Lighting Quality Standards

Presented by Sheetanshu Agarwal

LQS
LQS is a completely new set of rules for lighting industry
technology.
It is split into six parts and over 20 objective rating
criteria by which any lighting device or solution in the
world can be judged.
The LQS methodology is separated into six elements :

Ergonomics
Emotion
Ecology
Efficiency
Esprit
Exceptionality

Ergonomics

Ergonomics

The goal of ergonomics is to

Examine the impact of light on the human eye ,
Set up conditions that are comforting,
Reduce stressful or dangerous situations that can be
caused by adverse lighting conditions.

CRI(Color Rendering Index)

If the sun was a bulb , she would always be sold out
because we love her natural light and the way she
renders colors .

CRI(Color Rendering Index)

The colour rendering index indicates how closely the

colour of an object matches its appearance under the
relevant light source.
CRI is scaled from 1-100.

Natural outdoor lights has a CRI of 100.

CRI(Color Rendering Index)

The higher the CRI (0-100 scale ) , the more natural

the colors
appear .

CRI(Color Rendering Index)

To determine CRI , 15 defined test colours are

illuminated under the reference light source (CRI =
100) and then under the source being evaluated.

CRI(Color Rendering Index)

Ra is defined as Average Rendering Index which is the
average of the 8 colors from R1 to R8

R9 = 7 means that
this light Source does
not produce the same
color as the reference
in=87
red with reference to
Ra
100 (which is the CRI of
natural Light Source)

CRI(Color Rendering Index)

Importance
Standard defined in EN 12 464-1
demand for CRI of at least 80 for
living places.
In industries specially in printing
presses higher CRI >90 is required
where
correct colour assessment
is vital.
Retail or in shop windows to
correctly show the colour of clothing.
Inferior lights are to be used only in
corridors & storage spaces.

CRI(Color Rendering Index)

LQS Values:
Highest marks are awarded for CRI at or over
90.
CRI

LQS
Value

>90

80-90

70-80

60-70

40-60

20-40

Glare prevention

Glare is a visual sensation

caused by excessive and
uncontrolled brightness.
Light sources with too high
luminance can cause glare.
It makes reading a computer
screen or paper documents
more taxing and difficult.
When glare is present for a
long time, eye strain occurs
and even lead to health
problems.

Glare prevention

Prevention can be achieved by

1.Correct placement of luminaries:
The light from the luminaries should
be directed in such a way that light
reflected from visible objects would
not be directed into the eyes of a
worker when he is in the working
position.

Glare prevention

Prevention can be achieved by

2. Use large luminaries with low luminance. Surface
finishes that diffuse and scatter light should be used
instead of glossy ones that create strong reflections.
3. Luminaries with a butterfly-shaped
luminosity curve is desired with
maximum luminosity in the angled
parts of the curve.

Glare prevention
UGR
The probability of psychological glare can be estimated
by the
UGR(Unified Glare Rating) method.

0.25
L2
UGR 8. log

2
L
b
p

Where
L
luminance of lighting parts of every luminaire in the direction of the
eye (candela per square meter)
Cut off angle of a luminaire relative to the eye of an observer(in sr )
p Guth factor of a spatial position of every single luminaire relative to the
field of view.
L b Background illuminance(in candela per square meter)

Glare prevention
LQS Values
The maximum allowed UGR according to the EN 12 464-1
standard is 19 for most activities.
Technical drawing demands 16.
Higher ratings are allowed for less critical environments
such as reception (22) or archives (25).
Glare Prevention

LQS Value

UGR<16

UGR<19

UGR<22

UGR<25

UGR<28

Illumination level

The correct lighting should be able to convey

information necessary to carry out work tasks, to
motivate, to set positive mood or creative atmosphere.
Eye strain can be caused by improper illumination
level and by flicker of light. It leads to repeated errors
and tiredness.
Such lighting failures produce
unwanted effects
in retail areas and
in every other environment
where a
significant number of people are
present.

