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INTRODUCTION
Electro Discharge Machining (EDM) is an electro-thermal nontraditional machining process, where electrical energy is used to
generate electrical spark and material removal mainly occurs due to
thermal energy of the spark.
OBJECTS MANUFACTURED BY
EDM
HISTORY
In 1770, the EDM process was invented by two Russian scientists, Dr.
B.R. Lazarenko and Dr. N.I. Lazarenko. Their initial process used a
spark machining process, that took place between two electrical
conductors immersed in a dielectric fluid.
In 1969 Agie launched the world's first numerically controlled wirecut EDM machine. Seibu developed the first CNC wire EDM machine
1972 and the first system manufactured in Japan.
AVAILABLE EQUIPMENT
CHARMILLES ROBOFORM 22 SINKER EDM (AUTO ELECTRODE CHANGE)
MATERIAL REMOVING
MECHANISM
EDM is a thermal process, removing material from the two
electrodes because of melting and/or vaporization, along with
pressure dynamics established in the spark-gap by the collapsing of
the plasma channel.
TYPES OF EDM
1. SINKER EDM
It consists of an electrode and workpiece submerged in an
insulating liquid such as oil. The electrode and workpiece are
connected to a suitable power supply. The power supply generates
an electrical potential between the two parts. As the electrode
approaches the workpiece, dielectric breakdown occurs in the fluid,
forming a plasma channel, and a small spark jumps.
2. WIRE EDM
MECHANISM OF WEDM
The wire, which is constantly fed
from a spool, is held between
upper and lower diamond guides.
The
guides,
usually
CNCcontrolled, move in the xy plane.
On most machines, the upper
guide
can
also
move
independently in the zuv axis,
giving rise to the ability to cut
tapered and transitioning shapes
(circle on the bottom square at
the top for example).
The upper guide can control axis
movements in xyuvi-jkl.
This allows the wire-cut EDM to be
programmed to cut very intricate
and delicate shapes.
APPLICATIONS
1. PROTOTYPE PRODUCTION
CHARACTERISTICS
The process can be used to machine any work material if it is
electrically conductive
Material removal depends on mainly thermal properties of the work
material rather than its strength, hardness etc
In EDM there is a physical tool and geometry of the tool is the
positive impression of the hole or geometric feature machined
The tool has to be electrically conductive as well. The tool wear
once again depends on the thermal properties of the tool material
Though the local temperature rise is rather high, still due to very
small pulse on time, there is not enough time for the heat to diffuse
and thus almost no increase in bulk temperature takes place. Thus
the heat affected zone is limited to 2 4 m of the spark crater
ADVANTAGES
Complex shapes that would otherwise be difficult to produce
with conventional cutting tools
DISADVANTAGES
The slow rate of material removal.
The additional time and cost used for creating electrodes for
ram/sinker EDM.
THANKS
Q&A