Elastoplastic Analysis

of polycrystalline
materials
Under guidance of
Prof. Biswanath Banerjee
By
Aravind Kumar Dammu
(09CE3103)

Introduction
Crystal plasticity is the study of elastoplastic
behavior of metals at meso length scales.
Understanding the microstructural features allows
for better prediction of macroscopic behavior.
Modeling at these length scales enables us to
incorporate anisotropy effectively by specifying the
distribution and orientation of grains.
The deformations are comparable in magnitude to
the original geometry.
The linear stress-strain relationships and strain
displacement relationships are not valid.

Objectives
Crystal plasticity
Single crystal model
Integrate single crystal model to simulate
polycrystal model

Large Deformation
Since undeformed and deformed geometries are
different, the engineering strain cannot be used for
large deformation.
Strain is expressed using Eulerian and Lagrangian
strain measures.
They are expressed in terms of deformation
gradient.
The stresses are expressed in terms of cauchy
stress and piola-kirchhoff stress.
In crystal plasticity, it is assumed that the
deformation takes place in two consecutive stages.

Large Deformation
The total deformation gradient is given by
product of plastic deformation gradient and
elastic deformation gradient.
The velocity gradient can be expressed as the
sum of plastic velocity gradient and elastic
velocity gradient.

Fig. 1

Slip Representation
Plastic slip occurs in a plane when the resolved shear
stress reaches a critical value.
The number of active slip systems depends on the stress
state, the crystal structure, the hardening mechanisms,
and the hardening history of the slip systems.

i. FCC Crystal
HCP crystal

ii. BCC crystal

Fig. ii & Fig. iii

iii.

Slip Representation
Dislocations
which are initially random distributed,

prefer low energy pathways under loading conditions.

These disturbances in their positions cause strain
hardening.
Slip in a plane influences slip in every other plane.
This phenomenon is known as latent hardening.
Under low strain rate and isothermal conditions, the
plastic flow can be represented using power law.
...(1)

Slip Representation
Plastic slip is mainly classified into 3 categories. In this project, only
dislocation slip is considered.

i. Dislocation Slip
Boundary Sliding

ii. Twinning
Fig. iv

iii. Grain

Numerical
Implementation

The resolved shear stress is calculated from the

second piola-kirchhoff stress using equation(2).
..(2)
After the resolved shear stress is calculated, the
shear strain rate is calculated on each slip plane
using power law shown in equation(1).
I have considered two slip planes to be active and
only self hardening is considered.

Evolution Equations
evolution equations for deformation
The

gradient in the intermediate configuration

and the hardness are given by equation
(3) and equation (4) respectively.
(3)
Equation(4) is known as Voce-type
hardening law.
.(4)

Discretized Equations
The
evolution equation for deformation gradient
in the intermediate configuration is discretized
using Backward Euler method as shown in
Equation(5).
...(5)
The evolution equation for hardness is
discretized using forward euler method as shown
in equation (6).
...(6)

Numerical Integration
The
implicit evolution equation for deformation

gradient is solved using newton raphson method

in fortran.
The residual and the jacobian for the kth iteration
are given by Equation (7) and (8) respectively

(7)
The Deformation gradient was found to converge
after 4 iterations.
(8)

Algorithm

Fig. v

Results
The deformation tensor was found to
be

The stretch tensor and the rotation matrix are

found by polar decomposition of deformation
gradient.
The euler angles are calculated from the
rotation matrix and the principal stretches are
calculated from the stretch tensor.
The deformed geometry was developed using

Results

Fig. vi

Future Work
The features to be considered in polycrystal
modeling are shown in fig vii.

Fig. vii

Thank You