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Each of your major senses picks up a specific type of stimulus from your environment. Your sense organs change those stimuli into nerve impulses and send the impulses to your brain.
Each of your major senses picks up a specific type of stimulus from your environment. Your sense organs change those stimuli into nerve impulses and send the impulses to your brain.
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Each of your major senses picks up a specific type of stimulus from your environment. Your sense organs change those stimuli into nerve impulses and send the impulses to your brain.
Copyright:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Formati disponibili
Scarica in formato PPTX, PDF, TXT o leggi online su Scribd
smell, taste, and touch • Each of your major senses picks up a specific type of stimulus from your environment • The sense organs change those stimuli into nerve impulses and send the impulses to your brain How Light Enters the Eye • Eyes respond to the external stimulus of light • They convert that stimulus into impulses that your brain interprets, and enables you to see • Light 1st strikes the cornea- clear tissue that covers the eye • Light then passes through a fluid filled chamber to the pupil • Pupil- the opening through which light enters the eye • Iris- circular structure that surrounds the pupil and regulates the amount of light entering the eye (eye color) How Light is Focused • Light passes through the pupil and strikes the lens • Lens- flexible structure that focuses light • Images produced by the lens are upside down and reversed • Light then passes through a transparent, jellylike fluid and strikes the retina • Retina- layer of receptor cells that lines the back of the eye • Receptor cells are rods and cones • Rod cells work best in dim light • Cone cells work well in bright light and see color • Impulses begin after light strikes the receptor cells and travel to the cerebrum through the optic nerve • The brain turns the image right-side up and combines the images from both eyes in the Correcting Vision Problems Nearsightedness Farsightedness
• Nearsightedness- CAN • Farsightedness- CAN see
see nearby objects distant objects clearly clearly, but have trouble seeing objects • Nearby objects are far away blurry • Caused by an eyeball • The lens of the eye that is too long bends light from nearby objects and do • Distant objects do not not focus focus sharply on the • Corrected with convex retina lenses • Hearing • Ears are the sense organs that respond to the external stimulus of sound • Ears convert sound to nerve impulses that the brain interprets How Sound is Sound Vibrations and
Produced Ears
• Sound is produced by • Structure of the ear
vibrations functions to receive • Vibrations create sound vibrations waves that move outward from the source • Waves consist of moving particles, such as molecules of air • Waves also travel through liquids and solids Structure of the Ear • 3 parts of the ear- outer ear, middle ear, and inner ear • Outer ear shaped as a funnel that enables the outer ear to gather sound waves • Eardrum- separates the outer ear from the middle ear; membrane that vibrates when sound waves strike it • Middle ear- 3 smallest bones of the body- hammer, anvil, and stirrup • Eardrum makes the hammer vibrate, hammer passes vibrations to the anvil, anvil pass them to the stirrup How You Hear • Stirrup vibrates against a thin membrane that covers the opening of the inner ear • Membrane channels the vibrations into the fluid in the cochlea • Cochlea- snail-shaped tube that is lined with receptors that respond to sound • Fluid in the cochlea vibrates and stimulates these receptors • Sensory neurons then send nerve impulses to the cerebrum through the auditory nerve Internal Stimuli and Balance • Ear also controls sense of balance • Semicircular canals- structures in the ear that are responsible for your sense of balance above the cochlea • Canals are full of fluid and are lined with tiny cells that have hairlike extensions • Movement causes fluid to move and make hairlike extensions bend • Bending creates stimulus that produces nerve impulses in sensory neurons • Impulses travel to the cerebellum to determine which way your head is moving Smell and Taste • Smell and taste depend on chemical that trigger responses in receptors in the nose and mouth • 50 different odors • 4 tastes- bitter, sweet, salty, and bitter • Flavor is determined by both smell and taste Touch • Sense of touch is found all over the body • Skin is the largest sense organ • Receptors responding to light touch are in the upper part of the dermis; also let you feel textures • Receptors deeper in the dermis pick up the feeling of pressure • Receptors responding to temperature and pain are found in the dermis Review • What function do the senses perform in the body? • • Describe the process by which your eyes produce an image of your surroundings. Begin at the point at which light is focused by the lens. • • • How do sound vibrations affect structures in the ear to produce the sensation of hearing? • • • How are the senses of taste and smell similar? How are they different?