Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
L
COMPEHENSIV
E
Action
Force
Inertia
Statics
Action
Force
Inertia
Statics
collinear forces
coplanar force system
non concurrent force system
parallel force system
collinear forces
coplanar force system
non concurrent force system
parallel force system
Action
Dynamics
Moment
Statics
Action
Dynamics
Moment
Statics
1
1
1
1
Kg*M/s
Kg*M/s2
Kg*mm/s2
Kg*mm/s
1 Kg*M/s
1 Kg*M/s2
1 Kg*mm/s2
1 Kg*mm/s
Applied force
Equilibrium force
Reaction force
Resultant force
Applied force
Equilibrium force
Reaction force
Resultant force
Compression
Moment
Moment arm
Tension
Compression
Moment
Moment arm
Tension
Axial
Force System
Parallel force system
Vector
Axial
Force System
Parallel force system
Vector
Direction
Gravitational force
X component
Y component
Direction
Gravitational force
X component
Y component
plasticity
elastic deformation
elastic range
all of the above
plasticity
elastic deformation
elastic range
all of the above
Maximum Strength
Rupture Strength
Ultimate strength
Yield Point
Maximum Strength
Rupture Strength
Ultimate strength
Yield Point
axial force
compression
normal force
tension
axial force
compression
normal force
tension
Maximum Strength
Rupture Strength
Ultimate strength
Yield Point
Maximum Strength
Rupture Strength
Ultimate strength
Yield Point
Compression
Moment
Tension
Torsion.
Compression
Moment
Tension
Torsion.
Action
Force
Moment
Statics
Action
Force
Moment
Statics
1
1
1
1
N/
N/
N/
N/
m
m
mm
mm
1 N/ m
1 N/ m
1 N/ mm
1 N/ mm
Direction
Gravitational force
X component
Y component
Direction
Gravitational force
X component
Y component
internal force
external force
moment
moment arm
internal force
external force
moment
moment arm
concentrated load
combination load
uniformly distributed load
uniformly varying load
concentrated load
combination load
uniformly distributed load
uniformly varying load
bending formula
flexure formula
neutral axis
uniformly distributed loads
bending formula
flexure formula
neutral axis
uniformly distributed
loads
Formula of Moment?
Force x Distance
Functional meaning of Moment of
Inertia
Mathematical meaning of Moment of
Inertia
Moment of Inertia
Formula of Moment?
Force x Distance
Functional meaning of Moment of
Inertia
Mathematical meaning of Moment of
Inertia
Moment of Inertia
beams
girts
Studs
none of the above
beams
girts
Studs
none of the above
Essential facilities
Hazardous facility
Miscellaneous occupancy
Special occupancy
Essential facilities
Hazardous facility
Miscellaneous occupancy
Special occupancy
Essential facilities
Hazardous facility
Miscellaneous occupancy
Standard occupancy
Essential facilities
Hazardous facility
Miscellaneous occupancy
Standard occupancy
Essential facilities
Hazardous facility
Miscellaneous occupancy
Special occupancy
Essential facilities
Hazardous facility
Miscellaneous occupancy
Special occupancy
Hook
Splice
Stirrup
Tie
Hook
Splice
Stirrup
Tie
90 degrees
135 degrees
150 degrees
180 degrees
90 degrees
135 degrees
150 degrees
180 degrees
Essential facilities
Hazardous facility
Miscellaneous occupancy
Standard occupancy
Essential facilities
Hazardous facility
Miscellaneous occupancy
Standard occupancy
8
10
12
15
8
10
12
15
Development length
Moment of Inertia
Ratio and proportion
Slenderness ratio
Development length
Moment of Inertia
Ratio and proportion
Slenderness ratio
Bottom bar
Metal plate
Stirrups
temperature bar
Bottom bar
Metal plate
Stirrups
temperature bar
Dowel
Extra bar
Stirrup
Tie
Dowel
