Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
MANAGEMENT
(Theories of Motivation)
Yasya Vallabhaneni
o W ang
o Xin
Overview
Introduction
X Theory
Y Theory
Z Theory
Case study
Conclusion
Introduction
Used in Human Resources,Organization Behavioural
Analysis and Organizational Development
Pertains to Human Motivation
Describes three different attitudes towards workforce
motivation
Theory X of Management
Pessimistic Assumptions
Impediment to employee morale and productivity
Assumptions of Theory:
Inherently lazy and will avoid work
Only interested in money
In need of close supervision
Employees are
Have little ambition about incentive programs
Avoid Responsibility
Need to be driven through control systems
That it is their job to structure the work and energize the employee
Examples of Theory X
Prevelant in 19th century worker-managemant relationships
Slavery
Workers are no better than cattle
Caste Systems
Worst jobs to the least educated
Theory Y
Theory Y is based on a
completely different
assumption. It says that
employees love to work and
seek responsibilities. They
welcome change and prefer
to take an active part in
meetings, groups and
decision-making processes.
Montgomery in
Atlantic Ocean
MacArthur in Pacific
Marshall is over there
picking balls for me."
What is the Z
Theory of
Management?
I do not
understand
Three
things theory Z promotes
Stable employment
High productivity
High morale and satisfaction
7 Features:
Long-Term Employment
Consensual Decision Making
Individual Responsibility
Slow Evaluation AND Promotion
Informal Control with Formalized Measures
Moderately Specialized Career Path
Holistic Concern
EMPLOY
ER
EMPLOYE
E
Theory Z Companies
Ma
nag
em
ent
Con
cep
t
Mot
ivat
ion
Lea
der
shi
p
Douglas
McGregor
(Theory X &
Y)
William
Ouchi
(Theory Z)
Classify people
as either being
unwilling to
work, or being
self motivated
towards work.
Threats and
disciplinary
action are
thought to be
used more
effectively in
this situation
Believes
that people
are innately
self
motivated
to not only
do their
work, but
also are
loyal
towards the
company.
Theory X
leaders would
be more
authoritarian,
Theory Y
leaders would
be more
Theory Z
managers
would have
to have a
great deal
of trust that
their
Case study 1:
Mrs Thomas, a community nurse with 5 years experience, from another
health center wants to develop a teenage health education programme.
Permission is denied from her immediate new supervisor. Her previous
supervisor accepted changes and new ideas from juniors. She is
thinking of transferring to another facility with more autonomy although
she feels she can make a difference if given the opportunity to do so.
Case Study 2:
Samsung satisfies the following
management characteristics
The length of employment is neither short-termed nor lifetime
The organization culture values a collective approach, not individualization,
regarding mode of decision making.
Responsibility is assumed by the individual
The frequency of employee evaluation is low
The control depends on both implicit-informal and explicit-formal measures
The career path is moderately specialized
Conclusion
Which one would I choose?
I want to be a Theory Y manager and Theory Y Employee.