Illumination level
Task Area
Task area is the most important space in terms of
illumination quality
It demands constant and sufficient lighting without
any disturbing effects such as glare or flicker.
Graphic-intensive work or any other visually engaging
activity requires high-quality colour rendering
Designers Have to insist on
higher
quality lights.
Manager Bear higher cost &
extra
care in maintenance

Illumination level
Task Area
According to EN 12 464-1 standard the minimum lux for
office work is 500 Lux & even 1500 lux in the task of
quality control, colour inspection, painting,
manufacturing precious stones.
Technical drawing demands high-quality illumination
with shadow-free workplace.
Additional luminaries are added to diminish the shadow
effect.

Illumination level
Task Area
The optimal solution is the luminaire is
placed towards the working surface
slightly from the left of the employees
view.
This way the employees do not cast a
shadow upon the desk when they are
working and also good visibility of the
working tools spike or pens nib is
ensured.

Illumination level
Task Area
From LQS point of view a lighting solution can either
comply with the EN 12 464-1 standard or fail to do so.
Illumination level(task
area)

LQS value

Yes

No

Illumination level
Surrounding of Task Area
Along with the Correct illumination of task area the
immediate surroundings have to be taken into account
Sudden illuminance drops immediately outside the test
area causes problem to see the objects outside which
cause strain & stress.
The EN 12 464-1 defines the surrounding as the band
at least half a meter wide

Illumination level
Surrounding of Task Area
In this band the illuminance has to be at least 66 to 75
percent of the task area illuminance.
Illuminance on the
task area

Illuminance on
immediate
surrounding

>750

500

500

300

300

200

200

150

Lighting Uniformity
Uniform lighting allows us to perceive the environment
continuously and without sudden breaks caused by
lighting level drops.
The uniformity on room surfaces can be expressed as

Minimum Illuminance
Uniformity
Average Illuminance
Closer to 1 more is the Uniformity
Task area where technical drawing is the most
demanding,
requires a uniformity index of at least
0.7.
Other focus intensive tasks demand a ratio of 0.6.

Lighting Uniformity
Uniformity depends on types of luminaries used ,
their spatial position and their number.

Simulation of lighting
uniformity during the process
of designing the light in
dialux

View of classroom after

installing the lights

Lighting Uniformity
LQS Value
The EN 12464-1 standard requires certain tasks to be
provided with a certain uniformity of lighting.
If it complies with the Standard, LQS gives it 5 else 0.
Lighting Uniformity

LQS

Yes

No

Harmonious distribution of brightness

Brightness is the only quantity to which the human

eye responds.
Harmonious distribution of brightness affects
sharpness of vision and enables the human eye to
perceive the contrast.
To achieve an optimal distribution of brightnes
,brighter color walls furniture are used .
Selection of luminares with direct/indirect distribution
of light becomes key factor in harmonious distribution
of brightness.

Direct luminousLuminaire with direct as well as

flow
indirect luminous flow

Harmonious distribution of brightness

The faces of the pupils and teachers can be
recognised without any disturbing shadows.
This is possible with right level of vertical illumination.

Harmonious distribution of brightness

The current requirements from the standard
EN12464-1 require the minimal illuminance level 300
lux for the classrooms, for the vertical surfaces 50
lux and for the ceiling 30 lux.
According to LQS for the classroom space it is
recommended to achieve the vertical illuminance of
the wall surfaces 300 lux and the horizontal ceiling
illuminance 300 lux

Harmonious distribution of brightness

According to EN 12464-1

LQS Recommendation

Harmonious distribution of brightness

LQS Value
Harmonious distribution of brightness

LQS Value

Em(wall)>150lx with Uo>0.3;Em(ceiling)>75lx

with Uo>0.3

Em(wall)>75lx with Uo>0.3;Em(ceiling)>50lx

with Uo>0.3

Em(wall)>75lx with Uo>0.1;Em(ceiling)>50lx

with Uo>0.1

Em(wall)>50lx with Uo>0.1;Em(ceiling)>30lx

with Uo>0.1

Em(wall)>30lx with Uo>0.1;Em(ceiling)>10lx

with Uo>0.1

Emotion

Availability of day light

The human kind spends much of the day in the

interior spaces.
Scientific research has shown that there is positive
impact of natural light on the human visual and
psychological well-being, their performance efficiency
and the ability to concentrate.
The task of the artificial light is to simulate the natural
light where it is not present.