Extra bar
Stirrup
Tie
8
10
12
15
8
10
12
15
Admixture
Aggregate
Mortar
Sand
Admixture
Aggregate
Mortar
Sand
inflection point
maximum moment
neutral axis
section of zero shear
inflection point
maximum moment
neutral axis
section of zero shear
Conduction joint
Construction joint
Contraction joint
Contact joint
Conduction joint
Construction joint
Contraction joint
Contact joint
Bottom Bar
Hook
Main Bar
Top Bar
Bottom Bar
Hook
Main Bar
Top Bar
Admixture
Aggregate
Concrete
Mortar
Admixture
Aggregate
Concrete
Mortar
Conduction joint
Construction joint
Construction joint
Contact joint
Conduction joint
Construction joint
Construction joint
Contact joint
Admixture
Aggregate
Mortar
Sand
Admixture
Aggregate
Mortar
Sand
Conduction joint
Construction joint
Creep
Cold joint
Conduction joint
Construction joint
Creep
Cold joint
Dowel
Extra bar
Stirrup
Tie bar
Dowel
Extra bar
Stirrup
Tie bar
Conduction joint
Construction joint
Creep
Cold joint
Conduction joint
Construction joint
Creep
Cold joint
Bottom Bar
Hook
Main Bar
Top Bar
Bottom Bar
Hook
Main Bar
Top Bar
Brace System
moment of couple
moment of inertia
none of the above
Brace System
moment of couple
moment of inertia
none of the above
Bond stress
Working stress
Ultimate stress
Yielding stress
Bond stress
Working stress
Ultimate stress
Yielding stress
movable load
seismic load
wind load
none of the above
movable load
seismic load
wind load
none of the above
Soft Storey
Weak Storey
Overdesigned Storey
None of these
Soft Storey
Weak Storey
Overdesigned Storey
None of these
Hazardous Facilities
Distribution Facilities
Seismic Facilities
Essential Facilities
Hazardous Facilities
Distribution Facilities
Seismic Facilities
Essential Facilities
Diaphragm
Diaphragm Strut
Brace
Platform
Diaphragm
Diaphragm Strut
Brace
Platform
Skeletal Frame
Braced Frame
Platform
Skeletal Frame
Braced Frame
Platform
Retarder
Plasticizer
Accelerator
Retarder
Plasticizer
Accelerator
1 years
2 year
5 years
10 years
1 years
2 year
5 years
10 years
1,000 Kg
2,400 Kg
5,500 Kg
7,850 Kg
1,000 Kg
2,400 Kg
5,500 Kg
7,850 Kg
1,000 Kg
2,400 Kg
5,500 Kg
7,850 Kg
1,000 Kg
2,400 Kg
5,500 Kg
7,850 Kg
1,000 Kg
2,400 Kg
5,500 Kg
7,850 Kg
1,000 Kg
2,400 Kg
5,500 Kg
7,850 Kg
Pnuematic Gunite
Pnuematic mortar
Shotcrete
Pnuematic Gunite
Pnuematic mortar
Shotcrete
Fracture State
Limit state
Rupture state
Ultimate strength
Fracture State
Limit state
Rupture state
Ultimate strength
Limit Stage
Inelastic failure
Metal Fatigue
Torsional rupture
Limit Stage
Inelastic failure
Metal Fatigue
Torsional rupture
Axial load
Buckling load
Deflecting load
Eccentric load
Axial load
Buckling load
Deflecting load
Eccentric load
Contraflexure point
Hinge
Roller
Support
Contraflexure point
Hinge
Roller
Support
Continuous beam
Fixed beam
Semi-continuous beam
Simply supported beam
Continuous beam
Fixed beam
Semi-continuous beam
Simply supported beam
Bearing pressure
Hydrodynamic pressure
Hydraulic pressure
Uplift pressure
Bearing pressure
Hydrodynamic pressure
Hydraulic pressure
Uplift pressure
Bolt
Eyebar
Rocker
Tunbuckle
Bolt
Eyebar
Rocker
Tunbuckle
Caisson
Cofferdam
Riprap
Sheet pile
Caisson
Cofferdam
Riprap
Sheet pile
Buckling moment
Overturning moment
Buckling moment
Overturning moment
Chevron bracing
Knee brace
Stiffener
Sway brace
Chevron bracing
Knee brace
Stiffener
Sway brace
Sand drain
Soil investigation
Soil Evaluation
Soil Stabilization
Sand drain
Soil investigation
Soil Evaluation
Soil Stabilization
Cistern
Cofferdam
Septic tank
Sump
Cistern
