E - Commerce: Information Publishing Technology

e Commerce :
Information Publishing
Technology
Web Information Publishing:

Advantages
Platform Transparency:
The browser software, used for accessing the web, offers

the same interface irrespective of whether it is running on
the Windows, X-Windows or Macintosh platform.
Even the data residing on variety of server platforms is

available to users through the same look-and-feel interface.
Distribution Transparency:
The web is a distributed information system. The

information stored at variety of geographically dispersed
server platforms is available to the web users on a single
interface window.
A page displayed on a browser screen may contain text

coming from a IBM server in New York, an image from
Windows NT servers located in Delhi, and a background
audio clip from a Linux server in Lucknow.

Advantages
Information Type Transparency:
The web offers seamless integration of the multiple types of

information content. The text, graphics, sound, video and various
other data formats can be integrated and displayed uniformly
through the browser interface.
It can integrate variety of information content stored on distant

servers through the hypertext mechanism.
Interactive:
The information browsing on the web is based on selecting and

clicking on links. The clicking on links retrieves and offers
additional information on screen.
In addition, it also supports forms with input windows, radio

buttons, options lists, checkboxes for submitting the data. The
web servers can collect the input information from users through
the form mechanism and add it to a database, update the
database, or provide a customized information depending upon
the inputs.

Advantages
Dynamic:
Browsers retrieve information stored on sites and through web

servers and display it on the screen. If the information is
updated at the server site, the latest version is made available.
The web publishing does not incur any cost of reproducing the
copies. Any one accessing it reads the latest version.
Graphical and Navigational:
Web based systems are capable of integrating and displaying

graphics, text and other multimedia formats in color on a same
page.
The web has made it possible to browse the multimedia

information on the same page. Also, the hyper linking
mechanism has reduced the task of navigating through the
information to point and click. A user can jump from pages
stored on a server to another servers just by clicking on links.
Web Browsers
A software client that interacts with HyperText

Transfer Protocol (HTTP) Server to retrieve the
requested HTML documents.
It retrieves the HTML documents and renders them
on the screen by invoking appropriate inbuilt tools
and helper applications.
It accepts the URL of requested resource and parses
it to determine the HTTP server to contact and name
of document to request.
National Super Computer Applications Center (NCSA)
developed Mosaic was the first popular Web browser
Netscape (http://www.netscape.com) is another Web
browser
The Microsofts Internet Explorer (Web Browser) is
avaialble at:
http://www.microsoft.com/windows/ie/downloads/ie6/default.ht
m
Hyper Text Markup Language

(HTML)
A Subset of Standard Generalized Markup Language

(ISO 8879)
HTML is a document formatting Language
Formatting instruction called Tags are enclosed in <
and > symbols. e.g., <code> and </code>
For a particular markup bold <bold> denotes the
beginning of tag and </bold> denotes matching endof-tag.
An HTML document is plain-text document consisting
of regular text and information and markup tags.
A complete HTML document has two structured parts
Head and Body.
The head portion contains information regarding the
document such as title, author and other meta-tags.
The body portion is displayed in the main window of
the browser.

(HTML)
<HTML> </HTML> define a HTML document.

<head> and </head> define the header section
<body> and </body> define the body section.
The body may contain several level of heading
tags, they describe the size of character display
relative to each other. These are denoted by
<h1> </h1>, <h2> </h2> .. <h6> </h6>
The <h1> being the highest level heading and
<h6> the smallest level heading.
Each tag may have several attributes. For
example, <body> tag has attribute bgcolor which
defines the background color of the windows main
body on the browser.
<body bgcolor=red>; the browser will display
the background red color for the main window of
the browser for this document.

(HTML)
We present some commonly used HTML

tags. Roughly, the tags in HTML can be
classified as follows:
Text Formatting Tags

Block Structuring Tags
List Tags
Image Tag
Anchor Tag ( for Hyper Linking)
Form Tags
HTML: List Tags -Example
HTML: Image Tag -Example
HTML: Anchor Tag
The hyper linking of two documents in HTML is

accomplished through the anchor tag.
The anchor tag pair <A> .. </A> creates a link from
current document to the referenced document in the
tag.
The A tag has several attributes, two important
attributes used for linking purposes are name and
href.
The href attribute is used for specifying a name or an
URL of the document that this link points to
(referenced document).
The name attribute is used for defining the anchor
point that can be referred by the href tag.
Dynamic HTML
The standard HTML is a static language with a scant concern

for the layout and style of the rendered document and does
provide in-built features for dynamically updating the content,
change the appearance, hide, or animate the content.
The dynamic HTML (DHTML) provides capability to change the
HTML page even after the browser has reduced it.
For example, an image rendered on screen may change to an
alternate image on moving the mouse over it or the header of
an important text may scrolls horizontally over the screen.
The DHTML by itself is not a tagging language or a technology
like JavaScript or a plug-in, its a concept.
The concept of DHTML is achieved by marrying the HTML,
Cascading Style Sheets, Scripting Language (JavaScript) and
the Document Object Model together.
The scripting languages provide ability to add event driven
programming on the browser. The language such as JavaScript
can be embedded in the HTML code with <script> </script>
tag-pair.
Dynamic HTML
DHTML is an extension of HTML tags, when used

with JavaScript or ActiveX and style sheets,
allows the designer control over the appearance
and position of page elements (objects)
DHTML also allows for interactive pages that can

be dynamically modified without interacting with
the server
Leading visual DHTML Tools include:
NetObjects Fusion
Macromedias Dreamweaver
Virtual Reality Modeling Language,

pronounced vermal or by its initials,
originallybefore 1995known as the
Virtual Reality Markup Language) is a
standard file format for representing 3dimensional (3D) interactive vector
graphics, designed particularly with the
World Wide Web in mind.
Multimedia Content: VRML
VRML is a Web-based language for describing 3D

virtual worlds
Tools support the complexity of VRML

development and model editing
Leading VRML Editors:
Cosmo Softwares Cosmo Worlds
Platinum Technologys VRCreator
Ligos Technologys V-Realm Builder

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e Commerce :

Web Information Publishing:

The browser software, used for accessing the web, offers

Even the data residing on variety of server platforms is

The web is a distributed information system. The

A page displayed on a browser screen may contain text

Web Information Publishing:

Information Type Transparency:

The web offers seamless integration of the multiple types of

It can integrate variety of information content stored on distant

The information browsing on the web is based on selecting and

In addition, it also supports forms with input windows, radio

Web Information Publishing:

Browsers retrieve information stored on sites and through web

Graphical and Navigational:

Web based systems are capable of integrating and displaying

The web has made it possible to browse the multimedia

A software client that interacts with HyperText

Hyper Text Markup Language

A Subset of Standard Generalized Markup Language

Hyper Text Markup Language

<HTML> </HTML> define a HTML document.

Hyper Text Markup Language

We present some commonly used HTML

Text Formatting Tags

HTML: List Tags -Example

HTML: Image Tag -Example

HTML: Anchor Tag

The hyper linking of two documents in HTML is

The standard HTML is a static language with a scant concern

DHTML is an extension of HTML tags, when used

DHTML also allows for interactive pages that can

Leading visual DHTML Tools include:

Virtual Reality Modeling Language,

Multimedia Content: VRML

VRML is a Web-based language for describing 3D

Tools support the complexity of VRML

Leading VRML Editors:

Cosmo Softwares Cosmo Worlds

Platinum Technologys VRCreator

Ligos Technologys V-Realm Builder

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