PRESENTATION ON TOUCH

TECHNOLOGY

Presented by:- TANU AGRAWAL

Introduction
Atouch screenis anelectronic visual
displaythat can detect the presence
and location of a touch within the
displayarea.Touchscreenscansense
Fingerandotherpassiveobjects,such
as astylus. However, if the object
sensedisactive,aswithalightpen.

History & Development

In1971Dr.SamHurst,founderofElographicsdevelopedthe
firsttouchopaquesensorElographattheUniversityof
Kentucky.
In1974Hedevelopedthefirstrealtouchscreen.
In1977,Elographicsdevelopedthefive-wireresistive
technologythenwiththebackingofSiemensCorporation,
developedacurvedglasssensorcalledthetouch screen.
Thenewtransparenttechnology,AccuTouch,waslater
developedbythefoundersofElographics,Dr.HurstandBill
Colwell

Dr.SamuelHurst
Thefatherofthetouchscreentechnology

isDr.SamuelHurst.In1971,whilehewas
workingasaninstructorattheUniversityof
Kentucky Research Foundation, he had to
read a great volume of information during
the graduation exams. In an effort to save
sometimeheinventedthefirsttouchsensor
that he called lo graph(electronic
graphics), which allowed him to enter data
faster.

FirstTouchPhone
Applewasthefirstwithatouch
screen phone in1983. Jason
FordofEloTouchSystems,the
company whose founder
invented
touch
screen
technology, for providing the
touch technology. In 1971, the
first "touch sensor" was
developed by Doctor Sam
Hurst.

FirstTouchMobile
TheNokia 7710is a first touch
screen mobile phone model
produced byNokia. The 7710 is
based on theNokia 7700which
was never released. It is Nokia's
first, and so far only smart phone
to run theSeries 90GUI a top
theSymbianOS.

TypesofTouchTechnologies
Therearemainly4typesoftouchTechnologies:1.Resistive
2.Surfaceacousticwave
3.Capacitive
4.Infrared

Resistive
Aresistivetouchscreenpaneliscomposed
of several layers, the most important of
which are two thin, metallic,electrically
conductivelayers separated by a narrow
gap. When an object, such as a finger,
pressesdownonapointonthepanel'souter
surface the two metallic layers become
connected at that point. This causes a
change in the electrical current, which is
registered as a touch event and sent to
thecontrollerfor processing. It is used
inGrocery Stores, Hotels, Restaurants and
RetailStores.

Advantages&DisadvantagesofResistive
Advantages
Cost-effectivesolution
Activatedbyanystylus
Veryaccurate
Lowpowerrequirements
Liquidswon'taffecttouchscreenperformance
Disadvantages
Polyestersurfacecanbedamaged
Lowerendurance(35milliontouches)

SurfaceAcousticWave(SAW)

Surface acoustic wave(SAW) technology

usesultrasonicwavesthatpassoverthetouchscreenpanel.
When the panel is touched, a portion of the wave is
absorbed. This change in the ultrasonic waves registers the
position of the touch event and sends this information to
thecontrollerfor processing. SAW touch screen technology
is suggested for use in ATMs, Amusement Parks, Gaming
Environments,IndustrialControlRoomsetc.

Advantages&DisadvantagesofSAW
Advantages
Durableglassconstruction
Highopticalclarity
Activatedbyafinger,glovedhand,orsofttipstylus
Disadvantages
Movingliquidsorcondensationcancausefalsetouches
Solidcontaminantscreatenon-touchareasuntilremoved
Doesn'tsupportdragordraweffectively

Capacitive
Acapacitive touch screen panel
consists of aninsulatorsuch
asglass,
coated
with
a
transparentconductorsuch
asindiumtinoxide(ITO).Asthe
human body is also aconductor,
touchingthesurfaceofthescreen
results in a distortion of the
body'selectrostaticfield,
measurable as a change
incapacitance.

Advantages&DisadvantagesofCapacitive
Advantages
Scratchresistant,durablesurface
Highendurance(225milliontouches)
Veryaccurate
Goodopticalclarity
Liquidswon'taffecttouchscreenperformance
Disadvantages
Doesnotworkwithglovedfingersorstylus

Infrared
Aninfraredtouch screen uses
an
array
of
X-Y
infraredLEDandphoto
detectorpairs around the edges
of the screen to detect a
disruptioninthepatternofLED
beams. Infra-red bezels have
proven to be a very reliable
technology
for
use
in
ATMs,Medical Instrumentation
and Transportation Tracking
applications.

Advantages&DisadvantagesofInfraredTouch
Screen
Advantages
-Highestqualityofunderlyingimage
-Veryhightransmittance
-Excellentanti-glare,withuseofchemicallyetchedglass
-Canbeactivatedwithalmostanydevice
-Higheraccuracythanothertechnologies
-Veryhighdurabilityandreliability
Disadvantages
- Surfaceobstructionscancauseafalsetouch
Itisverysensitiveandcanbeactivatedbystraytouches.
Lowresolution
Parallaxproblems

TouchScreenTechnologyComparisonChart
Resistive

Infrared

SAW

Capacitive

Touch
Resolution

High

High

Average

High

Clarity

Average

Good

Good

Good

Operation

Finger or Stylus Finger or Stylus Finger or Softtipped Stylus

Finger only

Durability

Can be
Damaged by
Sharp Objects

Highly durable

Highly Durable

Susceptible to
Dirt and
Moisture

Advantages&DisadvantagesofallTouch
Technology
Touchscreenshaveseveraladvantagesoverotherpointingdevices:
Atouchscreeniseasytouse(astheusersimplytoucheswhatheor
sheseesonthedisplay).
Savespaceasnobuttonsarerequired.
Touchingavisualdisplayofchoicesrequireslittlethinkingandisa
formofdirectmanipulationthatiseasytolearn.
Touchscreensarethefastestpointingdevices.
Touchscreenshaveeasierhandeyecoordinationthanbuttons.
Touchscreensaredurableinpublicaccessandinhighvolumeusage.

Disadvantages

Screenhastobereallybignottomissthingswhenpressingthemwith
yourfinger:
Bigscreenleadstolowbatterylife.
Touchscreenmeansscreencantbereadtoowellindirectsunlightas
itappliesanadditionalnot100%transparent.
Touchscreendevicesusuallyhasnoadditionalkeys(seetheiPhone)
andthismeanswhenanappcrashes,withoutcrashingtheOS,you
cantgettothemainmenuasthewholescreenbecomesunresponsive.
Mostuserinterfacesarenotoptimizedforthumboperation,soa
stylusinnecessary,andthismeansusingtwohands
Screensgetverydirty.
Thesedevicesrequiremassivecomputingpowerwhichleadstoslow
devices.

CLOSINGTHOUGHTS
Though the touch screen
technology contains some
limitations its very user
friendly, fast, accurate, easy
for the novices & fun to
operate. It has been widely
accepted. And now by just
modifying a little it can
replace the mouse and key
board completely in near
future.