SAD

MELJUN CORTES

Systems Design
Definition

Definition
Systems design is simple the design

of systems. It implies a systematic

and rigorous approach to design -- an
approach demanded by the scale and
complexity of many system problems.
Is the third of the five stages of

Systems Development Life Cycle

(SDLC).

Definition
To develop a logical model of the

system and considered various

development strategies.
To create a blueprint that will satisfy all

documented requirements for the

system. At this stage, the user interface
will be designed and all the necessary
outputs, inputs, and processes will be
identified.

Flowchart
Definition

Definition
A flow chart is a graphical or

symbolic representation -- This

diagrammatic representation can
give a step-by-step solution to a
given problem -- of a process,
showing the steps as boxes of
various kinds, and their order by
connecting these with arrows.

Definition
Flowcharts are used in analyzing,

designing, documenting or managing a

process or program in various fields.
Each step in the process is represented

by a different symbol and contains a

short description of the process step.
All processes should flow from top to
bottom and left to right.

Flowchart
Symbols

Start and End symbol

Represented as

circles, ovals or
rounded rectangles,
usually containing
the word "Start" or
"End", or another
phrase signaling the
start or end of a
process, such as
"submit enquiry" or
"receive product".

Start

End

Arrow Symbol
Showing "flow of

control".
An arrow coming
from one symbol
and ending at
another symbol
represents that
control passes to
the symbol the
arrow points to.

Generic Processing Symbol

Represented as

rectangles.
Denotes the
process to be
carried out
Examples: "Add 1
to X"; "replace
identified part";
"save changes" or
similar.

Add 1 to X

Save changes

Input/Output Symbol
Represented as a

parallelogram.
Denotes an input
operation or
output operation.
Examples: Get X
from the user;
display X.

Get X

Display X

Conditional or Decision
Symbol
Represented as a

diamond showing
where a decision is
necessary, commonly a
Yes/No question or
True/False test.
The conditional symbol
is peculiar in that it has
two arrows coming out
of it, usually from the
bottom point and right
point, one
corresponding to Yes or
True, No or False.

Is x
=>
10?

No

Yes

Labeled connectors
Represented by an

identifying label
inside a circle.
Labeled
connectors are
used in complex or
multi-sheet
diagrams to
substitute for
arrows.

Flowchart
Types

Types
Document flowcharts
Showing controls over a document-flow

through a system

Data flowcharts
Showing controls over a data flows in a

system

Types
System flowcharts
Showing controls at a physical or

resource level

Program flowchart
Showing the controls in a program within

a system

Types
High-Level Flowchart
A high-level (also called first-level or top-

down) flowchart shows the major steps in a

process.
It illustrates a "birds-eye view" of a process.
It can also include the intermediate outputs
of each step (the product or service
produced), and the sub-steps involved.

Types
Detailed Flowchart
The detailed flowchart provides a detailed

picture of a process by mapping all of the

steps and activities that occur in the
process.
This type of flowchart indicates the steps or
activities of a process and includes such
things as decision points, waiting periods,
tasks that frequently must be redone
(rework), and feedback loops.

Types
Deployment or Matrix Flowchart
A deployment flowchart maps out the

process in terms of who is doing the steps.

It is in the form of a matrix, showing the
various participants and the flow of steps
among these participants.
It is chiefly useful in identifying who is
providing inputs or services to whom, as
well as areas where different people may
be needlessly doing the same task.

Data Flow Diagram

Introduction

Definition
Data Flow Diagram (DFD) is a

graphical representation of the "flow"

of data through aninformation
system, modeling
itsprocessaspects.
DFDs can also be used for the

visualization ofdata
processing(structured design).

Definition
Often they are a preliminary step used

to create an overview of the system

which can later be elaborated.
A DFD shows what kinds of data will

be input to and output from the

system, where the data will come from
and go to, and where the data will be
stored.

Definition
It does not show information about

the timing of processes, or

information about whether processes
will operate in sequence or in
parallel.

Data Flow Diagram

Symbols

Symbols

Context Diagram
Introduction

Definition
In software engineering and systems

engineering, a Context Diagram is a

diagram that represents the actors
outside a system that could interact
with that system.

Definition
A context diagram is a data flow

diagram, with only one massive

central process that subsumes
everything inside the scope of the
system.
It shows how the system will receive

and send data flows to the external

entities involved.

Definition
Context Diagram is the highest level

view of a system.
Context Diagrams shows a system,

often software-based, as a whole and

its inputs and outputs from/to
external factors.
It is similar to a Block diagram.

Gantt Chart
Introduction

Definition
A Gantt chart is a graphical

representation of the duration of tasks

against the progression of time.

A Gantt chart is a useful tool for

planning and scheduling projects.

Gantt charts illustrate the start and

finish dates of the terminal elements

and summary elements of a project.

Definition
Terminal elements and summary elements

comprise the work breakdown structure of

the project.

Some Gantt charts also show the

dependency relationships between activities.

A Gantt chart is a horizontal bar chart

developed as a production control tool in

1917 by Henry L. Gantt, an American
engineer and social scientist.