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Objective
At the end of this course, you will be able to understand:
GPRS network architecture and characteristics
GPRS interfaces and protocols
GPRS air interface technology
GPRS working flow
Evolution from GPRS to 3G
Content
GPRS Network Overview
GPRS Radio Interface technology
GPRS Mobility Management
GPRS Session Management
GPRS Data Transferring Process
Process of Evolution from GPRS to 3G
What is GPRS?
GPRS Features
GPRS features
adapted to aperiodic bursty data service
uplink and downlink can be asymmetrical. Data rate is changeable.
flexible resource management style
GPRS Services
Bearing service
WWW scanning, FTP, WAP and E-mail etc.
PTP
Unconnected PTP service (PTP-CLNS) like IP
Connected PTP service (PTP-CONS) like X.25
GPRS Services
Telecom Service
PTP: E-mail, electronic monitoring, online games
PTM weather forecast
Mobile IP
Complementary service
GSM phase2 supplementary service supported by GPRS
GPRS specified supplementary service
System message1
System message 3
System message 5
System message 2
System
message
System message 4
System message 13
PCU Function
RLC/MAC layer function
access permission
SGSN Function
Network Access Control
Authentication
Management
encryption
IMEI
SN-MS
check
of SG
logical links
Acknowledgement
Mobility
information
Endorsement
info.
or
unacknowledgement
transfer
Path Management
SGSN-BSS
data
transferring path
management
SGSN-GGSN
and
SGSN-SGSN path
management
and transferring
of user data
Router selection
Address translation and
mapping
Package and tunneling
transferring
Charge Management
GGSN Function
Network Access Control
Message
filtering
Charging
info collection
data
transferring path
management
SGSN-GGSN
Router selection
management
and transferring
Mobility
and
info
Endorsement
Service Management
Storage
and transferring
of user data
Management
SGSN-SGSN path
management
Charge Management
CG
charging
Radius
of APN
info
charging
HLR Function
User authentication
HLR
SS7
Gs
Gr
Gi
BTS
BSC PCU
SGSN
IP Network
GGSN
Gb
Abis
Um
MS
Gn
Gn
Gn
SGSN
GPRS
Backbone
Gn
GGSN
BG
BG
Gp
BG
BG
Other PLMN
Um interface
Through which MS communicate with GPRS network supporting
Gb interface
SGSN communicates with BSS and MS via Gb interface which
supports the function of packet data transferring, GMS and SM. This
interface is a must in GPRS network.
Gi interface
Gi interface connects GPRS with exterior packet data network. GPRS
Gn interface
Gn interface is interface between GPRS service supporting nodes,
Gs interfaces
Via Gs interface , SGSN together with MSC realizes the function
Others
Gr Gd GP Gc Gf.
IP/X.25
Relay
SNDCP
GTP
SNDCP
LLC
GTP
LLC
UDP/TCP
UDP/TCP
IP
IP
Relay
RLC
BSSGP
RLC
BSSGP
MAC
MAC
Network
Service
Network
Service
L2
L2
GSM RF
GSM RF
L1 bis
L1 bis
L1
L1
Um
MS
BSS/PCU
Gb
SGSN
Gn
GGSN
Gi
Physical layer
Its categorized into radio frequency layer and physical layer
Protocol of L1bis L1 L2
There are no fixed regulations on that. Different
RLC/MAC
RLC provides reliable RL for upper service and MAC is
NS
BSSGP
Relay
Relay in BSS is relay LLC PDU between Um and Gb while Relay in SGSN
is to relay PDP PDU between Gb and Gn.
LLC
LLC is reliable and protective logical link between MS and SGSN
SNDCP
Its network protocol which is responsible for mapping,
GTP
UDP/TCP
IP
GPRS backbone network protocol is used for router selection and signaling
control. GPRS backbone network preliminarily use IP V4, later will use IP V6.
