elements formed?

What are some of the issues linked with nuclear energy?

KEY WORDS:

Nuclear fission
Chain reaction
Reactor
Control rods
Coolant
Nuclear fusion
Protostar
Neutron star

ASSESSMENT: