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‡ Inactivation of the viral receptors, enzymes
‡ Interrupting the post translational modifications of proteins

 


 
 




 
  

 

 

 



 
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4 4he DNA-binding motif is found as part of transcription regulatory proteins.

  4 Fingers bind to 3 base-pair subsites and specific contacts are mediated by amino
acids in positions : -1, 2, 3 and 6 relative to the start of the alpha-helix.
Contacts mainly involve one strand of the DNA.
Where proteins contain multiple fingers, each finger binds to adjacent subsites
within a larger DNA recognition site thus allowing a relatively simple motif
to specifically bind to a wide range of DNA sequences.

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‡ BSC4 belongs to Curtovirus group of Geminivirus
‡ It is characterized by monopartite circular ssDNA genome
‡ Infects a wide variety of dicots
‡ Symptoms range from curling and stunting of inflorescences, deformation of
floral structures, leaf curling and deformation, vein swelling, accumulation of
anthocyanins and finally death
‡ þeplication is intiated by binding of þep on the direct repeats in the origin



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þep binding site in the BSC4 replication origin

19bp region recognized by the AZP in the BC4 origin




    


 

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/4 Vabeled probe containing direct repeats;

+4 Band shift in the presence of 1 nM AZP;
9: Band shift in the presence of 1M þep
0*:: Band shifts in the presence of 1M þep with 1nM AZ P(þep was added to the binding mixture
after incubation of the probe with AZP for 30 min)
-*;4 Band shifts in the presence of þep (1M) together with 1nM AZP respectively (þep and AZP
were added to the binding mixture at the same time).
.*2: Band shifts in the presence of þep (1M) together with 1nM AZP respectively (AZP was
added to the binding mixture after incubation of the probe with þep for 30 min)

  

  





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(a) Agroinoculated W4 (left) and 43
transgenic 1-1A (right) plants.
(b) Agroinoculated W4 (left) and 43
transgenic 2-1A (right) plants.
(c) Magnified image of the gently
curling inflorescence of the 2-1A
plant indicated by the white
rectangular frame in panel b.
(d) Magnified image of a typical
inflorescence of an agroinoculated
W4 plant.

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(a) DNA bands probed with the DIG-labeled PCþ product (200 bp)
of the BSC4 genome.
/4 50 ng of pCFH digested with EcoþI;
+4 2 g of total DNA isolated from a whole agroinoculated W4
plant;
94 2 g of total DNA isolated from a whole agroinoculated
1-1A plant;
04 2 g of total DNA isolated from the half of an
agroinoculated 2-1A plant that had gently curling
inflorescence;
-: 2 g of total DNA isolated from the remaining half of the
agroinoculated 2-1A plant, in which no symptoms were observed.

(b) Ethidium bromide-stained gel image of total DNA used for the
Southern blot shown in panel a. 4his photograph was taken before
processing of the Southern blot. OC, open circular DNA; SC,
supercoiled DNA; SS, ssDNA

   


 
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4ransgenic plants 4 weeks after agroinoculation. (a)
Images of whole plants. (b) Images of rosette leaves. In
both panels, a noninfected W4 plant, an infected W4
plant, a 1-3A plant with minor symptoms, and a 1-3B
plant with no symptoms are shown from the left to the
right. 43 transgenic plants 1-3A and 1-3B were obtained
from 42 line 1±3.
 Each value is the number of W4 or 43 transgenic plants showing each symptom after agroinoculation
with BSC4 .
 4he line numbers correspond to the 42 lines. 43 transgenic plants used for the agroinoculation were

obtained from these 42 lines.

Same phenotypes as healthy, noninfected W4 Col ecotype plants.
 Same phenotypes as healthy, noninfected W4 Col ecotype plants, except for gentle curling of a couple of

tops of inflorescences.
Plants were as tall as W4 plants, but all tops of inflorescences were curled or deformed. Some stems in

some plants were thicker than W4 stems. No symptom were observed on rosette leaves.
Observed symptoms included curling and stunting of all inflorescences, deformation of floral structures,

short and thick stems, leaf curling and deformation, vein swelling, and accumulation of anthocyanins.
‡ One or more AZPs can be employed to tackle more than one variants of
the viruses
‡ 4his strategy can be analysed in tackling mammalian viruses also