c




   
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 v
 
 


DzThe link between infrastructure and economic

development is not a once and for all affair.
It is a continuous process; and progress in
development has to be preceded, accompanied,
and followed by progress in infrastructure, if we
are to fulfill our declared objectives of generating
a self-accelerating process of economic
development.dz


  

‘ ford dictionary
d Kasic structural foundation of a society or enterprise.
d roads, bridges, sewers etc regarded as a countrysǯ economic foundation.
ǥǥǥǥǥǥǥǥǥǥǥǥǥǥǥǥǥǥǥǥǥǥǥǥǥǥǥǥǥǥǥǥǥǥǥǥǥǥǥǥǥǥǥǥǥǥǥ.

  !"# $%$"%!Ô"!#&

îIrrigation and flood control.

î"
'¢ coal, electricity, oil & non-
conventional sources.
î ( ¢ Railways, roads, shipping & civil
aviation.
î%
)* )¢ P&T, telephones,
telecommunication
îKanking, finance and insurance.
3

 
 
d Infrastructure represents those types of capital goods that
serve the activities of many industries.
d The quality of an infrastructure directly affects a countryǯs
d economic growth potential and the ability of an enterprise
to
engage effectively in business.
d The less developed a country is the less adequate the
infrastructure is for conducting business.
d Countries begin to lose economic development ground
when
their infrastructure cannot support an e panding
population
and economy.
u

 
   
d ceavy investments by Government on
infrastructure facilities has resulted in 

+
)
) ' )*

( 
*)and 
,
+
)
))
 ) ( 
*)in last si decades.
d Infrastructure development has an
 ) 
Mpower, transport, communications, banking
etc). This led to inadequate development and
hence inadequate employment opportunities in
rural areas.
u

 
    
d Infrastructure development has also shown a
) )+ , + )* 
 ++


Mpower, transport, communication, health
etc). Even in rural areas the major irrigation
projects have benefited the rich farmers.
  
 




Item Unit 1950-51 2006-07

›
   


    

›      

›  
 
  
 




Item Unit 1950-51 2006-07

V     

     
"

!!
›
 #    $ 
%#    '(


# &
 

d ?vailability of energy is the single largest

factor which can act as constraint in the
economic growth of a country.
d India
Seventh largest energy producer.
Fifth largest energy consumer.
 

d Sources of energy
d ?vailability of primary energy in India
d Non-commercial energy resources in India
d Non-conventional sources of energy in India
d Trends in consumption of commercial energy
since 1950-51
d Energy crisis¢ The genesis
  

d The nature of energy crisis

d Measures to tackle energy problem in India
d Green power and bio-fuels
d Rural energy crisis and decentralized energy
d Wanted a national cooking policy

 

d Commercial sources of energy

Coal
Petroleum
Electricity
?ccounts for 50% of all energy consumption in
India
E haustible/ non-renewable

  

d Non-Commercial/ traditional sources of

energy
Firewood
Vegetable wastes
Dried dung
DzSupposeddz to be free
Renewable
More than 60% of Indian households depend for
their cooking & heating needs

 

d Net recoverable oil reserves l 550 mil tons

d Net recoverable gas reserves 500 bil cum
d ‘il may last only 20-25 years


d 
 (-
generated out of oil and gas

and nuclear energy.
d Potential for  

* )*(-
is 90,000
MW annually, whereas only 18,000 i.e. 20%
tapped.
d Share of total power produced
17% hydel
80% thermal
03% nuclear
 

d Considering the rich reserves of uranium &

thorium, potential for nuclear energy in India
is bright.
d There is acute shortage of power in India.
cydel and nuclear potential will have to be
tapped to gap this shortage.
|  

d Fuel wood.
65% of total rural energy consumption.
Fuel wood might be greater concern than food
grain in near future.
d ?gricultural Waste.Mstraw)
d ?nimal Dung
Used as fuel in rural areas.
73 million tons burnt per year, which is more than
fertilizer produced.
|    

 
d Solar energy and wind energy.
Potential unlimited but not yet fully tapped in
India due to absence of cost effective
technologies.
d Tidal Energy
   
