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Construction Safety

Management

MEANING OF SAFETY
The meaning of safety is Freedom from unacceptable risks or
Freedom from danger. Safety in all construction activities is a
prime requisite, but is often neglected, ignored on work sites. With
the enormous growth of construction industry and the
advancement of Construction Technology the need for proper
attention to Safety aspects has become essential for human, social,
economic and other considerations.
The complex techniques with wide range of construction and
other activities have lead to new challenges in Safety.

SAFETY PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT


Assignment of responsibility
Hazard identification and control
Training and communication
Documentation and enforcement of safety rules

SAFETY PROGRAM
Maintenance of safe working conditions
Setting performance goals
Rewarding safety performance
Reviewing circumstances involved in incidents
Taking appropriate corrective actions

SAFETY PROGRAM
Establishing Safety performance objectives for all
levels of management
Including safety as part of management performance
reviews
Measuring effectiveness

BENEFITS OF A SAFETY PROGRAM


Reduced expenses related to injuries and illnesses
Reduced absenteeism
Lower employee complaints
Reduced workers compensation claims

BENEFITS

(CONTINUED)

Improved employee morale and satisfaction


Increased productivity
Reduction of hidden cost
Reduced insurance cost

HIDDEN COST
Workers Compensation Cost
Replacement and training cost for new or substitute employee
Poor Quality
Penalties for non-compliance

PERSONAL SAFETY EQUIPMENTS

IS STANDARDS ON SAFETY

IS 875 : 1987 Part 1 Code of practice for design loads (other than earthquake) for
buildings and structures dead loads unit weights of building
material and stored materials (incorporating IS 1911 : 1967)
IS 1905 : 1987

Code of practice for structural use of unreinforced masonry

IS 2750 : 1964

Specification for steel scaffoldings

IS 3696 : 1991 Part


2

Scaffolds and Ladders Code of Safety Ladders

IS 3764 : 1992

Code of safety for excavation work

IS 4014 : 1967 Part


2

Code of practice for steel tubular scaffolding safety regulations for


scaffolding

IS 4081 : 1986

Safety code for blasting and related drilling operations

IS 4082 : 1996

Recommendations on stacking and storage of construction materials and


components at site.

IS 4130 : 1991

Safety code for demolition of buildings

IS 4138 : 1977

Safety code for working in compressed air

IS 4756 : 1978

Safety code for tunneling work

IS 4912 : 1978

Safety requirements for floor and wall openings, railings and toe boards

IS 5121 : 1969

Safety code for piling and other deep foundations

IS 5916 : 1970

Safety code for construction involving use of hot bituminous materials

IS 6609 : 1972
Part 5

Methods of test for commercial blasting explosives and accessories : Part V


Safety fuses

IS 6922 : 1973

Criteria for safety and design of structures subject to underground blasts

IS 7205 : 1974 Safety code for erection of structural steel work


IS 7293 : 1974 Safety code for working with construction machinery
IS 7323 : 1994 Operation of reservoirs Guidelines
IS 7969 : 1975 Safety code for handling and storage of building materials.
IS 8989 : 1978 Safety code for erection of concrete framed structures
IS 9706 : 1997 Aerial ropeways for transport of material code of practice for design and
construction
IS 9759 : 1981 Guidelines for de-watering during construction.
IS 9944 : 1992 Natural and man made fibre rope slings Recommendations on safe working
loads

IS 10291 : 1982

Safety code for dress divers in civil engineering works

IS 10386 : 1992
Part 4

Construction, operation and maintenance of river valley projects safety code


Part 4: Handling, storage and transportation of explosives

IS 10386 : 1993
Part 7

Safety code for Construction, operation and maintenance of river valley projects
Fire safety aspects

IS 10386 : 1983
Part 10

Safety code for Construction, operation and maintenance of river valley projects
Storage, handling, detection and safety measures for gases, chemicals and
flammable liquids

