Double Side Band Suppressed Carrier

Professor Z Ghassemlooy
Electronics and IT Division
School of Engineering
Sheffield Hallam University
U.K.

Contents
Theory
Implementation
Transmitter
Detector
Synchronous
Square

Power analysis
Summary

Double Side Band Suppressed Carrier

Carrier

From AM spectrum:
Carries signal c carries no information m.
Carries signal consumes a lot of power more
than 50%

Question: Why transmit carrier at all?

Ans:

LSB

USB

c - m c c + m

Single frequency

Question: Can one suppress the carrier?

Ans.: Yes, just transmit two side bands (i.e DSB-SC)
But what is the penalty?
System complexity at the receiver 3

DSB-SC - Theory
General expression: c (t ) [ k1m(t ) C ] cos (c t c )
Let k1 = 1, C = 0 and c = 0, the modulated carrier signal, therefore:

c(t ) m(t ) cos c t

Information signal m(t) = Em cos mt
Thus
c(t ) Em cos mt cos c t

MEc
MEc

cos (c m )t
cos (c m )t
2
2
upper side band

lower side band

DSB-SC - Waveforms

Mixer
(Multiplier)

B = 2 m

Notice: No carrier frequency

DSB-SC - Implementation
Balanced modulator
0.5 m(t)

Ec (1+ 0.5 m(t) cos ct

AM
mod.

Carrier
Ec cos ct
-0.5 m(t)

AM
mod.

+
-

DSB-SC
Ec m(t) cos ct

Ec (1- 0.5 m(t) cos ct

Ring modulator
Square-law modulator

DSB-SC - Detection
Synchronous detection
DSB-SC

v(t ) 12 m(t )

Multiplier

Low
pass
filter

Local oscillator
c(t) = cos ct

y (t ) [m(t ) cos c t ] cos c t

y (t ) m(t ) 12 [1 cos 2c t ]

Message signal

12 m(t ) 12 m(t ) cos 2c t

Condition:
Local oscillator has the same
frequency and phase as that of the
carrier signal at the transmitter.

information

high frequency

Low pass filter

2c-m 2c+m7

DSB-SC - Synchronous Detection

Case 1 - Phase error
DSB-SC

v(t ) 12 m(t ) cos

Low
pass
filter

Multiplier
Local oscillator
c(t) = cos(ct+)

Message signal

y (t ) [m(t ) cos c t ] cos (c t )

y (t ) m(t ) 12 cos (2c t ) m(t ) 12 cos ( )
m(t ) 12 cos m(t ) 12 cos (2c t )

Condition:
Local oscillator has the same
frequency but different phase
compared to carrier signal at the
transmitter.

information

high frequency

Low pass filter

2c-m 2c+m8

Phase Synchronisation - Costa Loop

In-phase

DSB-SC

yip(t)

LPF

Ec cos (ct+)

VCO

0.5Ec m(t) cos

Vphase(t)

Recovered
signal

Phase
discriminator

90o
phase shift
Ec sin (ct+)

X.

yqp(t)

LPF

0.5Ec m(t) sin

Quadrature-phase

When there is no phase error. The quadrature component is zero

When 0, yip(t) decreases, while yqp(t) increases
The out put of the phase discriminator is proportional to

DSB-SC - Synchronous Detection

Case 1 - Frequency error
DSB-SC

v(t ) 12 m(t ) cos

Low
pass
filter

Multiplier
Local oscillator
c(t)=Eccos(ct+)

Message signal

y (t ) [m(t ) cos c t ] cos (c t )

y (t ) m(t ) 12 cos (2c t ) m(t ) 12 cos ( )
m(t ) 12 cos m(t ) 12 cos (2c t )

Condition:
Local oscillator has the same
phase but different frequency
compared to carrier signal at the
transmitter.

information

high frequency

Low pass filter

2c-m 2c+10
m

DSB-SC - Square Detection

DSB-SC
Si(t)

g(t)

Squaring
circuit
g =x2

Band pass y(t)

filter

2c

by 2
Regenerated
carrier
z(t)

Multiplier
Low pass filter

Message
signal

g(t) = Si2(t) = B2 cos2 mt cos2 ct

= B2 ( + cos 2 mt )( + cos 2 ct )
= B2/4 [1 + cos 2(c + m)t + cos 2(c - m)t + cos 2mt + cos 2 ct ]

y(t) = B2/4 cos 2wct

z(t) = B2/4 cos wct

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DSB-SC - Power
The total power (or average power):

PT DSB SC

2 MEc / 2

R
2

( MEc ) 2

4R
The maximum and peak envelop power
2

PP DSB SC

( MEc ) 2

12

DSB-SC - Summary
Advantages:
Lower power consumption
Disadvantage:
- Complex detection

Applications:
- Analogue TV systems: to transmit colour information
- For transmitting stereo information in FM sound broadcast
at VHF
13