CAMPAIGN FOR

REFORMS

KYNA B. DAVID

CAMPAIGN FOR
REFORMS
The unjust execution of GOMBURZA was the
turning point in the Philippines history, for it
ushered in the new era the reform
movement. Realizing the danger of fighting
for their cause on the home front, the sons of
the wealthy and the well-to-do Filipino
families migrated to Europe to breathe the free
atmosphere of the old world. The Filipino
intellectuals secretly collaborated with those in
Spain and founded nationalistic societies.

Propaganda Movement
Propaganda is a concerted set of messages aimed at
influencing the opinions or behavior of large numbers of
people.
Aim of the Propaganda movement:
It advocated the moderate aims of legal equality
between Spaniards and Filipinos
Philippine representation in the Spanish Cortes
(parliament)
free speech and association, secular public schools
an end to the annual obligation of forced labor.

Propaganda Movement
Factors that gave birth to Philippine
Nationalism:

The influx of liberal ideas (from abroad)

The Spanish Revolution (1868)
The opening of the Suez Canal (1869)
THE MARTYRDOM OF FATHERS
GOMEZ, BURGOS AND ZAMORA

Propaganda Movement
Peaceful crusade or
campaign for reforms.
It was organized and
participated by the
illustrados.
Dr. Jose Rizal, Marcelo
H. del Pilar and
Graciano Lopez Jaena
are the leaders of the
said movement.

Illustrados

Propaganda Movement
Rise of the Propaganda movement:
It began in 1872, when Fathers Mariano Gomez, Jose
Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora were executed at the Luneta.
The Filipino exiles of 1872 and many patriotic students
abroad met in Hong Kong, Singapore, Barcelona,
Madrid, Paris, London and other foreign cities.
Work of promoting the welfare and happiness
of the fatherland.
Aggressively but peacefully, by means of
writing and speeches, they crusaded for
reforms to rectify the evils of the Spanish
colonial system.

Propaganda Movement
The Propaganda movement served as a
punctuating period of non-violent, literary
agitation for independence between the Cavite
Mutiny and the formation of the Katipunan,
making the beginning of revolutionary
nationalism, it was not so much a well knit
organization or a movement, as a cumulative
phenomenon that witnessed the rise of prolific
nationalists writers form all strata of Philippine
society but mostly from middle class, educated
families.

Propaganda Movement
According to some Philippine historians, the
Propagandists included a whole expectrum of writers
of every persuasion:
Marcelo del Pilar

Andres Bonifacio
Apolinario Mabini
Jose A. Dizon
Pedro Paterno
Felix Hidalgo
Antonio Ma. Regidor
Lopez- Jaena

Propaganda Movement
Jose Rizal
Mariano Ponce
Antonio Luna
Jose Ma. Panganiban
Isabelo delos Reyes
And a host of European symphatizers including
Dr. Ferdinand Bluementritt, an Austrian friend of
Rizal, Don Miguel Morayte, a Spanish Professor,
Don Juan Ruiz Zorilla, head of the Republican
Progressive party in Madrid, Don Emilio Junoy, a
member of Spanish Cortes.

Propaganda Movement
The
Propagandists
Patriots who waged their
movement by means of pen
and tongue to expose the
defects of Spanish rule in
the Philippines and the
urgency of reforms to
remedy them.
They were scions of good
families, highly intelligent,
educated, patriotic, and
courageous,
who
symbolized the flower of
Filipino manhood.

Propaganda Movement
Graciano Lopez Jaena
The greatest orator of
the
Propaganda
Movement
Left the Philippines for
Spain in 1880 after
publishing a satirical
novel,
Fray
Botod
(Father Fatso)

Propaganda Movement
Graciano Lopez Jaena
In 1889 he started the
newspaper,
La
Solidaridad
(Solidarity),
that
circulated both in Spain
and the Philippines and
was the medium of the
Propaganda Movement.

Propaganda Movement
Marcelo
Was
active del
in Pilar
the antifriar movement. He fled
to Spain in 1888 and
became editor of La
Solidaridad
A lawyer and a journalist
Beloved by masses for
his eloquent Tagalog and
fearless defense of the
poor
against
friar
abuses.