IS 11972 : 1987

Code of practice for safety precautions to be taken when entering a sewerage


system

IS 13063 : 1991

Code of practice for structural safety of buildings on shallow foundations on


rocks

IS 13415 : 1992

Protective barriers in and around buildings Code of safety

IS 13416 : 1992
Part 1

Recommendations for preventive measures against hazards at work places


Falling material hazards prevention

IS 13430 : 1992

Code of practice for safety during additional construction and


alteration to existing buildings

IS 14734 : 1999

Balancing machines enclosures and other safety measures

SP 70 : 2001

Hand book on construction safety practices

PLANNING A PROJECT
Develop goals and objectives
Define project team
Project manager
Site Supervisor
Site Safety
Other Programs

POOR SAFETY PRACTICES

GOOD SAFETY PRACTICES

IMPLEMENTING THE WORK PLAN


Essential in reducing injuries and illnesses
Maintains a safe environment
Designed to protect employees, companys
facilities, and local community

WORK PLAN (CONTINUED)


Pre-entry briefing to alert personnel of hazards
Conduct Job Hazard Analysis as appropriate
Periodic safety inspection
Correct known deficiencies
Must be available for review and updated as
required

GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
Company Policies & Safety Procedures
Roles & Responsibilities
Site Description, Background
Site Security
Emergency Response

SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS AND


PROCEDURES
Clear safety instructions and procedures are the basis for functioning of all at site.
These safety instructions and procedures are the minimum safety requirements to be followed
by all always at site.
Every employee, contractor and visitor is responsible for fulfilling all safety instructions
and procedures.
Report unsafe conditions, situations and handlings to the Project Manager.
Safety instructions from Management, Safety team and site conditions, generated are to be
followed.
First Aid, Fire section, concerning Safety and Health care are to be followed always.

IDENTIFYING PROJECT-SPECIFIC
REQUIREMENTS
Job Hazard Analysis
Select activities with highest risk
Break activity into individual components
Identify potential hazards in each component
Develop procedures to eliminate/reduce hazard

ROLES & RESPONSIBILITIES:


Project Manager
Responsible for the overall management of safety, safety planning and organization on this site.
The Project Manager is the team leader and should be the role model for all staff and employees to
follow.
Prepare and instigate safety policy and procedures on site, delegate responsibilities to other
competent persons, then check these roles and responsibilities are fulfilled.
Fix the roles and responsibilities in writing and ensure they are fulfilled for each staff member so
as each person is aware of and complying with his role.
Attend all safety meetings.

Review Safety Plans and Workplace Risk Assessments prepared by the contractors prior to that
trade being given commitment and starting on site.
Review preliminary design and drawings for potential safety risks and advise the Consultants of
these and remedies for same.
Carry out informal and formal safety inspections when on site and report findings to the
Contractor for rectification.
Set a personal example of implementing the Project Safety Policy.
Educate contractors to be fully conversant with all CB Richard Ellis safety requirements and
incorporation of safe work practices in their operations.
Ensure contractor Safety Plans are implemented and modified as necessary on site

Safety ManagerAt Design Phase:


Coordination of general aspects with respect to Safety, Health and Welfare.
Taking care of EHS plan setup in Draft. Putting together Safety Health &
Environment files.
Handover EHS plan in draft and filed to the client for the construction phase.

Safety ManagerAt Construction Phase:


Organizing, coordinating and Cooperation between contractors.
Cocoordinating Safety, Health, Welfare measures by the contractors.
Cocoordinating Supervision; to meet the joint facilities

Consultants
To be briefed and educated by the Project team on their responsibilities with regards to
designing in safety.
To be educated and shown safety problems with their design on site so as not to make the
same mistakes again.
To nominate, areas requiring special procedures or practices to reduce accident potential.
To be briefed by the site team on the proposed construction methods and be subsequently
updated.
To take a proactive role in safety as part of the Project Team.

Contractors and Their Employees


Safety representative from each company to be nominated to attend safety meetings on a
weekly basis. The days of the meeting will be nominated by president/Management.
The nominated person for the company will be responsible for all details and safety issues
of the meeting and to be related back to fellow workers.
Any chemicals, plant and equipment that are to be used on site the contractor must supply
Material Safety Data Sheet ( MSDS) and the Manager or Principal of the contractor is to
ensure his men who are using the chemical have been trained with the correct handling
procedure for the use of this chemical.