Cofferdam
Septic tank
Sump
Gerber beam
Grade beam
Strap beam
Tie beam
Gerber beam
Grade beam
Strap beam
Tie beam
Accelerograph
Deflectometer
Seismograph
Seismometer
Accelerograph
Deflectometer
Seismograph
Seismometer
Compaction
Liquidity
Liquefaction
Settlement
Compaction
Liquidity
Liquefaction
Settlement
Grade beam
Lintel beam
Spandrel beam
Transom beam
Grade beam
Lintel beam
Spandrel beam
Transom beam
Angle of cohesion
Angle of inclination
Angle of repose
Angle of cohesion
Angle of inclination
Angle of repose
cantilever slab
one-way slab
slab on fill
two-way slab
cantilever slab
one-way slab
slab on fill
two-way slab
plastic analysis
seismic analysis
structural analysis
stress analysis
plastic analysis
seismic analysis
structural analysis
stress analysis
girders
jack rafter
Purlins
rafters
girders
jack rafter
Purlins
rafters
girders
jack rafter
Purlins
rafters
girders
jack rafter
Purlins
rafters
girders
jack rafter
Purlins
rafters
girders
jack rafter
Purlins
rafters
girders
jack rafter
Purlins
rafters
girders
jack rafter
Purlins
rafters
deformation
loads
reactions
stresses
deformation
loads
reactions
stresses
Inflection Point
Neutral axis
Maximum Moment
Section Modulus
Inflection Point
Neutral axis
Maximum Moment
Section Modulus
Contraction joint
Construction joint
Expansion joint
Truss joint
Contraction joint
Construction joint
Expansion joint
Truss joint
Contraction joint
Construction joint
Expansion joint
Truss joint
Contraction joint
Construction joint
Expansion joint
Truss joint
Contraction joint
Construction joint
Expansion joint
Truss joint
Contraction joint
Construction joint
Expansion joint
Truss joint
Bearing wall
Curtain wall
Retaining wall
Shear wall
Bearing wall
Curtain wall
Retaining wall
Shear wall
Bearing wall
Curtain wall
Retaining wall
Shear wall
Bearing wall
Curtain wall
Retaining wall
Shear wall
Bearing wall
Curtain wall
Retaining wall
Shear wall
Bearing wall
Curtain wall
Retaining wall
Shear wall
Bearing wall
Curtain wall
Retaining wall
Shear wall
Bearing wall
Curtain wall
Retaining wall
Shear wall
Acceleration
Deflection
Deformation
Reflection
Acceleration
Deflection
Deformation
Reflection
Acceleration
Deflection
Deformation
Reflection
Acceleration
Deflection
Deformation
Reflection
Acceleration
Deflection
Deformation
Reflection
Acceleration
Deflection
Deformation
Reflection
Acceleration
Deflection
Deformation
Reflection
Acceleration
Deflection
Deformation
Reflection
Piles at an inclination to
resist forces that are not
critical?
Guide piles
Batter piles
Slope piles
Fender piles
Piles at an inclination to
resist forces that are not
critical?
Guide piles
Batter piles
Slope piles
Fender piles
Bond stress
Ultimate stress
Working stress
Yielding stress
Bond stress
Ultimate stress
Working stress
Yielding stress
Bond stress
Ultimate stress
Working stress
Yielding stress
Bond stress
Ultimate stress
Working stress
Yielding stress
Bond stress
Ultimate stress
Working stress
Yielding stress
Bond stress
Ultimate stress
Working stress
Yielding stress
Allowable stress
Bending Stress
Moment of Inertia
Proportional limit
Allowable stress
Bending Stress
Moment of Inertia
Proportional limit
Allowable stress
Bending Stress
Moment of Inertia
Proportional limit
Allowable stress
Bending Stress
Moment of Inertia
Proportional limit
Allowable stress
Hooks law
Law of Elasticity
Moment of Inertia
Allowable stress
Hooks law
Law of Elasticity
Moment of Inertia
The deformation of a
structural member as a
result of loads acting on it.
