The Principles Of Gravity

Concentration
Created By
Nadya Zulfani
3334141867
[28]

Outline
Introduction
Conclusions

The Principles Of
Gravity Separation
References
The Mechanisms

Introduction

How Far Do You Know

About Gravity
Concentration ???

Factors which Affect The Relative

Movement (Separation)

Weight
Shape
Size
Spesific Gravity

The Principles Of
Gravity Separation

Separation by gravity depends on two

factors:
Settling Rate of Particles
Concentration Criterion

Settling Rate of
Particles
Viscous Resistance
Stokes Law

Turbulent Resistance
Newtons Law

Turbulent
Resistance
Newtons Law

Viscous Resistance
Stokes Law
Slow speed, there is no
turbulance (Reynolds
Number Re<1).

Fast speed (Reynolds

Number Re>1000).

D particle < 50 micrometer

For Quartz Size <110 m

D particle > 5 mm
For Quartz Size >3.5 mm

Re= Predict Different Fluid Flow Situations.

Re = =
Where v = Kinematic Viscosity(/s)

The
Forces

Terminal
Velocity
Fd and Buoyancy
(Fluid Velocity)
=
Fg
Fg= FgDownward force of Gravity
Fd = Restraining Force Of Drag
Vt= The Highest Velocity Attainable
by an Object as it falls through air.
Velocity= Constant, Acceleration=0
Net Force=0

Fg

Vt

Fb

Vt

Fd

Vt

The separation in Gravity

Concentration Become Easier
if Vt
9

CC
Where Dh is Spesific Gravity For Heavy Mineral.
Df is Spesific Gravity For Fluid (Usually Water or Air )
Dl is Spesific Gravity For Light Mineral.

10

Specific Gravity, at a specified temperature

SG = substance / H2O
SG = Specific Gravity of the substance
substance = density of the fluid or substance (kg/m3) -- >> = m / V
H2O
= density of water - normally at temperature 4 oC (kg/m3)
1000 kg/m3

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The shape settling factor is the ratio of the

terminal velocity of two particles of the same
mineral, same density, same size but different
shape.
Shape Settling Factor =
Where, VT = terminal velocity

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13

SIZEConcentration Criterion
Separating Ditance

Vt

Settling Rate Of Particles

Gravity Separation Become Easier

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Weight (m) =
Spesific Gravity

Size
Shape (Tentative)
Gravity Separation
Become Easier
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Gravity Separation Based on The Fluid Movement

Horizontal Fluid
Movement
Shaking Table

Sluice Box

Humphrey Spiral

16

Vertical Fluid
Movement
Jigging

Quite Fluid
Movement
Dense Medium
Separation
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The Mechanisms

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Advantages
1. Environment Friendly due to the Absence of
Organic Chemicals and their Reaction
Product
2. Relatively Simple and Inexpensive
3. Does not use Expensive Reagents

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Conclusions

The separation of different mineral species from one

another based on differences in their specific gravities

Factors which affect the Separation are Weight, Shape,

Size and Spesific Gravity.

Separation by gravity depends on Settling Rate of

Particles and Concentration Criterion

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References
Barry, A Wills. Dan Tim Napierr-Munn. 2005. Mineral
Processing Technology. Amerika: Elsevier Science &
Technology Books.
Yarar, Baki. And Z. M. Doggan. 1987. Mineral Processing
Design.
Turkey : NATO Scientific Affairs Division.
http://
www.gekkos.com/forum_documents/02IntroductionToGra
vity.pdf
, accessed on Sunday 01 November 2015 at 11:05AM
http://
memberfiles.freewebs.com/94/74/72737494/document
s/yan%20n%20gupta%204.pdf
, accessed on Sunday 01
November 2015 at
11:07AM
http://
isites.harvard.edu/fs/docs/icb.topic1032465.files/Fina
26
l%20Projects/Fluids%20Drag/stokes%20lab.pdf
, accessed
on Monday 02 Novemer 2015 at 10:15

Questions
1. What are the minerals which belong to
Heavy Mineral and Light Mineral ?
2. What is the reason of the differences
in this Gravity Concentration Based on
the Fluid Movement ?
3. Reexplain the equation of
Concentration Criterion !
4. Reexplain the Curve between
Concentration Criterion and Size !
5. What is the relation between the
Forces that work here with Gravity
Separation ?
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