Availability of day light

Human eye reacts amiably to large continuous areas
of light hitting the eye. The white coloured areas
helps in reflection of the light from white wall.
The lighting solution should utilize the reflections
from walls and especially from the ceiling the highest
possible extent.

Blue light content

Scientists have discovered the new
photoreceptor which is susceptible to
blue part of visible spectrum.
Blue light especially prominent during
the daylight, signalizes to the body
the very fact that it is day and not
night.
Absence of the blue light in the
spectrum can lead to reduced
performance efficiency.
Its appropriate proportion in the light
spectrum of the artificial light source
can affect positively the psychological
well-being in the way help in stimulate
their efficiency during working hours.

Daylight Simulation

The daylight is the most natural type of light for

people.
Artificial light should adapt to its properties as much
as possible by changing the intensity and the color
The daylight simulation is implemented together
with the daylight sensor
Daylight sensor assesses the lighting intensity in the
room during the day and according to this it increases
or decreases the performance of the luminaires.

Daylight Simulation

Good
morning
Cool, fresh
light raises the
energy level of
students
coming into
the school and
provides a
good start to
the day.

Lunch time
A short rest helps
the students to
recharge out
batteries. The light
level decreases
and the warm light
facilitates
relaxation.

Post-lunch dip
After lunch
students usually
feel sleepy. The
light level rises
again and
changes to cool
white to counter
the post lunch
dip.

Happy hour
Just before the
end of the school
day a change to
cooler white light
provides an
alertness boost
ahead of the
journey home.

Tunable White
LED technologies allow to change the color of white
from warm to cool spectrum
This has many different uses
RETAIL: The baked goods show the best under warm
lighting, suggesting freshness hence increases the sale.
The jewels and precious metals show the best in cold
colour mix, underlining the shiny glitter of the metals.
HOSPITALITY: Warm lighting provide comfortable
atmosphere in hotel lobbies. The lobby lighting can be
then changed to business settings from leisure one
OFFICE: In workplace different settings of white can be
used during lunch hours, providing a relaxing
environment. Then the lights can be switched to
different settings during workhours to increase
productivity.

Tunable White

Biological factor of illumination

LQS Values
Biological factor of
illumination

Availabi
lity

LQS
Values

Availability of daylight

No/Yes

0/1

Blue light content

No/Yes

0/1

Daylight simulation

No/Yes

0/1

Tunable white

No/Yes

0/1

Illumination of room surfaces

Lower values the illumination of the wall and especially
of the ceiling
could make an impression of too much
darkness.
It arouses a feeling of depression in the employees.
In the office space lighting the usual standards are set
upThis
in the
LG7 calls
recommendation.
standards
for
taking into account for
both direct & indirect
light source & reflected
light
In this way we achieve
optical enlargement of
the
space which
eventually improves the
comfort of employees.

Illumination of room surfaces

Vertical Illumination
The vertical illumination which is based on the ability of
the human eye to respond to the light falling from above
plays an important role for the lighting of an office
By choosing the luminaries which emphasis the vertical
surfaces we achieve optical brightening and enlarging
the space.
It enables the employees to recognize shapes and faces
better.

Illumination of room surfaces

Ceiling Illumination
The ceiling of a work space represents a large reflection area.
To make use of its potential, indirect luminaries can be used to
illuminate the ceiling.
The reflected light creates an impression of homogeneity and it
most truthfully copies the properties of natural light.
According to LG7 the ceiling illuminance should achieve the amount
of 30 % of the value for horizontal illuminance of the working surface.
LQS places even heavier demands for the ceiling illuminance and
assesses the spaces with the ceiling illuminance of 75 lx with the score of
5 points.