Deflection
Inflection
Strain
Stress
The deformation of a
structural member as a
result of loads acting on it.
Deflection
Inflection
Strain
Stress
Girder
Girt
Purlin
Rafter
Girder
Girt
Purlin
Rafter
Concentrated load
Dead load
Distributed load
Live load
Concentrated load
Dead load
Distributed load
Live load
Concentrated load
Dead load
Distributed load
Live load
Concentrated load
Dead load
Distributed load
Live load
Concentrated load
Dead load
Distributed load
Live load
Concentrated load
Dead load
Distributed load
Live load
Concentrated load
Dead load
Distributed load
Live load
Concentrated load
Dead load
Distributed load
Live load
Cross-sectional area
Development length
Effective length
Equivalent distance
Cross-sectional area
Development length
Effective length
Equivalent distance
Cross-sectional area
Development length
Effective length
Equivalent distance
Cross-sectional area
Development length
Effective length
Equivalent distance
Cross-sectional area
Development length
Effective length
Equivalent distance
Cross-sectional area
Development length
Effective length
Equivalent distance
In formula e = PL/AE, E
stands for:
Elongation
Equilibrium
Modulus of elasticity
Total deformation
In formula e = PL/AE, E
stands for:
Elongation
Equilibrium
Modulus of
elasticity
Total deformation
Elongation
Equilibrium forces
Modulus of elasticity
Total deformation
Elongation
Equilibrium forces
Modulus of elasticity
Total deformation
Bottom bar
Metal plate
Stirrups
Temperature bar
Bottom bar
Metal plate
Stirrups
Temperature bar
Diameter
Height
Perimeter
Radius
Diameter
Height
Perimeter
Radius
Base
Base
Base
Base
Area
Diameter
Perimeter
Radius
Base Area
Base Diameter
Base Perimeter
Base Radius
Allowable stress
Bending stress
Flexural stress
Tensile stress
Allowable stress
Bending stress
Flexural stress
Tensile stress
Allowable stress
Bending stress
Flexural stress
Tensile stress
Allowable stress
Bending stress
Flexural stress
Tensile stress
Allowable stress
Bending stress
Flexural stress
Tensile stress
Allowable stress
Bending stress
Flexural stress
Tensile stress
Allowable stress
Bending stress
Flexural stress
Tensile stress
Allowable stress
Bending stress
Flexural stress
Tensile stress
Allowable stress
Bending stress
Flexural stress
Tensile stress
Allowable stress
Bending stress
Flexural stress
Tensile stress
Cement
Gravel
Lime
Sand
Cement
Gravel
Lime
Sand
Maximum strength
Safety factor
Strength limit
None of these
Maximum strength
Safety factor
Strength limit
None of these
Maximum strength
Safety factor
Strength limit
None of these
Maximum strength
Safety factor
Strength limit
None of these
extension, at free
extension, at free
extension, at free
Bond stress
Working stress
Ultimate stress
Yielding stress
Bond stress