GMM/SM
MAP
MAP
LLC
LLC
TCAP
TCAP
SCCP
SCCP
Relay
RLC
RLC
MAC
MAC
GSM RF
BSSGP
BSSGP
MTP3
MTP3
Network
Service
GSM RF L1bis
Network
Service
L1bis
MTP2
MTP2
L1
L1
Um
MS
BSS
Gb
SGSN
SGSN
MS-SGSN
GTP
GTP
UDP
UDP
IP
IP
L2
L2
L1
L1
GSN
Gn
GSN-GSN
GSN
Gr/Gf/Gd
BSSAP+
BSSAP+
SCCP
SCCP
MTP3
MTP3
MTP2
MTP2
L1
L1
HLR
SGSN-HLR/EIR/SMS
MAP
TCAP
SCCP
SCCP
MTP3
MTP3
MTP2
MTP2
L1
L1
GGSN
Gc
HLR
MSC/VLR
SGSN-MSC/VLR
Interworking
MAP
TCAP
Gs
SGSN
GTP
GTP
MAP
MAP
TCAP
TCAP
UDP
UDP
SCCP
SCCP
IP
IP
MTP3
MTP3
L2
L2
MTP2
MTP2
L1
L1
L1
L1
GGSN
Gn
GSN
Gc
HLR
Content
GPRS Network Overview
GPRS Radio Interface technology
GPRS Mobility Management
GPRS Session Management
GPRS Data Transferring Process
Process of Evolution from GPRS to 3G
PDTCH/CS1
Traffic CH
Logical CH
PDTCH/CS2
PDTCH/CS3
PDTCH/CS4
PS
PBCCH
PRACH
Control CH
PCCCH
PAGCH
PPCH
PNCH
PACCH
PDCCH
PTCCH/D
PTCCH/U
Service Volume
When GPRS traffic is not intense, GPRS and circuit traffic
MS Multi-slot Class
BSS should make best resource allocation according to MS multislot class, Qos requested and current resource allocation
condition.
A series
Can attach GPRS network and GSM network simultaneously
B series
Can attach GPRS network and GSM network simultaneously
C series
Cant attach GPRS network and GSM network simultaneously.
B1
B2
B3
B4
B5
B6
RLC Block
B7
B8
B9
B10
B11
T = PTCCH,
I= Idle frame
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
TDMA frame
Except PRACH and PTCCH/U, the unit of logical channels is Block with the
occupancy sequence is B0, B6, B3, B9, B1, B7, B4, B10, B2, B8, B5, B11.
52 Multiframe Description
most.
Basic unit of radio resource allocation and radio transferring is BLOCK.
One BLOCK includes 4 TDMA frame which is the smallest unit of user
occupancy.
Surplus 4 burst is used for measuring and reporting TA
Multiple users scramble for these blocks, in this way the goal of packet
share is achieved.
CS Coding Scheme
RLC / MAC layer
RLC Data
BCS
Radio block
Convolutional coding
Puncturing
456 bits
Physical layer
4 bursts
Coding scheme
CS-1
CS-2
CS-3
CS-4
Code rate
1/2
~ 2/3
~ 3/4
1
BCS
40
16
16
16
Bit rate
9.05 kbit/s
13,4 kbit/s
15,6 kbit/s
21,4 kbit/s
CS Coding Scheme
and CS-2 is the same with that of voice service with the coverage of
90 100 C/I of CS-3 is higher C/I of CS-4 is much higher
and favorable radio environment are required.
PDTCH Allocation
Concepts
USF
TBF
TFI
Each TBF is assigned one TFI, and its possible to use one TFI in different
directions. TFI assignment before LLC frame transmission. RLC & MAC
related to one specified TBF must include one TFI.
