UNIX Introduction

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Importance of an Operating system

Applications
Operating
System
H/W

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Operating System
Operating System
Interfaces software & hardware
Interacts with Applications
Interacts with Users, as a language interpreter
Scheduling of multiple programs
Memory management

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Different OS
Windows
UNIX

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WINDOWS
Windows
GUI Based
Multi-user OS
Proprietary product from Micro-soft
User-friendly
Windows Flavours

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Win
Win
Win
Win
Win
Win
Win
Win

95
2000
NT
XP
Vista
2003
7
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UNIX
What is UNIX?
A computer operating system
A software development environment
Built in late '60s, early '70s
Built by Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie
Originally written in assembler, later re-written in
C (allowing greater portability), a language invented by Ritchie
Command Line
Multi-user, Multi-tasking OS
Open source
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UNIX Flavours

Sco-UNIX - Open Source

Linux - Red Hat /Fedora - RHEL 6 /Fedora 20 (Heisenbug)
AIX - IBM - AIX 7
HP-UNIX - HP - HP-UX 11i
Netware - Novell - Netware 6.5 as on 2009
Macintosh - Apple - OS X Mavericks (June 2013)
Solaris- Sun (Oracle Corp.) - Oracle Solaris 11(1st Cloud OS)
Ubuntu - Canonical Ltd.- Ubuntu 13/14
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UNIX Systems v/s Windows Systems

Unix

Windows

Very stable. They hardly crash

Not as stable as Unix systems,

prone to crashes more often
Some of the UNIX flavours are free
Proprietary software and cost is
involved
No virus attacks or very rare
Frequent attacks from virus
Better Performance
Lesser performance as compared to
UNIX
Not much user-friendly
User-friendly
Requires formal training for learning Simple & self learnable
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UNIX Architecture

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Kernel
The kernel is the heart of the operating system
It interacts with hardware
It receives the request from the shell and executes the
statement and returns the output
Tasks
Memory management
Task scheduling
File management

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Shell
Users communicate with the kernel through a program known as the
shell
The shell is a command line interpreter
It translates commands entered by the user and converts them into
a language that is understood by the kernel.
Tasks
Command interpretation
Programming interface

Types of Shells

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C Shell
Bourne Shell
Korn Shell
Bash shell(bourne again shell)

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Shell paths

Shell
Bourne
Bash
Korn
C

Full pathname
/bin/sh
/bin/bash
/bin/ksh
/bin/csh

$ echo $SHELL
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 Prefix

UNIX File System

- Regular file, such as an text file,

executable
b Block special file. Block input/output
device file such as a physical hard drive.(CD
ROMS, Flash drives)
c Character special file. Raw
input/output device file such as a physical
hard drive( virtual terminals)
d Directory file that contains a listing of
other files and directories.
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Unix file system architecture:

Navigation :
example1)
/home/mthomas/class_stuff/foo
example2) /bin/ksh
example3) /etc/passwd
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UNIX File System

Files are referenced by name

Absolute reference: beginning with "/
Relative reference: based on current directory
Shortcuts:
".." : parent directory
"."
: current directory
"~" : home directory

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