Propaganda Movement
Jose Rizal
Physician-novelist and a
many
splendored
genius.
His more popular works
were his two novels
Noli Me Tangere (Touch
Me Not) and El
Filibusterismo
(The
Subversive) published
in 1886 and 1891.

Propaganda Movement
Jose Rizal
The novels portrayed
the authoritarian and
abusive character of
Spanish rule in the
colony .
Despite their ban, the
books were smuggled
into the Philippines and
widely read.

Propaganda Movement
Mariano Ponce

A medical student and a

biographical writer.

Propaganda Movement
OTHER PROPAGANDISTS
Juan Luna and
Felix Hidalgo

The masters of brush.

Pedro Paterno

A lawyer and man of letters.

Antonio Luna

Pharmacist and essayist.

Pedro Serrano Laktaw

Teacher-tutor of Prince Alfonso

de Bourbon (later King Alfonso
XIII of Spain).

Propaganda Movement
Jose Ma. Panganiban
Fernando Canon
Jose Alejandrino

Linguist and essasyist.

Engineer and musician.
An engineer and a political
writer.

Isabelo delos Reyes

Folklorist, newspaperman and a

scholar.

Dominador Gomez

Physician, orator.

Propaganda Movement
FOREIGN FRIENDS OF THE PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT
Foreigners who were lovers of freedom and justice.
Supported the Filipinos campaign for reforms.
Ferdinand Blumentritt

Don Juan Atayde

Austrian professor, scholar.

Dr.Rizals bestfriend.
Praised Noli and Fili and wrote a
Prologue to Rizals annotated edition
of Morgas Sucesos de las Islas
Filipinas (Paris, 1890).
One of the liberal Spaniards who
aided Filipino propagandist.
Founded the Circulo Hispano-Filipino
in September 1882 (a civic association
of Spaniards and Filipinos in Madrid).
Published the newspaper Revisa del
Circulo Hispano-Filipino .

Propaganda Movement
Miguel Morayta

Statesman,
historian
and
journalist.
Rizals professor at the Central
University of Madrid.

Francisco Pi y Margall

Former president of the First

Spanish Republic

Emilio Junoy
Manuel Ruiz Zorilla

A journalist
Member of the Cortes
Parliamentarian
Leader
of
the
Republican Party

Spanish

Propaganda Movement
La Solidaridad
Organ
of the Propaganda
Movement
a newspaper founded by
Graciano Lopez Jaena in
Barcelona on February 15,
1889.
La Solidaridad was created
due to the reality that mass
media is important in
propagating the Propaganda
objectives.

Propaganda Movement
Solidaridad
La La
Solidaridad
was printed
in:
Barcelona (Feb. 15-Oct.
31, 1889)
Madrid (Nov. 15-Nov.
15, 1895)
On Dec. 15, 1889, M.H. del
Pilar replaced G.L. Jaena as
its editor.
The publication ended on
Nov. 15, 1895 after an
existence of seven years.

Propaganda Movement
Aims of La Solidaridad
(from
Jaenas editorial)

to
portray
vividly
the
deplorable condition of the
Philippines,
to work peacefully for the
political and social reforms,
to combat the evil forces of
medievalism and reaction
to advocate liberal ideas and
progress
to champion the legitimate
aspirations of the Filipino
people for democracy and
happiness.

Propaganda Movement
Contributors of La
Solidaridad
M.H. del Pilar (Plaridel)
Dr. Jose Rizal (Laon
Laan)
Mariano
Ponce
(Tikbalang, Naning, and
Kalipulako)
Antonio Luna (TagaIlog)
Jose Ma. Panganiban
(Jomapa)
Dr. Pedro Paterno

Propaganda Movement

Antonio Ma. Regidor

Isabelo delos Reyes
Eduardo de Lete
Jose Alejandrino
Professor Blumentritt
Dr. Morayta

Propaganda Movement
Literature of the Propaganda Movement

Dr. Pedro A. Paterno

doctor of laws
man of letters

Gregorio Sanciangco
economist
also a doctor of laws

Ninay, the first Filipino novel

(Madrid, 1885)
a volume of melodious poems,
Sampaguitas (Madrid, 1880)
La
Antigua
Civilizacion
Tagalog, a historical book
(Madrid, 1887)
El Progreso de Filipinas,
authored a book (Madri, 1881)
And a treatise on colonial
economics and politics in the
Philippines.

