2.

11 Greens Theorem
If c is a closed curve in counter-clockwise on
plane-xy, and given two functions P(x, y) and
Q(x, y),

Q P
S x y dx dy c( P dx Q dy )

where S is the area of c.

Example 2.25
Prove Green's Theorem for
2
2
[(
x

y
)dx ( x 2 y )dy ]

which has been evaluated by boundary that defined as

x 0, y 0 and x 2 y 2 4 in the first quarter.
Solution

x2 + y2 = 22

2
C2
C3
O

C1

 Q P
Now, we evaluate
dxdy
S
x y
Q
P
where
1 and
2 y.
x
y
Again,because this is a part of the circle,
we shall integrate by using polar coordinate of plane,
x r cos , y r sin

where 0 r 2, 0
2

and

dxdy dS r dr d .

 Q P
S x y dx dy S (1 2 y ) dx dy

0 r 0

(1 2r sin ) r dr d

1 2 2 3

r r sin
0 2
3

d
0

16

sin

0
3

16

2 cos
3

16
.
3

2.12 Gauss Theorem

If S is a closed surface including region V in
vector field F
~

div F dV F . d S .
~

S ~

f y f z

f
x
div F

~
x y z

Example 2.26
Use Gauss' Theorem to find vector field,
F x i 2 j z 2 k in the region bounded by
~

planes z 0, z 4, x 0, y 0 and x 2 y 2 4
in the first octant.

Solution

z
4

2
x

We evaluate

div F dV . Given F x i 2 j z 2 k .
~

So,

( x ) (2) ( z 2 )
x
y
z
1 2 z.

div F
~

Also,

div F dV (1 2 z ) dV .
~

The region is a part of the cylinder. So, we integrate by using

polar coordinate of cylinder ,
x = cos ; y sin ; z z
dV d d dz
where 0 2, 0

, 0 z 4.
2
8

Therefore,

V (1 2 z) dV 0 0 z 0 (1 2 z) dzd d

0 0

[ z z 2 ]04 d d

(20 ) d d

0 0

[10 2 ]02 d
(40) d

40
20 .

div F dV 20 .
V

2.13 Stokes Theorem

If F is a vector field on an open surface S and
~
boundary of surface S is a closed curve c,
therefore

curl F d S F d r
S

curl F
F

~
~
x
fx

c~

y
fy

z
fz

10

Example 2.27
Surface S is the combination of

i) a part of the cylinder x 2 y 2 9 between z 0

and z 4 for y 0.
ii) a half of the circle with radius 3 at z 4, and
iii) plane y 0
If F z i xy j xz k , apply Stokes' Theorem
~

to solve this case.

11

Solution
z
S3

4
C2

3 C
1

S2
S1

We can divide surface S as

S1 : x 2 y 2 9 for 0 z 4 and y 0
S 2 : z 4, half of the circle with radius 3
S3 : y 0

12

We can also mark the pieces of curve C as

C1 :

Perimeter of a half circle with radius 3.

C2 :

Straight line from (-3,0,0) to (3,0,0).

Let we evaluate

Given

curl F d S
S

F z i xy j xz k
~

13

So,

curl F
~
x
z

j
~

y
xy

k
~

z
xz

( xz ) ( xy ) i
( z ) ( xz ) j
z
x
~
y
~ z

( xy ) ( z ) k
y ~
x
(1 z ) j y k
~

14

By integrating each part of the surface,

(i )

For surface S1 : x 2 y 2 9,
S1 2 x i 2 y j
~

and

S1

(2 x ) 2 (2 y ) 2

2 x2 y2 6

15

Then ,

S1
n

~
S1

2x i 2 y j
~

1
( x i y j)
3 ~
~

and

1
1

curl F n (1 z ) j y k x i y j
~ ~
~
~

3 ~ 3 ~
1
y (1 z ).
3

16

By using polar coordinate of cylinder ( because

S1 : x 2 y 2 9 is a part of the cylinder),

x cos , y sin , z z
dS d dz
where

3, 0 dan 0 z 4.

17

Therefore,

1
curl F n y (1 z )
~ ~
3
1
sin 1 z
3
sin (1 z ) ; because 3
Also,

dS 3 d dz

18

S1

curl F d S curl F
n dS
~

S1

z 0

sin (1 z ) d dz
0

3 (1 z ) cos 0 dz
0

3 (1 z )(1 ( 1))dz
0

M
24

19

S2 : z 4
n k.

(ii) For surface

surface is

, normal vector unit to the

By using polar coordinate of plane ,

y r sin , z 4 dan dS r dr d

where 0 r 3 and 0 .

20

curl F n (1 z ) j y k k
~ ~
~
~
~

y r sin

S2

curl F d S curl F
n dS
~

S2

r 0 0

r 0 0

( r sin )( rdrd )
r 2 sin d dr

M
18

21

(iii) For surface S3 : y = 0, normal vector unit

to the surface is n j .
~

dS = dxdz
The integration limits : 3 x 3

and

0 z4

So,

curl F n ((1 z ) j y k ) ( j )
~

z 1

22

Then,

S3

curl F . d S curl F . n dS
~

S3

x 3 z 0

( z 1) dzdx

M
24.

curl F . d S curl F . d S
~

S1

S2

curl F . d S
~

S3

curl F . d S
~

24 18 24
18.

23

Now, we evaluate

F. d r

C ~

for each pieces of the curve C.

i) C1 is a half of the circle.

Therefore, integration for C1 will be more easier if we use
polar coordinate for plane with radius r 3, that is
x 3cos ,

y 3sin

dan

z 0

where 0 .

24

 F z i xy j xz k
~

(3cos )(3sin ) j
~

9sin cos j
~

and

dr dx i dy j dz k
~

3sin d i 3cos d j .
~

25

From here,
F . d r 27sin cos2 d .
~

F . d r 27sin cos d

C1 ~

9 cos
18.
3

26

ii) Curve C2 is a straight line defined as

x t,

y 0 and

z 0, where 3 t 3.

Therefore, F z i xy j xz k
~

0.
~

F . d r 0.

C2 ~

27

F.d r
F.d r
F.d r
C ~

C1 ~

C2 ~

18 0
18.
It show that

curl F . d S
F.d r
S

C ~

28