   
1953-54 1970-71 2005-06
c   10 12 12
(  1 3 9
) 40 50 42
%
#  44 28 22
* 5 7 15
% 
 100 100 100



 
 
  
1953-54 1970-71 2005-06

›
 80 56 29

*

 17 35 54

+ 3 9 17

100 100 100




 Sources
 cydel power
d Thermal power
d Nuclear power
d Targets & achievements
d Chronic power shortage in India
d SEKs, problem institution in power sector
d Private sector reforms
d Rural electrification
 
  
 

1950-51 1970-71 2009-10

Industry 63 68 40
Agriculture 4 10 21
Railways 7 3 4
Public 13 10 12
lighting
Domestic 13 9 24
Total 100 100 100
u  


 !"""# 
ãear Hydro Thermal Nuclear Total

1950-51 0.6(33) 1.1(67) - 1.7

1970-71 6.4(43) 7.9(59) 0.5(2) 14.7

2000-01 25.1(25) 73.6(72) 2.9(3) 101.6

2006-07 34.7(26) 93.7(70) 3.1 132.5




d 63140 KM ..
d 6 MILLI‘N P?SSENGERS
d 350 M FRIEGT ?NNU?LLY

d 4 METR‘S
        

d ?bout 65% of freight and 80% passenger

traffic is carried by the roads.
d National cighways constitute only about 2%
of the road network but carry about 40% of
the total road traffic .
d Number of vehicles has been growing at an
average pace of 10.16% per annum over the
last five years.
   

d SEC‘ND L?RGEST IN TcE W‘RLD

LENGTcMIN KM)

1. EXPRESSW?YS 200
2. N?TI‘N?L cIGcW?YS 66,590
3. ST?TE cIGcW?YS 1,28,000
4. DISTRICT R‘?DS 4,70,000
5. RUR?L R‘?DS 26,50,000
   

d Road density in terms of

d P‘PUL?TI‘N - 2.56road km/1000people
d L?ND - 768road km/1000 sq.km land
   
  
d ( ) )
%( )
+)

d Indian ?irways
d Kingfisher
d ?ir India.
d ?ir Deccan
d Lufthansa India ?irlines
d ?ir Sahara.
d IndiGo
d ?lliance ?ir.
d Paramount ?irways Private Limited
d Jet ?irways
 !"#$$"% #
&" #'
d ?ccording to a Frost & Sullivan industry analyst, by 2012,
fi ed line revenues are e pected to touch US$ 12.2 billion
while mobile revenues will reach US$ 39.8 billion in India.
India has become the second country in the world to have
more than 100 million CDM?-based Mcode division multiple
access) mobile phone subscribers after the US, which has
157 million CDM? users. The Indian telecommunications
industry is on a growth trajectory with the GSM operators
adding nearly 9 million new subscribers in ?pril 2009,
taking the total user base to 297 million, a growth of 3.11
per cent over the additions made the previous month. The
figures, however, do not include the GSM subscriber
additions made by Reliance Telecom.
 ( #))!%*'& (+& '*%'

1) 
) *
%
)* ).))

2)  ) ) 
 .))

3) .
4) .
5) 
*)"
6) " )*
7) )
8) )

%
)* )
9) 
%

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10)   


,)*

K%,-&" #'
d RKI data says that there are 171 different banks that operate in India, as on June 08.
Together, these banks have 76,003 reporting offices across the country.
d /

0
+ 
?ll Scheduled Commercial Kanks 66 Regional Rural Kanks 88 ‘ther
scheduled commercial banks78 Non-Scheduled Commercial
Kanks5  171
+
( )'++)*

Rural30,955 Semi-Urban17,771 Urban14,412 Metropolitan12,865  
123
4 
' - * ((
 )' 
(
d Mlast quarter)
d 
?ggregate Deposits21.1 Gross Kank Credit19.4

)5 $  ?ggregate Deposits19.3 Gross Kank Credit21.5
$  ?ggregate Deposits24.4 Gross Kank Credit23.8

 () ?ggregate Deposits21.9 Gross Kank Credit2
d
&'%"&" #'

d life insurance premiums account to 2.5% and

general insurance premiums account to
0.65% of India's GDP
d allowing FDI up to 26%
d Now 47 pvt & public coǯs