Propaganda Movement
Dasalan at Tuksohan
La Soberania Monacal en
Filipinas
Marcelo H. del Pilar
La Frailocracia
lawyer and journalist
Fray Botod-(Fat Friar- he
excelled as a political ridiculed the friars who became
pamphleteer
very fat for eating too much and
living in luxury at the expense of
poor Filipinos, whom they abuse.)

Graciano Lopez Jaena

En
Tinielas-(In
Utter
Darkness, his article in La
Solidaridad; he lambasted the
biased Spanish writersfor their
absurdities.

Propaganda Movement
Antonio Luna

Impressiones -(a collection of

essays describing the customs of
the Spaniards in Madrid)

Jose Ma. Panganiban

La Universidad de Filipinas:
Plan de Estudios, -a critical essay
in La Solidaridad which exposed
the defects of the churchdominated education in the
Philippines.

Isabelo delos Reyes

folklorist & historian

El Folk-Lore Filipino (1887)

Historia de Ilocos (2 volumes;
on 1890)

Mariano Ponce
biographer

Celebres Filipinos

Propaganda Movement
Dr. Rizal
greatest
writer
of
Propaganda Movement

Noli Me Tangere
El Filibusterismo
La
Vision
del
Frey
the
Rodriguez (1889) exposed
the stupidities of Fr. Rodriguez
Por Telefono (1891) about
Fr. Salavador Font

Propaganda Movement
In short those all who urged Philippine reforms
and articulated Philippine aspirations through
writing. As such, the Propaganda Movement
lay in nationalist poetry, satire, essays, novels,
history, and journalism.

Propaganda Movement
Reforms desired by the Propaganda movement:
Equality of the Filipinos and Spaniards
before the laws.
Assimilation of the Philippines as a regular
province of Spain.
Restoration of the Philippine representation
in the Spanish Cortes.
Filipinization of the Philippine parishes and
expulsion of the friars.
Human rights for Filipinos, such as freedom
of speech, freedom of the press, and
freedom to meet and petition for redress of

Circulo Hispano Filipino

After 1872, in the wake of persecution of
Filipino suspected as filibusteroso rebels, may
Filipino families sent their children abroad
where they imbibed political liberalism UN
impeded. Such young people, encouraged by
Spanish sympathizers, formed the Circulo
Hispano Filipino. Neither the circle nor the
paper made headway owing to lack of proper
organization.

Committee Propaganda
Before departing for Spain in 1886, Marcelo
Del Pilar formed a Committee on Propaganda
in Manila to collect funds for his work in
Madrid.
Once on Spanish soil, Del Pilar set to awaken
the sleeping intellect of the Spaniard to the
needs of our country, and to win converts to
the Philippine cause from among Spanish
liberals in the Cortes where the legislative
power play.

Committee Propaganda
His technique was to gain access to their sympathy
though entertainment and discourses so as to induce
them to commit legislation providing for Filipino
representation in the Cortes and to send liberal
Governors to the islands.
In 1888, Del Pilar began to publish La Soberania
Monacal en Filipinas, which protested against
excesses committed by the powerful religious orders.
But his project to form an association called
Solidaridad Filipina came to naught.

Association Hispano
Filipino

It was established on January 12,1899 by Miguel

Morayta in Madrid, Spain.
Tomas Arejola headed the Asociacin HispanoFilipina as the editor of its sports section. He also
later helped found the Circulo Hispano-Filipino,
which succeeded the Asociacin
Objectives:
The aim of the organization is a through reform of
the Philippines.
To heard the voices of the Filipino by Spanish.
To get the resources of the Filipino.