PDTCH Assignment
static assignment
dynamic assignment
PDTCH Assignment
GPRS
user 1
GPRS
user 2
GPRS
user 3
GPRS
user 5
GPRS
user 4
Speech
call 1
TS0
TS1
CS
PS
Idle
GPRS
user 6
Speech
call 2
TS2
TS3
TS4
TS5
PS
PS
CS
CS
Speech
call 3
TS6
PS
TS7
CS
PDTCH Assignment
7
P2
P1
P3
P3
P3
P3
P3
P3
P3
6
5
P2
P1
P3
P4
P4
P5
C8
C8
C8
P1
P1
P1
P4
P4
P5
C9
C9
C9
P1
P1
P1
P1
P5
P5
P5
P5
P5
3
2
C4
P1
P1
P1
P1
P1
P1
C10
C10
C3
C3
C3
C3
C3
C3
C3
C3
C3
C2
C2
C2
C6
C6
C6
C6
C6
P1
C1
C1
C5
C5
C5
P5
C7
C7
C7
P : packet channel
C: voice channel
Time
PDTCH Assignment
top priority
The ratio of PS traffic and Cs traffic in one cell always changes
Dynamic PDCH is unusable
15
CS1
CS2
CS3
CS4
10
0
0
12
C/I(dB)
16
20
24
B1
B2
B3
B4
B5
B6
B7
B8
B9
B10 B11
B0
B1
B2
B3
B4
B5
B6
B7
B8
B9
B10 B11
B0
B1
B2
B3
B4
B5
B6
B7
B8
B9
B10 B11
MS1
MS2
MS3
One PDCH can be used by multiple MS While one MS can use multiple PDCH.
N-PDU
SNDCP
SN-DATA PDUs
LLC
LLC Frames
RLC
MAC
GSM RF
RLC Blocks
RLC/MAC Blocks
TDMA Bursts
Each IP package can be divided into blocks on one or more SNDCP layer.
RLC Block together with MAC header are sent into air by 4 bursts.
7 0
7 0
7 0
Content
GPRS Network Overview
GPRS Radio Interface technology
GPRS Mobility Management
GPRS Session Management
GPRS Data Transferring Process
Process of Evolution from GPRS to 3G
General Function
GPRS attach: establish MM context and MM state changes to be ready
GPRS detach: delete MM context and MM state changes to be idle
etc.
Location management include normal or periodical router area upgrading
Network Function
Work with HLR to erase GMM context.
User data management
MS class mark handling
Work with MSC/VLR for united location upgrading and united paging etc.
GMM State
Idle: GMM context isnt established and MS is unavailable
Standby: GMM context has been established and MS can receive
GMM context
MS flag
GMM state
location information of MS (router area flag and cell flag)
Serving SGSG location and VLR serial number (MS only)
Encryption algorithm and authentication parameter
Idle (Idle)
When GPRS is in Idle state, GMM is not activated by the user.
Standby
Ready
BSS
new SGSN
old SGSN
GGSN
EIR
new
MSC/VLR
HLR
old
MSC/VLR
1. Attach Request
2. Identification Request
2. Identification Response
3. Identity Request
3. Identity Response
4. Authentication
5. IMEI Check
6a. Update Location
6b. Cancel Location
6c. Cancel Location Ack
6d. Insert Subscriber Data
6e. Insert Subscriber Data Ack
6f. Update Location Ack
7a. Location Update Request
7b. Update Location
7c. Cancel Location
7d. Cancel Location Ack
7e. Insert Subscriber Data
7f. Insert Subscriber Data Ack
7g. Update Location Ack
7h. Location Update Accept
8. Attach Accept
9. Attach Complete
10. TMSI Reallocation Complete
BSS
SGSN
HLR
GMM authentication
procedure
MS
BSS
SGSN
EIR
Identity Request
GMM Identifier
verification
Identity Response
Check IMEI
Check IMEI Ack
BSS
SGSN
GGSN
MSC/VLR
MS
1. Detach Request
BSS
SGSN
GGSN
MSC/VLR
1. Detach Request
4. Detach Accept
5. Detach Accept
SGSN originate
MS originate
MS
BSS
SGSN
GGSN
HLR
1. Cancel Location
2. Detach Request
3. Delete PDP Context Request
3. Delete PDP Context Response
4. GPRS Detach Indication
5. Detach Request
6. Cancel Location Ack
HLR originate
MSC/VLR
Location Management
MS
BSS
SGSN
BSS
new SGSN
old SGSN
GGSN
HLR
MSC/VLR
BSS
new SGSN
old SGSN
GGSN
new
MSC/VLR
HLR
old
MSC/VLR
1.
