TURUNAN PARSIAL

TURUNAN PERTAMA DAN

KEDUA

TURUNAN PARSIAL

TURUNAN PARSIAL

TURUNAN PARSIAL
Berbagai jenis fungsi dari satu
variabel bebas sangat mudah untuk
menghitung dan diinterpretasikan ke
dalam bentuk turunan.
Bagaimana
dengan
fungsi
persamaan dengan 2 atau lebih
variabel bebas?

NOTASI

TURUNAN PARSIAL

TURUNAN PARSIAL

TURUNAN PARSIAL

CONTOH

 For the company producing only the

standard board, the cost function was
C(x) = 500 + 70x
Differentiating with respect to .r, we
obtain the marginal cost function
C(x) = 70
Since the marginal cost is constant, $70
is the change in cost for a I-unit increase
in production at any output level.

 For the company producing two types of

boards-a standard model and a
competition model-the cost function
was
C(x, y) = 700 + 70x + l00
Now suppose that we differentiate with
respect to x, holding y fixed, and denote
the resulting function by Cx(x,y);
or suppose we differentiate with respect
to y, holding x fixed, and denote the
resulting function by Cy(x,y).

 Differentiating in this way,we obtain

C(x,y) = 70

Cy{x, y) = 100

Each of these functions is called a

partial derivative, and, in this
example, each represents marginal
cost.

 The first is the change in cost due to

a I-unit increase in production of the
standard board with the production
of the competition model held fixed.
The second is the change in cost due
to a I-unit increase in production of
the competition board with the
production of the standard board
held fixed.

 In general, if z = f(x, y), then the

partial derivative of/with respect tox,
denoted
fx or fx (x,y), is
defined by

Recognize this formula as the

ordinary derivative of j with respect
to x, holdingy constant.

 Similarly, the partial derivative of f

with respect to y, denoted
, fx
or fx (x,y), is defined by

which is the ordinary derivative with

respect to y, holding x constant.
Parallel definitions and
interpretations hold for functions with
three or more independent variables.

 Example 1
For z = f(x, y) = 2x2 -3x2y + 5y + 1,
find
a. dz/dx
b. fx(2,3)
Solution
z = 2x2 -3x2y + 5y + 1
Differentiating with respect to x,
holding y constant (that is, treatingy
as a constant), we obtain

f(x, y) = 2x2 -3x2y + 5y + 1

First, differentiate with respect to x.
From part (A), we have
Then evaluate this equation at (2,3)

 In part I(B), an alternative approach

would beto substitute y = 3 into f(x, y)
and graph the function f(x,3) = -7x2 +
16, which represents the cross section
of the surface z = f(x, y) produced by
cutting it with the plane y = 3.
Then determine the slope of the
tangent line when x = 2. Again, we
conclude that fx(2, 3) = -28 (see Fig.
1).

 Example 2
Using the Chain Rule For
z = f(x, y) = ex2+y2 , find
a. dz/dx
b. fy(2,1)
Solution
Using the chain rule [thinking of z =
eu, u = u(x); Y is held constant], we
obtain

Second-Order Partial
Derivatives

The function
has two first-order partial derivatives:

Each of these partial derivatives, in turn,

has two partial derivatives called secondorder partial derivatives of z = f{x, y).
Generalizing the various notations we
have for first-order partial derivatives, we
write the four second-order partial
derivatives of z = f(x,y) = x 4y7 as

Definition
If z = f(x, y), then

TERIMA KASIH