Illumination of room surfaces

Recessed luminaires with a

parabolic louvre ensures
sufficient illumination of
the workplace but the
upper parts of the walls
and the ceiling remain
dark. It causes a feeling of
a cave effect and makes
the room optically smaller.

The optimal
solution involving
types of the
luminaires which
are suspended,
with both direct
and indirect
characteristics of
the luminous flux
distribution.

The new solution involving

the latest types of
luminaires which are
recessed, with direct and
indirect distribution of the
luminous flux direct part of
the luminous flux towards
the ceiling. The room
seems optically larger with
the ceilings illuminated.

EMOTIONAL LIGHTING

This category includes two different types of illumination

1. Ambient lighting It gives the space overall mood and
tone.
2. Accent lighting Emphasise and draw attention to detail.
Ambient lighting

Accent lighting

EMOTIONAL LIGHTING

The ambient illumination completes the overall atmosphere of the

space according to the customers vision and the interior designers
as well.
The accent lighting directs the attention to the selected object and
emphasises its exceptionality.

EMOTIONAL LIGHTING

LQS Values
Accent lighting

LQS Value

Yes

No

Ambient lighting

LQS Value

Yes

No

RGB color mixing

With the advent of LEDs designers are able to use color

mixing to the highest possible extent.
The mood and atmosphere of a store can be radically
changed by colour, with different colours having a strong
impact on customer reaction to a space.
For example red is very stimulating, blue is cool and fresh
and pink is positive and encourages customers to linger.
Dynamic control of the lighting can change according to the
season purpose or time of day
Lighting in the bar can provide intimacy in one evening and
strong brave colors during disco in another evening.
Shops can choose their color mix according to the type of
the clothes collection being sold.

RGB color mixing

Instead of making frequent and expensive modifications to

a stores interior, it is possible to change everything simply
using light, changing colours at the touch of a button

RGB color mixing

LQS Values
RGB color
mixing

LQS Value

Yes

No

Ecology

Latest Lamp Technology

LED is more effective , consumes less energy

Emits less heat
Contains very low level of hazardous material
High in efficacy(lm/W) ie very high lumens
output(lm) wrt to the input power (W).
Although the initial costs of LED luminaires is
higher, the return on investment in the form of
energy savings and practically no maintenance
costs will make the LED luminaires great value
for money .

Latest Lamp Technology

Efficacy of light sources :

System efficiency of luminaire

System efficacy refers to the effectiveness of lighting

fixture.
It means how well it can direct the light whilst

reducing losses on the surfaces of the optical

system to a minimum.
Lumen output of luminaire lm
System efficiency
[ ]
Installed power of luminaire W

Light output Ratio

LOR is the ratio of the light source output to the

lighting fixture output
It shows how well the luminaire is designed and how
much light is lost in its optical systems.

Lumen output of luminaire

LOR
x 100%
Lumen output of light source

The more efficient materials are used higher the LOR.

Light output Ratio

LQS Values
System efficiency of
luminaire

LQS

> 80 lm/W

> 70 lm/W

> 65 lm/W

> 55 lm/W

> 40 lm/W

> 30 lm/W

Thermal output of lamp

All light sources emit a certain amount of IR radiation,

energy that is lost as heat rather than being useful as light,
In incandescent bulb 95 % of the energy consumed is
emitted as heat, and only 5 % as light.

LED
Temperature of objects
26.7C, Temperature of
air 25C

Metal-halide
Temperature of objects
37.8C, Temperature of
air 25C

Thermal output of lamp

IR radiations affects food items specially fruit if kept over
2 days or more.

LED
0 hour

Metal halide
0 hour

Thermal output of lamp

IR radiations affects food items specially fruit if kept over
2 days or more.

