Documenti di Didattica
Documenti di Professioni
Documenti di Cultura
Sensors
Craig Robinson
Definitions
CCD
Charge
Coupled Device
CMOS
Complementary
Semiconductor
Metal Oxide
CCD History
Invented in 1970 by Bell Labs
Honeywell developed this into an X-Y
scanner and taken further by IBM. Originally
for data storage!
Taken up by research and astronomy areas.
Now used in security cameras, digital
cameras and virtually all digital video
applications.
CCD
vs
CMOS
More susceptible to
noise
Light sensitivity is
lower
Consume little
power
Easy to Manufacture
Cheaper
Picture quality, sensitivity and cost vs. Cost and battery life.
Filter Array
Expensive
Cheap
High Quality
Easy
One frame
required
Rotational Lens
Cheaper
Good quality
3 frames reqd only
stationary objects
Small
Properties
1.
Resolution:
3.2Megapixels(2054x1056)
2.
FrameRate:
30~500Frames/sec
3.
DynamicRange:
4.
Windowing:
Signalnoiseratio.
DarkSignal
EnhanceRegionofInterest
5.
RemoteControl:
Simpleserialcharacters
6.
Antiblooming:
Brightobjectsaturation.
7.
Interface:
Serial,parallel,etc.
8.
Power:
+5VDC@2.5W
9.
Size:
4mmandlarger
10.
Cost:
$60andupwards
Interfacing
Many different options:
Serial Transmission
Parallel Transmission
VHF/UHF output
Increasing # of
onboard
calculations
Timing
Example
Add a CCD / CMOS to the robot in the
lab.
Robot must wander and clean the your
house while you are sleeping.
Choose
Peripherals:
Pulse Pattern Generator
Vertical Drivers + DC/DC Converter
CDS - AGC ADC
CDS
DSP
Board Layout
DRAM
D 0 -7
DSK6711
(Or micro
controller)
DATA
ADRESS
GLUE
LOGIC
Horizontal Timing
Vertical timing
LZOP3817
CMOS
CHIP
Manufacturers
Philips
Sharp
Dalsa
Fuji
Sony
Kodak
Polaroid
References
HowStuffworks: Digital Cameras
www.dalsa.com/markets/Photonics_Spectra_CCDvsCMOS_Litwil
ler.pdf
www.sharpsma.com
www.semiconductors.philips.com
http://www.ccd.com/
Peter McCullough at The University of Illinois (Astronomy)