1.
RA1
BSC
SGSN
Content
GPRS Network Overview
GPRS Radio Interface technology
GPRS Mobility Management
GPRS Session Management
GPRS Data Transferring Process
Process of Evolution from GPRS to 3G
SM Concept
PDP content:
PDP type, address (dynamic and static) and status
APN
NSAPI
Activated and inactivated
Exclusive correlation between PDP context and MM context
INACTIVE
Activate PDP
Context
ACTIVE
Function of SM Management
INACTIVE
Delete PDP context
Retrieve dynamic PDP address
SGSN
GGSN
MS originate
2. Security Functions
3. Create PDP Context Request
3. Create PDP Context
Response
4. Activate PDP Context Accept
MS
SGSN
HLR
GGSN
1. PDP PDU
Network
originate
SGSN
GGSN
MS originate
MS
SGSN
GGSN
GGSN originate
request to SGSN
HLR
BTS
BSC
SS7
1.
SGSN
DNS
GPRS
Core
Network
Access
Point
Intranet
GGSN
Internet
BTS
BSC
SGSN
1.
2.
GPRS
Core
Network
DNS
Access
Point
Intranet
GGSN
Internet
BTS
BSC
2.
SGSN
GPRS
Core
Network
GGSN
Intranet
1.
Internet
Content
GPRS Network Overview
GPRS Radio Interface technology
GPRS Mobility Management
GPRS Session Management
GPRS Data Transferring Process
Process of Evolution from GPRS to 3G
UL TBF Access
CCCH
PCCCH
PACCH
Access Mode
ONE PHASE
TWO PHASE
means network assigns single RLC & MAC block the first time and assign
corresponding RR upon MSs specific request.
Network
Packet Channel Request
Packet Immediate Assignment
Uplink Data (TLLI)
Uplink Data (TLLI)
Uplink Data (TLLI)
......
Packet Uplink Ack/Nack
Uplink Data
PRACH or RACH
PAGCH or AGCH
PDTCH
PDTCH
PDTCH
PACCH
PDTCH
MS
Network
Packet Channel Request
Packet Immediate Assignment
Packet Resource Request
Packet Resource Assignment
Uplink Data
Uplink Data
PRACH or RACH
PAGCH or AGCH
PACCH
PACCH
PDTCH
PDTCH
BSS
SGSN
Data Block
PDTCH
Data Block
PDTCH
PACCH
PDTCH
Data Block
PDTCH
Data Block
PACCH
PACCH
Data Block
PDTCH
PACCH
LLC PDU
GPRS Paging
Network
MS
Packet Paging Request
Packet Channel Request
Packet Immediate Assignment
Packet Paging Response (LLC frame)
PPCH or PCH
PRACH or RACH
PAGCH or AGCH
PACCH
Network
Immediate Assignment
Packet Downlink Assignment
Data Block
Data Block
Data Block (polling)
Packet Downlink Ack/Nack
Data Block
Data Block
Packet Downlink Assignment
Data Block
Data Block (last, polling)
final Packet Ack/Nack
LLC PDU
SGSN
TA Initialization
Initial TA value isnt contained in Immediate Assignment message,
Continuous TA update
Update once every 8x52multi-frame (1920ms, approximately 2
second)
Downlink: TA message 1
TA message 2
10
11
TA message 3
12
13
14
15
TA message 4
Idle frame
0 is a constant and the value is 39dBm in the case GSM900 and 36dBm
in the case of DCS1800
BSC BTS
BTS BSC
SGSN
Inter-PLMN
Backbone
Network
SGSN
BG
HPLMN
Intra-PLMN
Backbone
Network
GGSN
BG
Intra-PLMN
Backbone
Network
GGSN
VPLMN
Server
Data
Network
Content
GPRS Network Overview
GPRS Radio Interface technology
GPRS Mobility Management
GPRS Session Management
GPRS Data Transferring Process
Evolution from GPRS to 3G
GPRS Evolution
GPRS Evolution