LED
72 hours

Metal halide
72 hours

Thermal output of lamp

IR radiations affects food items specially fruit if kept over
2 days or more.

LED
96 hours

Metal halide
96 hours

Thermal output of lamp

LQS Value
Thermal output of lamp

LQS value

<15% proportion of IR
radiation

<26% proportion of IR
radiation

<28% proportion of IR
radiation

<31% proportion of IR
radiation

<60% proportion of IR
radiation

>60% proportion of IR
radiation

Dangerous material content

Other light sources have mercury

which is a heavy metal of high
intoxicity
Risk arises when a lamp is broken
during handling, or disposed of
inappropriately then it releases
vapours into the air or material
into the soil.
When damaged during handling it
can cause short-term health
effects such as nausea and mental
distress.
LED comes to the fore as the
safest and most responsible option
as they contain no mercury at all.

Dangerous material content

LQS Values
Dangerous material
Content

LQS value

Mercury content 0mg

Mercury content
<0.5mg

Mercury content
<1.5mg

Mercury content
<2.4mg

Mercury content <5mg

Mercury content >5mg

Product Lifetime and maintenance costs

The main reason why peopleswitched from using incandescent
bulbs tofluorescentlamps is their lifetime(10,000 hours)
But fluorescent light sources wear off rapidly when they are
frequently switched
on and off.

Product Lifetime and maintenance costs

The main reason why peopleswitched from using incandescent
bulbs tofluorescentlamps is their lifetime(10,000 hours)
But fluorescent light sources wear off rapidly when they are
frequently switched
on and off.
LEDs standardly have a lifetimeof 50,000 hours, if a lighting
fixture is used
12hours per day, seven days perweekthe
light source will function for more than 11 years.
This is beneficialas lamp replacement is costly interms of the
material, personnel, time and equipmentneeded.

Product Lifetime and maintenance costs

Product life time

LQS
Values

>50000 hours

>24000 hours

>19000 hours

>12000 hours

>10000 hours

>2000 hours

Efficiency

Presence detector

It allows the luminaires to be switched on only when

somebody appears in the space.
It is automatic control equipped with a sensor responding
to the heat of the moving persons in the detection area.
The presence detector can be
used both in the indoor and outdoor
applications with different sensitivity
and mounting height.

Presence detector

If there is
nobody at the
moment in the
office or another
office space, the
presence
detector
switches off the
lighting

When an employee
enters the room,
the presence
detector responds
to the infrared
radiation which the
human body emits
and switches on
the lighting.

The presence detector can be

adjusted in such a way that the
lighting will not switch off in a
vacant room immediately after
the last person leaves it, but
gradually

Presence detector

Presence detector

LQS values

Yes

No

Constant illuminance sensor

The task of this sensor in the office spaces is to ensure
constant illuminance independently of the state of the
luminaires in the lighting system.
For the sensor to be able to fulfil its function it is necessary to
count on its installation already during the design phase of the
lighting system which has to be over-dimensioned from the
very beginning of the design.

Constant illuminance sensor

Every lighting system is over-dimensioned, minimally by 20

%.
At the end of the lifetime it still achieves the required
illuminance intensity.
Using the constant illuminance sensor we can achieve 20 %
energy savings during the first years of the lifetime.

Constant illuminance sensor

LQS Value
Constant Illuminance
Sensor

LQS Value

Yes

No

Daylight Sensor

The daylight has decisive importance on the health and

psychological well-being of people
it is important to create such environment at the workplace
which will be able to imitate the properties of the daylight
as truthfully as possible.
The light conditions change during the day in dependence
of the time of the day, weather and the season of the year.
The task of the artificial lighting is to balance the
differences and to complete or to replace in full extent the
natural light when its availability is limited.

Daylight Sensor

20%

70%

40%

100%

Daylight Sensor

LQS Value
Daylight Sensor

LQS Value

Yes

No

Thank You