Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
T
O
R
Y
E
L
E
M
E
N
T
S
Specific Objectives
The students will be able to:
1. Identify and define the elements of the short story and
the novel:
a. Title
b. Plot
c. Conflict
d. Action
e. Suspense
f. Endings
g. Settings
h. Characterization
i. Point of view
j. Theme
Basic story
elements
ENGLISH 11TH & 12TH
Mr. Ruben Fuentes Velez
Academia Santo Toms de Aquino
Superior
Short Story
A prose narrative too brief to be
published in a separate volume- as
novella and novels frequently are.
It is usually focused narrative that
presents one or two main characters
involved in a single compelling
action.
single plot
few characters
short period of time
quick ending
Title
Is an important part of the story.
Gives you an idea of what the story
is about.
May focus the attention upon the
central character.
May give a clue to writers purpose.
May point to the basic idea or to a
symbol.
9
Settings
Stories have to take place
somewhere.
Time and place contribute to the
atmosphere of the story.
It is related to the narrators point of
view.
It may introduced at the beginning of
the story.
10
Place
Time
Weather conditions
Social conditions
Mood or
atmosphere
11
Character
By convention, the reader endows the
fictional character with moral, dispositional
and emotional qualities expressed in what the
character says the dialogue- by what he or
she does- the action.
What a character says and does in any
particular situation is motivated by his or her
desires, temperament and moral nature.
12
protagonists
antagonists
Protagonists vs antagonists
CHARACTERIZATION
The technique a writer uses to
create, reveal, or develop the
characters in a narrative.
The description of the
personalities of the characters in
the story and the way in which an
author reveals their personalities.
Examples of characterization
Plot
Name given to a particular structure
that many stories have.
Many stories do not have a plot.
How the author arranges events to
develop his basic idea
The sequence of events in a story or play
A planned, logical series of events having
a beginning, middle, and end
Short stories usually have one plot so it
can be read in one sitting
There are five essential parts of plot
Is the sequence of
events in which each
event results from a
previous one and
causes the next.
19
Plot order
1.Exposition - introduces the setting
character and the basic situation.
2.Inciting incident introduces the central
conflict.
3. Development- the conflict increases until
it reaches the climax
4. The climax is a high point of suspense.
5. Falling action or end of the central
conflict.
20
21
Plot structure
isin
gA
cti
De
ve
lop
me
nt/
R
n
tio
Ac
Exposition
g
llin
Fa
on
Climax
Inciting incident/Conflict
Resolution
1. Basic Situation
2. Characters
3. Setting
22
Special Techniques of
Plot
Symbolism
A symbol represents an idea, quality,
or concept larger than itself.
A journey can
symbolize life
A lion can be
a symbol of
courage.
Water may
represent
cleanliness
and renewal
A red rose
can
represent
love.
Flashback
Foreshadowing
This is a writers
technique in which
the author provides
clues or hints as to
what is going to
happen later in the
story. Its like the
music in a scary
movie when we know
that something bad is
about to happen.
Point of View
Is the perspective or vantage point,
from which a story is told.
Point of View
Innocent Eye
story told through the eyes of a child (his/her
judgment being different from that of an adult)
Stream of Consciousness
story told so that the reader feels as if they are
inside the head of one character and knows all
their thoughts and reactions.
First Person
story told by the protagonist or one of the
characters who interacts closely with the
protagonist or other characters
using pronouns I, me, we, etc
reader sees the story through this person's eyes as
he/she experiences it and only knows what he/she
knows or feels.
28
Omniscient
author can narrate the story using the omniscient point of view
moves from character to character, event to event, having free access
to the thoughts, feelings and motivations of his characters and
introduces information where and when he chooses
Omniscient Objective
29
Theme
is the controlling idea or central insight
is the author's underlying meaning or main
idea that he is trying to convey
may be the author's thoughts about a topic or
view of human nature
title of the short story usually points to what
the writer is saying
author may use various figures of speech to
emphasize his theme,
Symbol
Simile
Hyperbole
Allusion
Metaphor
irony
30
Examples of Theme
Some simple examples of common
themes from literature, TV, and film
things are not always as they appear to
be
Love is blind
Believe in yourself
People are afraid of change
Don't judge a book by its cover
33