Negative C2

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By dimas aps (dimasaps@yahoo.com)

OVERVIEW
Cell selection

Cell Selection in IDLE Mode, based on C1

To be selected
by the cell selection procedure, a cell has to
fulfill the C1 criterion C1>0, where
Radio Criteria
C1 =(A - Max(B,0))

A =Received Level Average- p1

B =p2 - Maximum RF Power of theMobileStation
p1 =rxLevelAccessMin
p2 =msTxPowerMaxCCH

This mean that the received downlink level has to be above

a threshold (rxLevelAccessMin), if using default
msTxPowerMaxCH=33 for GSM900 and 30 for DCS1800

OVERVIEW (C1)
Example : Cell with rxLevelAccessMin = 6 (-104 dBm)

-104 dBm -110 dBm

Real coverage by parameter

Real coverage by rx level
Fig. 1 The actual coverage in idle mode is when rx level at MS > -104 dBm

OVERVIEW (C2)
Cell Reselection
While moving within the radio network in idle mode, another
cell may be more appropriate to serve the MS. Therefore,
cell reselection may be performed
Cell Reselection criterion C2 :
C2 = C1 - cellReselectOffset
when
penaltyTime=640
C2 = C1 + cellReselectOffset - temporaryOffset x
H(penaltyTime-T) when penaltyTime640
Where
H(x)=1 when x>=0
and
H(x)=0 when x<0

OVERVIEW (C2)
Cell Reselection
The MS continuously recalculates the value of C1 and C2 for the
serving and neighbouring cells when a new measurement has been
made. It will reselect and camp on another cell if any of the following
criteria is satisfied:
the serving cell becomes barred
the MS has unsuccessfully tried to access the network the allowed
number of times, as defined by the maxNumberOfRetransmission
parameter
the MS detects a downlink signalling failure
C1 for the serving cell falls below zero for a period of five seconds
which would indicate that the path loss to the cell has become too
high
the value of C2 for a non-serving cell exceeds the value of C2 for the
serving cell for a period of five seconds. This would indicate an
appearance of a better cell. However, if the new cell belongs to a
different location area, a cell reselection hysteresis parameter, CRH,
also applies

OVERVIEW (C2)

Example : Cell Reselection Process

C2 A

Cell Reselection A to B
-47 dBm

B
C2 B
-110 dBm

Fig.2 MS will reselect from Cell A to B if C2 Cell B > C2 Cell A

OVERVIEW

Example : C1 and C2 calculation if there is no coverage gap between

seving cell (A,B,C) and neighboring cell (N)
Neighboring cell will become
best server in this area

Table 1. C1 and C2 calculation for area with there is no coverage gap

OVERVIEW

Example : C1 and C2 calculation if there is lack of coverage between

seving cell (A,B,C) and neighboring cell (N)
If there is coverage hole between serving cell and
neighboring cell, A,B will cover those area, for C will be
blank

Cell B will serving in area with high rx level

and also low rx evel level

Table 1. C1 and C2 calculation for area with coverage gap

OVERVIEW

Example : Serving cell area if there is coverage gap between seving cell
(B) and neighboring cell (N) with PenaltyTime for Cell B = 31 (640)
and cellReselectOffset is applied
Serve by cell B

N1

N2

Serve by cell N2

Serve by cell N1
Fig.3. Serving cell for area with coverage gap between serving and neighbour cell

OVERVIEW (C2)

Example : C1 and C2 calculation if there is no coverage hole

C2 A

Cell Reselection A to N

C2 N

Fig.4. cell reselection if rxLevelAccMin and cell reselect offset A and N is the same

The reselection point will move from the center

C2 N

C2 B

Cell dragging for cell N until low rx level

Fig.5. cell reselection for cell B and C

OVERVIEW (C2)

Example : C1 and C2 calculation if there is coverage gap between

serving and neighbouring cell
Rx level B

Rx level N
Fig.6. rx level for cell B/C and cell N

C2 B

Serve by Cell B

Serve by Cell N
Serve by Cell B

C2 N

This area contribute bad performance at cell B

Fig.7. cell reselection between B and N with CRO and TO applied at Cell B

OVERVIEW (C2)

Example : C1 and C2 calculation if there is coverage gap between

serving and neighbouring cell
Rx level C

Rx level N
Fig.6. rx level for cell B/C and cell N

C2 C

Serve by Cell C

Serve by Cell N
No coverage

C2 N

Fig.8. cell reselection for C and N with increase rxLevelAccmin setting at cell C

OVERVIEW
Adjustment rxLevelAccessMinimum to higher value
Advantage
the performance increase for the cell itself
Performance of neigbouring cell may be degrade due to cell dragging
(Fig.5)
Constraint
Some area may be no coverage on idle mode if there is coverage gap with
neigbouring cell (fig.8), but no problem for area with there no coverage
gap between cells (fig.5)
PenaltyTime=31
Advantage
No lack of coverage untill C1>0, it is mean untill rxlevel >
rxLevelAccessminimum
Constraint
Performance may be degrade for the cell itself due to some traffic coming
from cell edge area (fig.7)
Performance of neigbouring cell may be degrade due to cell dragging
(Fig.5)

IMPLEMENTATION PENALTY TIME=31 (sample)

End of Presentation
Thank You