Association Hispano
Filipino

Divisions of the association:

the political section headed by Marcelo H. del
Pilar.
the literary section under Mariano Ponce.
the sports section under Tomas Arejola.
Purpose: secure reforms for the Philippines
President: Don Miguel Morayta
V-president: Gen. Felipe dela Corte
Secretary: Dominador Gomez
Members: all Filipinos in Europe, prominent
scholars, statesmen of other nationalities.

Association Hispano
Filipino

The members met once a month to discuss

Philippine-Spanish questions.
They drew up petitions and passed resolutions.

Association Hispano
Filipino

The counterpart of the committee in Spain was

the Association Hispano Filipino; compose of
Filipinos and Spaniards aiming at promoting
reforms in the Philippines :
Constitutional reform
Educational reform
Economic reform
Administrative reform

Association Hispano
Filipino

Its work was carried on by three sections:

Literary
Political
Dealing with sports

However, raising funds in supporting Black

Propaganda was a subversive in the
Philippines and it had to be wrapped in
strictest secrecy, consequently, the flow of
funds was at best intermittent and at worst
dried up.

Association Hispano
Filipino

Masonic Lodges
Revolucion
first Filipino Masonic lodge founded
by Jaena in Barcelona
recognized on April 1889 by Grande
Oriental Espaol headed by Don
Miguel Morayta
died out on Nov. 29, 1890 after Lopez
Jaena resigned as worshipful master.

Masonic Lodges
Revolucion
first Filipino Masonic lodge founded
by Jaena in Barcelona
recognized on April 1889 by Grande
Oriental Espaol headed by Don
Miguel Morayta
died out on Nov. 29, 1890 after Lopez
Jaena resigned as worshipful master.

Masonic Lodges
Lodge Soidaridad
organized by M.H. del Pilar and Julio
Llorante in Madrid
recognized on May 1890 by Grande
Oriental Espaol
Llorante (Worshipful Master)
prospered so it was joined in by other
Filipinos (Rizal, Pedro Serrano Baldomero
Roxas, Galicano Apacible, etc.)

Masonic Lodges
Lodge Nilad
first Filipino Masonic lodge
founded by Serrano Laktaw in Manila on
January 6, 1892.

Filipino Masonic lodges in Spain and in

Philippines raised the needed funds to
finance the campaign for reforms in
Spain.

Masonic Lodges
Many imminent Filipino thinkers, revolted by
corruption in the Catholic Church, had begun
to seek comfort and enlightenment in the
contemporary Spanish Masonic Movement.
These thinkers included:
Del Pilar
Rizal
Lopez-Jaena

Their interest in Masonry was arisen by their

close contacts with Spanish Mansons.

Masonic Lodges
On April 1, 1899, Jaena set up the first Filipino
Lodge, La Revolucion, in Barcelona; it
emerged into the La Solidaridad of Madrid in
1890
Later on, Filipinos organized the Gran Oriente
Espaol to promote Spanish legislation
beneficial to the Philippines. In 1891, two of
its members, Pedro Serrano Laktaw and
Antonio Luna, were sent to Manila to establish
the Lodge Nilad.

Masonic Lodges
By 1893, these Masonic Lodges had acquired
thirty-five nationwide branches; including
women members its platform demanded a
dignified, prosperous, and effective autonomy
for the Philippines as a Spanish province and
protection for individual liberty.
The Masons were also engaged in attempts to
secure institutional reforms for the Philippines.

Masonic Lodges
The friars and the Spanish Government took an
extremely hostile view of Masonry, on which day
squarely placed the blame for spreading heretical and
anti-Spanish view among the Filipinos.
The Spanish Government warned its representative in
the Philippines to curb the spread of Masonry as a
workshop where hatred for Spain and the Spaniards
was cast.While Masonry did authorities, it would be
nearer to the truth to say that it did not awaken
Philippine Propagandista Nationalism, as claimed by
the friars, but merely offered platform for Propaganda
agitation.

Thank you!!!