Working stress
Ultimate stress
Yielding stress
Brace System
moment of couple
moment of inertia
none of the above
Brace System
moment of couple
moment of inertia
none of the above
Bearing wall
Brace frame
Structure
All of the above
Bearing wall
Brace frame
Structure
All of the above
Dowel
Extra bar
Stirrup
Tie
Dowel
Extra bar
Stirrup
Tie
box system
braced frame
Freeform
space frame
box system
braced frame
Freeform
space frame
Girt
Girder
Sheath
stud
Girt
Girder
Sheath
stud
Load-bearing walls
Dead load
Shoring walls
None of these
Load-bearing walls
Dead load
Shoring walls
None of these
Development length
Cross-sectional area
Effective length
Equivalent distance
Development length
Cross-sectional area
Effective length
Equivalent distance
Brace
Couple
Moment
none of the above
Brace
Couple
Moment
none of the above
Area
Perimeter
Volume
None of the above
Area
Perimeter
Volume
None of the above
Grout
Laittance
Mortar
Plaster
Grout
Laittance
Mortar
Plaster
Reaction
Resultant
Moment
inertia
Reaction
Resultant
Moment
inertia
Cantilever beam
continuous beam
semi- continuous beam
simple beam
Cantilever beam
continuous beam
semi- continuous beam
simple beam
Brace System
moment of couple
moment of inertia
none of the above
Brace System
moment of couple
moment of inertia
none of the above
bending formula
flexure formula
neutral axis
uniformly distributed
loads
bending formula
flexure formula
neutral axis
uniformly distributed
loads
Concentrated load
Deflection
moment diagram
shear diagram
Concentrated load
Deflection
moment diagram
shear diagram
Development length
Cross-sectional area
Effective length
Equivalent distance
Development length
Cross-sectional area
Effective length
Equivalent distance
Beam
Corbel
Cornice
planks
Beam
Corbel
Cornice
planks
clear span
effective span
Span
neutral axis
clear span
effective span
Span
neutral axis
clear span
effective span
span
neutral axis
clear span
effective span
span
neutral axis
Moment
Moment of inertia
Section Modulus
Shear
Moment
Moment of inertia
Section Modulus
Shear
clear span
effective span
span
neutral axis
clear span
effective span
span
neutral axis
Deflection
Inflection
Moment
Shear
Deflection
Inflection
Moment
Shear
Axial Force
Load
Stress
Strain
Axial Force
Load
Stress
Strain
clear span
effective span
Span
neutral axis
clear span
effective span
Span
neutral axis
Anchor bolts
Foundation bolts
Friction bolts
Retaining bolts
Anchor bolts
Foundation bolts
Friction bolts
Retaining bolts
Anchor bolts
Foundation bolts
Friction bolts
Retaining bolts
Anchor bolts
Foundation bolts
Friction bolts
Retaining bolts
Prestress cables
Reinforcements
Tenon cables
Tendon
Prestress cables
Reinforcements
Tenon cables
Tendon
THE CODE
NATIONAL STRUCTURAL
CODE OF THE
PHILIPPINES
200
300
400
