BASIC LISTENING SKILLS

Done by:
Abderrahim BOUMAIT
Elmahfoud AACHARI
Lahcen AIT LEMOUDEN

Supervised by:
Dr. Nezha BELKACHLA

Plan:

Introduction
Definition
Part one:
Basic communication skills profile
Meaning
Fallacies about listening
Stages of the listening process
Barriers to active listening
Part two:
Types of listening
How to be an effective listener
Improving listening comprehension
Listening to structured talks
Intensive listening
Purpose of the speaker and signal phrases
Logical connectors and transitional signals

Part three:
Effective note making and its purposes
Sequence
Physical factors
Pre and while note making
The ten commandments
Conclusion

Verbal or non-verbal communication to

a person or group providing
information as to how their behavior
is affecting or influencing you.

Basic Communication Skills Profile

________________________________________________
Communication Order Learned Extent Used Extent Taught

____________________________________________
Listening
Speaking
Reading
Writing

First
Second
Third
Fourth

First
Second
Third
Fourth

Fourth
Third
Second
First

Meaning

Listening Is With The Mind

Hearing With The Senses
Listening Is Conscious.
An Active Process Of Eliciting Information
Ideas, Attitudes And Emotions
Interpersonal, Oral Exchange

Fallacies about Listening

Listening is not my problem!

Listening and hearing are the same
Good readers are good listeners
Smarter people are better listeners
Listening improves with age
Learning not to listen
Thinking about what we are going to say rather than listening
to a speaker
Talking when we should be listening
Hearing what we expect to hear rather than what is actually
said
Not paying attention:
( preoccupation, prejudice, self-centeredness, stero-type)
Listening skills are difficult to learn

Stages of the Listening Process

Hearing
Focusing on the message
Comprehending and interpreting
Analyzing and Evaluating
Responding
Remembering

Barriers to Active Listening

Environmental barriers
Physiological barriers
Psychological barriers
Selective Listening
Negative Listening Attitudes
Personal Reactions
Poor Motivation

Types of Listening

Informative Listening
Vocabulary
Concentration
Memory

Relationship Listening
Attending
Supporting
Empathizing

Appreciative Listening
Presentation
Perception
Previous experience

Types of Listening

Critical Listening
Ethos
Logos
Pathos

Discriminative Listening
Hearing Ability
Awareness of Sound Structure
Integration of non-verbal cues

How to Be an Effective Listener

What You Think about Listening ?
Understand the complexities of listening
Prepare to listen
Adjust to the situation
Focus on ideas or key points
Capitalize on the speed differential
Organize material for learning

How to Be an Effective Listener

What You Feel about Listening ?
Want to listen
Delay judgment
Admit your biases
Dont tune out dry subjects
Accept responsibility for understanding
Encourage others to talk

How to Be an Effective Listener

What You Do about Listening :
Establish eye contact with the speaker
Take notes effectively
Be a physically involved listener
Avoid negative mannerisms
Exercise your listening muscles
Follow the Golden Rule

Improving Listening Comprehension

Listening comprehension is the act of
understanding an oral message.
It involves speech decoding, comprehending,
and oral discourse analysis.

Listening to structured talks

Pre-listening analysis-determining the
purpose, knowing your speaker.
Predicting about the content of a verbal
message.
Using background knowledge

Intensive Listening
1. Listening to the introduction:
What is the position, knowledge,
background, experience of the speaker?
What is his credibility?
What is the overall purpose of the talk?
What is the central idea or theme?
What does the speaker intend to do?
What are the main points of the talk?

Intensive listening
2. Listening to the Body:
Contains the main message-pay attention
Concentrate on verbal signposts.
Recognize main supporting details of the oral
message
Concentrate on visual aids.

Intensive Listening
3. Listening to the conclusion:
Understand the main themes of the verbal
message.
Recognize the speaker's focus of the talk.
Concentrate on what the speaker wants the
listener's to do, or remember.

