TH E M A R R IA G E IN S TITU TIO N

MARRIAGE-is the socially approved

sexual and economic unions between

two persons and of opposite sex.

Characteristics:

Marriage is a contract between groups of

people that goes beyond the death of

one of the contracting partner.
Marriage involves a transfer of rights
between the wifes group and the
husbands group.
Marriage entrails rights to priority of
sexual access by the husband but not in
societies that allow wife lending,
sanctioned love affair and alternate
partners.
Marriage can be either be monogamous
or polygamous.

UNIVERSALITYOFMARRIAGE

Marriage develops social bonds that

provide material needs, social

support and socialization of children.
Marriage defines the rights and
obligation of the members of the
contracting parties.
Marriage creates new relationships
between families and kin groups that
can establish trade relationship and
political alliances.

NORMSOFMARRIAGE
These are norms that regulate

marriage on mate selection,

secondary marriage, number of
spouses and marital exchanges.

RULESONMATESELECTION

EXOGAMY-requires a person to select

his mate outside his own group or

social category.
ENDOGAMY-is a rule that require the

person to select his mate from his

own group or social category (race,
social class or religion).

RULESINSECONDARYMARRIAGE

SORORATE-is the practice that

compels the woman to marry the

deceased sisters husband.
LEVIRATE- is the practice among the

Chuckee of Siberia that requires a

man to marry the widow of the
deceased brother and care for his
children and his herds.

RULESONTHENUMBEROFSPOUSES

MONOGAMY-is the rule that limits the

person to one spouse at a given time;

POLYGAMY- is the plural marriage of

man or woman.

TWOTYPESOFPLURALMARRIAGE

POLYGYNY-is the plural marriage of

man to several women.

POLYANDRY-is the plural of marriage

of women to several men.

RULESONMARITALEXCHANGE
BRIDE WEALTH-is the wealth given by the

groom to his brides family to legitimize

his right to his wife child.
BRIDE SERVICE- is the service of requiring
a man to provide labor to the household
of his bride, to work for his father-in-law
for a certain period of time, either before
or after marriage.
DOWRY- is the wealth given by the
parents of the bride to the husband of
their daughter that includes money,
clothing, jewelry, or any household items.

PHILIPPINEMARRIAGE

INDIVIDUAL CHOICE ABOVE THE AGE

OF 21 BUT WITH CONSENT/ADVICE IF

BELOW THE AGE OF 21.
MATURITY-The contracting couple
should have a minimum age of 18 to
maturity for the Christians, but
among the Muslims the age of
maturity is not necessary, it allows
marriage at 15 years old for the male
and 15 or at least 12 years old of age

MARRIAGECANBENULLIFIED
the contracting parties are below the age

of 18, even with consent of parents and

guardian;
if the person solemnizing the marriage
lacks the legal authority;
if the solemnized without marriage
license unless listed under exemption;
if it is a bigamous or polygamous
marriage;
if a mistake is committed by a contracting
party as to the identity of the other; if the
marriage is against public policy like
incestuous marriage;

MARRIAGECANBENULLIFIED
if the person or persons are

psychologically incapacitated to contract

such marriage,
or after securing a judgment of
annulment or absolute nullity of
marriage, the parties, before entering
into subsequent marriage, failed to record
with the appropriate registry the partition
and distribution of property of the first
marriage;
In addition, marriage can be nullified if

MARRIAGECANBENULLIFIED
if either party was infected with a

physically transmissible disease at the

time of marriage;
if force or intimidation or undue influence
is used to contract such marriage,
and if fraud is committed( non disclosure
of previous conviction of moral turpitude,
pregnancy of the wife other than the
husband, concealment of sexually
transmitted disease and drug addiction,
habitual alcoholism, homosexuality,
lesbianism existing at the time of
marriage.

LEGALSEPARATION
Repeated physical violence or grossly

abusive conduct directed against the

petitioner, a common child, or a child of the
petitioner.
Physical violence or moral pressure to
compel the petitioner to change religious or
political affiliation.
Attempt of respondent to corrupt or induce
the petitioner, a common child, a child of the
petitioner to engage, or connivance in such
corruption or inducement.
Final judgment sentencing the respondent to
imprisonment of more than six years, even if
pardoned.

LEGALSEPARATION
Drug addiction , or habitual alcoholism of

the respondent.
Lesbianism or homosexuality of the
respondent.
Contracting by the respondent of a
subsequent marriage, whether in the
Philippines or abroad.
Sexual infidelity or perversion.
Attempt by the respondent on the life of
the petitioner.
Abandonment of petitioner by

PHILIPPINEMARRIAGE

HETEROSEXUALITY The Philippine Laws allows

marriage between a man and a woman only and

consider homosexuality not allowable; it can be a
ground for legal separation.
EQUALITY
The husband and wife are obligated to live together,
observe mutual love, respect and fidelity and provide
mutual help and support.
Both the husband and wife decide where to fix the
family household when they disagree the court shall
make the decision for them.
The husband and the wife can exercise their
profession, occupation, business or activity even
without the consent of the other. The husband or the
wife can only object on valid, serious and moral
grounds.

EQUALITY

Both the husband and wife are

responsible for the support of the

family.
The husband and wife have equal
rights in the management of their
household.
Both the husband and the wife can
request for relief from the court if
either one of them neglects his/her
duties to the conjugal union or any
one of them commits acts that will

PHILIPPINEMARRIAGE

FIDELITY- when one of the couple

cohabits with a person who is not the

legitimate spouse, it can be a ground
for concubinage or adultery and
punishable with six years of
imprisonment.

CONCUBINAGEiscommittedwhen:

The husband keeps a mistress in the

conjugal dwelling.
The husband cohabits with a woman
not to his wife in any places.
The husband leaves the conjugal
dwelling and lives with his lover in
another dwelling.
The husband has sexual intercourse
under scandalous circumstances with
a woman not his wife.

PHILIPPINEMARRIAGE

MONOGAMY AND POLYGAMY- for

Christians, monogamy is the rule;

that is, having one spouse at a given
time.

RESEARCHESONMARRIAGE
Lamanna and Riedman (2009) noted that marriages

among couples over age 25 are generally happier

and more stable than those couples in the early
teens and early twenties.
NSO (2003) reported that Filipino men marry at a
much older age than women; the modal age for men
is between 25-29 and 20 to 24 for women.
Studies showed that marriage is considered the
normal thing to do for both Filipino males and
females (Tiglao, 1988) and that married people are
much happier than the unmarried.
Sevilla (1982) reported that Filipino women marry
men who are much older, more educated and occupy
much higher occupations than they have.
Nunez (2001) noted that the first five years are
considered to be of marital risks, and the subsequent
years are characterized by marital harmony,
acceptance of personality differences, better

RESEARCHESONMARRIAGE
Studies(Vancio, 1980; Sevilla, 1982) show that the

women with successful marriages consider their

husbands as companions, and have sound financial
relationship with them.
Filipinos have conservative attitudes towards
cohabitation (Casuga, 1996); women condemn it.
Vancio (1980) noted that urban wives are less prone
to pre-marital and extra-marital sex than their
husbands.
Sevilla (1982) reported that marital dissolution is
most common among couples who marry before the
age of 20, among women who are pregnant at the
time of their marriage, among husbands who have
weak character, and have problems of coping with his
new married role.
Tinio (1994) observed that the husbands abusive
physical, verbal and emotional violent behaviors
towards the wife and the failure of the husband to
provide financial and emotional supports to the family