BLOOD

Blood the river of life that surges within

us. It is the only fluid tissue in the body. It is

complex connective tissue in which living
blood cells, the formed elements are
suspended in a nonliving fluid matrix called
plasma.
Buffy coat thin whitish layer form between
the erythrocytes and the plasma. Contains
leukocytes and platelets.
Albumin plasma protein; contributes to the
osmotic pressure in the blood, which acts to
keep water in the bloodstream.
Hemoglobin an iron-bearing protein,
transport the bulk of the oxygen that is

Antigen a substance that the body

recognizes as foreign; it stimulates the

immune system to release antibodies
Erythrocytes, or red blood cells (RBCs) are
small, flexible cells shaped like biconcave
disc flattened discs with depressed center on
both sides
Leukocytes, or white blood cells(WBCs) - are
the bodys defense system.
Thrombocytes, or Blood Platelets- are
responsible for blood Clotting.

Classification of WBC:
Granulocytes granule containing WBCs
1. Neutrophils most numerous WBC,
phagocytes
2. Eosinophils increases rapidly during
allergies and infections by parasitic worms
ingested in food or entering via the skin
3. Basophils rarest of the WBCs, contain
large histamine-containing granules
Agranulocytes:
1.Lymphocytes play an important role in
immune response, second most numerous
leukocytes
2. Monocytes largest of the WBCs; when
they migrate into the tissues they become

Homeostatic Imbalance:

Decrease RBC anemia;

increase RBC polycythemia
Leukocytosis a total WBC

count above normal; generally

indicates bacterial or viral
infection
Leukopenia abnormally low
WBC; commonly caused by

Platelets not cells in strict sense;

fragments of bizzare multinucleate cells

called megakaryocytes.
RBC life span is 100 to 120 days;

reticulocyte is young RBC and after 3-5 days

becomes mature RBC.
Erythropoietin controls erythrocyte
production
Hemostatis stoppage of bleeding

1.Vascular spasm occurs vasoconstriction of

blood vessels occurs, decreasing blood loss
until clotting can occur
2. Platelet plug forms platelets becomes

3. Coagulation event occur formation of fibrin

which forms meshwork to trap RBCs and form

the basis of the clot.
Homoestatic Imbalance:
Undesirable Clotting
*Thrombus a clot that develop and persist in
an unbroken blood vessel
*Embolus usually no problem unless or until it
lodges in a blood vessel
Bleeding Disorders
*Thrombocytopenia- results from an insufficient
number of circulating platelets
*Hemophilia- commonly called Bleeders
disease, result from a lack of any of the factors
needed from clotting