ENGINEERING

DRAWING &
GRAPHICS (ME-101)

ANS-AL-RASHID

COURSE CONTENTS
Introduction: Types of Lines, Lettering, Dimensioning, Use of
Pencil and Drawing Instruments, Planning of Drawing Sheet
Projections: Types of projections, orthographic projections,
plane of projections, four quadrants, projection of points,
projection of straight lines, examples with different quadrants,
traces of a line, true length of a line, inclination to both the
planes, projection of oblique and auxiliary planes.
Loci of Points and Generated Curves: Loci of points and
straight lines. Cycloid, epicycloids, involutes, Archimedean
spiral.

COURSE CONTENTS
Development of Solids: Types of solids, polyhedral, solids
of revolution, prism, pyramid, cylinder, cone, sphere.
Intersection of Surfaces: Intersection of cylinder and
cylinder, cone and cylinder, cone and cone, cone and prism.
Projection of Solids: Projection of various solids in simple
position and inclined positions.
Section of Solids: True shape of section on auxiliary plane
of various solids.

LAB OUTLINE
Isometric and orthographic projections of solids/machine
parts. Sections of joints, screw thread systems, nuts and
bolts, keys and cotter, coupling and bearings

RECOMMENDED BOOKS
Fundamentals of Engineering Drawing by Warren J. Luzadder,
Jon M. Duff
Engineering Drawing by Dr. R.K. Dhawan
Elementary Engineering Drawing by N.D Bhatt
A first year Engineering Drawing by A.C. Parkinson

ENGINEERING DRAWING
Engineer is rightly called Creator. He conveys ideas and
provides solutions to the problems through language of
systematic lines
It is the language of systematic lines called Engineering
Drawing. Engineer must have adequate knowledge of this
language to project his ideas correctly on paper and then
execute it efficiently and effectively.
It is universal language for Engineers.

FIGURES/SKETCHES

FIGURES/SKETCHES

CONCLUSIONS

Graphical representation of an object Drawing

Engineering drawing A drawing of an object that

contains all information
- like actual shape, accurate size, manufacturing
methods, etc., required for its construction.
- No construction/manufacturing of any (man -made)
engineering objects is possible without engineering drawing.

CLASSIFICATION OF
DRAWING

Drawing

Artistic
Drawing
Engineer
ing
Drawing

CLASSIFICATION OF
DRAWING
Engineering drawing is completely
different from artistic drawing,
which are used to express aesthetic,
philosophical, and abstract ideas.

CLASSIFICATION OF
ENGINEERING DRAWING

Engineer
ing
Drawing

Manual
CADD

GOTTLIEB
DAIMLER

WHAT HAPPENS IN
ENGINEERING DESIGN
The process starts with the ability to visualize, to see the
problem and the possible solutions.
Then, sketches are made to record initial ideas.
Next, geometric models are created from those sketches and
are used for analysis.
Finally, detail drawings or 3-D models are made to record the
precise data needed for the production process.
Visualizing, sketching, modelling, and detailing are how
engineers and technologists communicate as they design new
products and structures for our technological world.

GRAPHICS
COMMUNICATION
Technical drawings are a nonverbal method of
communicating information.
Descriptions of complex products or structures must
be communicated with drawings.
A designer uses a visual, nonverbal process. A
visual image is formed in the mind, reviewed,
modified, and ultimately communicated to someone
else, all using visual and graphics processes.

GRAPHICS
COMMUNICATION
Engineers are creative people who use technical means to
solve problems.
They design products, systems, devices, and structures to
improve living conditions.
Although problem solutions begin with thoughts or images in
the mind of the designer, presentation devices and computer
graphics hardware and software are powerful tools for
communicating those images to others.
As computer graphics have a greater impact in the field of
engineering,
engineers
will
need
an
ever-growing
understanding of and facility in graphics communications.

THE IMPORTANCE OF
GRAPHICS IN THE
DESIGN PROCESS

Technical graphics is a real and complete language used in

the design process for:
1. Visualization
2. Communication
3. Documentation
A drawing is a graphical representation of objects and
structures and is done using freehand, mechanical, or
computer methods. A drawing serves as a graphic model or
representation of a real object or idea.

3-D computer model of the interior of an automobile:

This computer rendering of a 3-D computer model is more
easily understood because more detail is given through the
use of color, lights, and shades and shadows.

THE IMPORTANCE OF
GRAPHICS IN THE
DESIGN PROCESS

1. Visualization:
A powerful tool for design engineers is the ability to see in
their minds the solution to problems.
Visualization is the ability to mentally picture things that do
not exist.
Most designers will initially capture their mental images by
sketching them on paper.
Sometimes these sketches are very rough and quickly done
to capture some fleeting detail in the mind of the designer.
When communicating ones sketch to others, the sketches
must be refined

THE IMPORTANCE OF
GRAPHICS IN THE
DESIGN PROCESS

2. Communication:
The second phase in the graphics produced to support the
design process is communication drawings and models.
In this phase your goal is to refine your initial sketches so
your design solution can be communicated to others without
ambiguity.
In other words, you must be able to improve the clarity of
your graphics to such an extent that others are able to
visualize your design.
This is done by adding more detail to your sketches, then
creating a 3-D model using CAD software.

THE IMPORTANCE OF
GRAPHICS IN THE
DESIGN PROCESS

3. Documentation:
After the design solution is finalized, graphics is the most
effective way to permanently record that solution. Before 3-D
modelling, documentation drawings were 2-D detail drawings
that were copied through a process called blueprinting.
These blueprints then were used to produce the design.
2-D detail drawings still may be created, but their primary
purpose is for legal and archival purposes.
Two-dimensional documentation drawings follow very strict
standard practices so everyone in the engineering field can
read the drawings.

THE TRADITIONAL
DESIGN PROCESS
The design process involves organizing the creative and
analytical processes used to satisfy a need or solve a
problem.
Sketches, drawings, computer models, and presentation
graphics are all linked to the design and production
processes.
The traditional design process is a sequential process that
can be grouped into six major activities, beginning with
identification of the problem and ending with documentation
of the design. Technical graphics is used throughout this
process to document design solutions.

THE TRADITIONAL DESIGN

PROCESS