500
mm
mm
mm
mm
200 mm
300 mm
400 mm
500 mm
25mm
50mm
75mm
100mm
25mm
50mm
75mm
100mm
10
20
30
40
db
db
db
db
10 db
20 db
30 db
40 db
15
18
21
24
M
M
M
M
15 M
18 M
21 M
24 M
6 db
8 db
10 db
12 db
6 db
8 db
10 db
12 db
20mm
25mm
40mm
50mm
20mm
25mm
40mm
50mm
150
200
250
300
mm
mm
mm
mm
150 mm
200 mm
250 mm
300 mm
50 mm
75 mm
100 mm
125 mm
50 mm
75 mm
100 mm
125 mm
1.50 db
1.75 db
2.0 db
2.15 db
1.50 db
1.75 db
2.0 db
2.15 db
300mm
375mm
450mm
500mm
300mm
375mm
450mm
500mm
0.70
0.75
0.85
0.90
0.70
0.75
0.85
0.90
0.70
0.75
0.85
0.90
0.70
0.75
0.85
0.90
L/10
L/20
L/24
L/28
L/10
L/20
L/24
L/28
L/10
L/20
L/24
L/28
L/10
L/20
L/24
L/28
L/10
L/20
L/24
L/28
L/10
L/20
L/24
L/28
L/10
L/20
L/24
L/28
L/10
L/20
L/24
L/28
25%
30%
35%
50%
25%
30%
35%
50%
10
15
30
60
days
days
days
days
10 days
15 days
30 days
60 days
150
150
200
250
Kph
Kph
Kph
Kph
150 Kph
150 Kph
200 Kph
250 Kph
30
40
50
60
30
40
50
60
200 MM
250 MM
300 MM
350 MM
200 MM
250 MM
300 MM
350 MM
12 db
6 db
8 db
10 db
12 db
6 db
8 db
10 db
50mm
25mm
75mm
100mm
50mm
25mm
75mm
100mm
2.0 db
2.15 db
1.50 db
1.75 db
2.0 db
2.15 db
1.50 db
1.75 db
375mm
450mm
500mm
300mm
375mm
450mm
500mm
300mm
25mm
16mm
28mm
36mm
25mm
16mm
28mm
36mm
12
10
50
40
db
db
db
db
12 db
10 db
50 db
40 db
100 mm
75 mm
50 mm
150 mm
100 mm
75 mm
50 mm
150 mm
20mm
25mm
40mm
50mm
20mm
25mm
40mm
50mm
0.85
0.75
0.90
0.70
0.85
0.75
0.90
0.70
0.70
0.75
0.85
0.90
0.70
0.75
0.85
0.90
L/20
L/24
L/28
L/10
L/20
L/24
L/28
L/10
L/20
L/24
L/10
L/28
L/20
L/24
L/10
L/28
L/20
L/24
L/10
L/28
L/20
L/24
L/10
L/28
L/20
L/24
L/10
L/28
L/20
L/24
L/10
L/28
0.40
0.60
0.75
0.70
0.40
0.60
0.75
0.70
0.40
0.60
0.75
0.70
0.40
0.60
0.75
0.70
d/2
d/4
d/5
d/2
d/4
d/5
Braced frame
Diaphragm
Collector
Braced frame
Diaphragm
Collector
Truss
Truss
50%
25%
30%
35%
50%
25%
30%
35%
50%
60%
30%
40%
50%
60%
30%
40%
15 days
10 days
30 days
60 days
15 days
10 days
30 days
60 days
50%
10%
20%
60%
50%
10%
20%
60%
0.80 M
0.60 M
1.50 M
2.00 M
0.80 M
0.60 M
1.50 M
2.00 M
0.80 M
0.60 M
6.00 M
1.00 M
0.80 M
0.60 M
6.00 M
1.00 M
500 mm
400 mm
200 mm
300 mm
500 mm
400 mm
200 mm
300 mm
30 Mpa
15 Mpa
10 Mpa
5 Mpa
30 Mpa
15 Mpa
10 Mpa
5 Mpa
100 mm
150 mm
200 mm
250 mm
100 mm
150 mm
200 mm
250 mm
100 Kpa
50 Kpa
150 Kpa
200 Kpa
100 Kpa
50 Kpa
150 Kpa
200 Kpa
10mm
12mm
16mm
20mm
10mm
12mm
16mm
20mm
10mm
12mm
16mm
20mm
10mm
12mm
16mm
20mm
15%
20%
10%
15%
20%
10%
1.50 M
2.00 M
2.50 M
3.00 M
1.50 M
2.00 M
2.50 M
3.00 M
1.50 M
2.00 M
2.50 M
3.00 M
1.50 M
2.00 M
2.50 M
3.00 M
10 times
20 times
30 times
15 times
10 times
20 times
30 times
15 times
17.50 Mpa
20 Mpa
15 Mpa
25 Mpa
17.50 Mpa
20 Mpa
15 Mpa
25 Mpa
17.50 Mpa
20 Mpa
15 Mpa
25 Mpa
17.50 Mpa
20 Mpa
15 Mpa
25 Mpa
75 mm
100 mm
125 mm
150 mm
75 mm
100 mm
125 mm
150 mm
20 Mpa
15 Mpa
25 Mpa
35 Mpa