Purpose of the speaker

and
Signal phrases

Purpose of the speaker Signal phrases

* Introduces a topic

Today, I'd like to talk

about, What I am going
to discuss is

* Develops an idea

If we critically examine the

situation.., The most
significant point is

* Emphasizes a point

I am sure you will agree

with me.., I'd like to
emphasize..

* Contrasts several ideas

On the other hand., In

contrast,

* Shows transition of ideas

My next point is

* Concludes

Finally.., I'd like to sum up

Logical Connectors
and
Transitional Signals

Purpose of the
speaker

Logical connectors

Adds a point

Moreover, in addition

compares

Similarly, likewise

contrasts

In contrast, However,

Shows segmentation

Right, OK, And, Now, That`s all

Exemplifies

In other words, For instance

Temporal

Eventually, For the time being,

Before

Explains

Therefore, Thus

Effective Note Making

Note making is a skill:

Most people feel deficient

It can be learned
This takes understanding of what
you're doing
It takes practice, which involves effort

Effective Note Making

Note making is difficult because:

Spoken language is more diffuse than written

Speaker's organization is not immediately
apparent
Immediate feedback seldom occurs
Spoken language is quickly gone
This makes analysis difficult

Five purposes for note making:

Provides a written record for review

Provides a definite, limited learning task
Forces you to pay attention
Requires organization, and active effort on
the part of the listener
Listener must condense and rephrase, which
aids understanding

Sequence

Listen and focus on meaning

Evaluate what is being said
Is it relevant to your purpose? What are the
high points?
Record the information
Make use of it

Physical factors
Seating

Near the front and center - easier to see and hear

Avoid distractions - doorways, windows, glare;
friends, foes

Materials

Loose leaf notebook: lies flat - organization and

additions are easier
Two pens, wide-lined, easy-eye paper; use dividers
Course, date, and topic clearly labeled

Before taking notes - PREVIEW

Prepare yourself mentally - What

do you need to get out of this?
Review notes from last time and
homework. Nail your attention
down tight.
Review the outline from your
reading assignment

While taking notes

Be an aggressive, not a passive,

listener

Jot questions in your notes

Do you believe what you're hearing?
What do you believe?
Seek out meanings. Look for
implications beyond what is being said.
Relate the material to your other
classes and your life outside of school.

Generate enthusiasm and interest

Increased knowledge results in increased
interest
A clear sense of purpose on your part will
make the course content more relevant
Acting as if you are interested can help
Don't let the personality or mannerisms of a
speaker put you off
Be ready to understand and remember
Anticipate the next step and compare what
you've guessed with what happens

Get Involved!
Tune-in, look, listen for clues:

Tone or gesture of Professor

Repetition; cue words: "remember!"

Notice what conflicts with your current

opinions

They are harder to understand and remember

Keep thinking...

Look for emerging patterns

Write questions in margins to be answered later

While taking notes

Don't try for a verbatim transcript

Get all of the main ideas.

Record some details. illustrations,

implications, etc.

Leave plenty of wide space for later

additions - underscore or star major
points

Note speaker's organization of material

Organization aids memory

Organization indicates gaps when they occur - you
fill in later

Be accurate

Listen carefully to what is being said

Pay attention to qualifying words like: sometimes,
usually, rarely, etc.
Notice signals that a change of direction is coming:
but, however, on the other hand

Develop a shorthand of your own

Jot down words or phrases; use contractions

and abbreviations.

Leave out small service words, use symbols: +,

=,&, ~)
Try to get the hang of listening and writing at
the same time.

You may practice listening to the news on TV

and taking notes

Bear in mind that:

We forget 50% of what we hear

immediately, two days later,
another 25% is gone.

THE TEN COMMANDMENTS KEITH DAVIS

Stop Talking.
Put The Talker At Ease.
Show Him That You Want To Listen.
Remove Distractions.
Empathize With Him.
Be Patient.
Hold Your Temper.
Go Easy On Arguments And Criticism.
Ask Questions.
Stop Talking!

Thank you

References:
www.englishtips.org
www.library.nu

Jeremy harmer How to teach

Englih
Dennis M. kratz and Abby R. Kratz

Effective listening skills