20 Mpa
15 Mpa
25 Mpa
35 Mpa
300 mm
250 mm
350 mm
400 mm
300 mm
250 mm
350 mm
400 mm
Essential facilities
Hazardous facility
Standard occupancy
Essential facilities
Hazardous facility
Standard occupancy
Miscellaneous occupancy
Essential facilities
Special occupancy
Hazardous facility
Miscellaneous occupancy
Essential facilities
Special occupancy
Hazardous facility
Miscellaneous occupancy
Essential facilities
Special occupancy
Hazardous facility
Miscellaneous occupancy
Essential facilities
Special occupancy
Hazardous facility
Miscellaneous occupancy
Essential facilities
Special occupancy
Hazardous facility
Miscellaneous occupancy
Essential facilities
Special occupancy
Hazardous facility
L/300
L/360
L/200
L/240
L/300
L/360
L/200
L/240
L/240
L/300
L/360
L/200
L/240
L/300
L/360
L/200
1.50
1.0
1.50
1.0
1.0
2.50
2.0
1.50
1.0
2.50
2.0
1.50
50%
60%
80%
75%
50%
60%
80%
75%
70 M
50 M
15 M
18 M
70 M
50 M
15 M
18 M
1.15
1.0
2.15
0.87
1.15
1.0
2.15
0.87
1.0
0.87
1.15
2.15
1.0
0.87
1.15
2.15
1.0
1.15
0.87
2.0
1.0
1.15
0.87
2.0
1.0
1.15
0.87
2.0
1.0
1.15
0.87
2.0
1.0
1.15
0.87
2.0
1.0
1.15
0.87
2.0
Exposure A
Exposure B
Exposure C
Exposure D
Exposure A
Exposure B
Exposure C
Exposure D
Exposure A
Exposure B
Exposure C
Exposure D
Exposure A
Exposure B
Exposure C
Exposure D
Exposure A
Exposure B
Exposure C
Exposure D
Exposure A
Exposure B
Exposure C
Exposure D
150 Kph
250 Kph
125 Kph
200 Kph
150 Kph
250 Kph
125 Kph
200 Kph
200 Kph
125 Kph
150 Kph
250 Kph
200 Kph
125 Kph
150 Kph
250 Kph
200 Kph
125 Kph
150 Kph
250 Kph
200 Kph
125 Kph
150 Kph
250 Kph
3.50 Mpa
4.0 Mpa
4.25 Mpa
5 Mpa
3.50 Mpa
4.0 Mpa
4.25 Mpa
5 Mpa
0.30
0.45
0.50
0.75
0.30
0.45
0.50
0.75
300
250
200
350
300
250
200
350
200
300
250
350
200
300
250
350
0.60 Fy
0.50 Fy
0.45 Fy
0.40 Fy
0.60 Fy
0.50 Fy
0.45 Fy
0.40 Fy
0.60 Fy
0.45 Fy
0.33 Fy
0.66 Fy
0.60 Fy
0.45 Fy
0.33 Fy
0.66 Fy
700 mm
500 mm
600 mm
400 mm
700 mm
500 mm
600 mm
400 mm
140 mm
200 mm
250 mm
100 mm
140 mm
200 mm
250 mm
100 mm
140 mm
200 mm
250 mm
100 mm
140 mm
200 mm
250 mm
100 mm
0.75 Fy
0.60 Fy
0.45 Fy
0.66 Fy
0.75 Fy
0.60 Fy
0.45 Fy
0.66 Fy
0.75 Fy
0.60 Fy
0.45 Fy
0.66 Fy
0.75 Fy
0.60 Fy
0.45 Fy
0.66 Fy
300 mm
400 mm
350 mm
250 mm
300 mm
400 mm
350 mm
250 mm
50%
60%
80%
50%
60%
80%
50 mm
100 mm
25 mm
40 mm
50 mm
100 mm
25 mm
40 mm
6 diameter of connector
10 diameter of connector
12 diameter of connector
5 diameter of connector
6 diameter of connector
10 diameter of connector
12 diameter of connector
5 diameter of connector
8 diameter of connector
6 diameter of connector
5 diameter of connector
10 diameter of connector
8 diameter of connector
6 diameter of connector
5 diameter of connector
10 diameter of connector
30
50
26.70
35
30
50
26.70
35
50
70
65
50
70
65
800
750
900
800
750
900
THANK
YOU !!!