The Manager or Principal of the contractor is to provide evidence that the men he has
employed have had adequate training to be able to work safely with the duties that will be
performed on site.
Any lost time injuries the contractor is to notify President/Management and provide all
necessary details.
Contractors to supply risk analysis sheets and safety plan for review before work commences
on site for critical activities identified.
Contractor to inform President/Management of any known hazards that may occur during their
scope
of works.

ROLE OF SITE MANAGER

ACTION STEPS FOR JOB-SITE


MANAGER

Job safety management can be divided into five major areas:


(1) setting priorities on the job,
(2) planning for safe construction,
(3) orienting workers,
(4) maintaining the communications safety net, and
(5) people building.

PRIORITIES:
1.COMMIT YOURSELF TO THE COMBINED GOAL OF HIGH SAFETY AND HIGH
PRODUCTIVITY.
2.INCLUDE MONEY FOR SAFETY EQUIPMENT AND SAFETY PERSONNEL
INTO THE PROJECT BUDGET.
3.BEGIN COMMUNICATING YOUR PRODUCTIVITY AND SAFETY GOAL TO
OWNERS, SUBCONTRACTORS, AND UNION REPRESENTATIVES IN PRE JOB
MEETINGS.
4.MAKE SAFETY RULES AND REGULATIONS AN INTEGRATED PART OF JOB
RULES.
5.IN NEW-WORKER ORIENTATION INCLUDE JOB RULES, MAKE IT
THAT INFRACTIONS OF THEM ARE CAUSE FOR TERMINATION.

CLEAR

6.TRAIN YOUR SUPERINTENDENTS AND FOREMEN TO REVIEW JOB


EXPOSURES AS WORK PROGRESSES AND REVISE JOB
PROCEDURES TO KEEP WORK SAFE.
7.USE TOOLBOX MEETINGS AND ON-THE-JOB TRAINING TO
MAINTAIN SAFE, PRODUCTIVE JOB PROCEDURES.
8.SHOW YOUR COMMITMENT TO KEEPING THE JOB SAFE BY:
A)WALKING THE JOB WITH SAFETY EYES.
B)MONITORING THE JOB FOR HOUSEKEEPING, OSHA
REQUIREMENTS, AND OTHER UNSAFE CONDITIONS AND ACTS.
C)WORKING COOPERATIVELY WITH JOB SAFETY PEOPLE AND
LETTING PROJECT PERSONNEL KNOW THAT THE SAFETY PEOPLE
REPRESENT YOU.
D)ENFORCING STANDARDS FOR SAFE BEHAVIOR AT ALL TIMES.
E)MONITORING SUBCONTRACTORS.

PLANNING:
1. TAKE THE TIME TO PLAN; IT WILL REDUCE COSTS, IMPROVE THE JOB
SCHEDULE, AND BENEFIT SAFETY BY DECREASING HAZARDS AND JOB
PRESSURES.
2. BEFORE THE JOB STARTS:
A) REVIEW COST ESTIMATES AND SCHEDULES AND, IF NECESSARY,
NEGOTIATE REVISIONS TO AVOID STRESS AND THE TEMPTATION TO TAKE
HAZARDOUS SHORTCUTS LATER.
B) WORK WITH THE SAFETY PEOPLE TO DEVELOP A SAFETY PLAN FOR
THE LIFE OF THE PROJECT.
C)GAIN COOPERATION AND INPUT FROM KEY PEOPLE IN PREJOB
DISCUSSIONS: ON UNION JOBS, FROM UNION REPRESENTATIVES; ON
HIGHLY HAZARDOUS JOBS, FROM REPRESENTATIVES FROM THE
CONSULTATION SERVICE OF THE OSHA PROGRAM.

3. MAINTAIN THREE LEVELS OF PLANNING THROUGHOUT THE


PROJECT: LARGE SCALE, WEEKLY, AND DAILY AND INCLUDE
SAFETY IN ALL LEVELS OF PLANNING.
4.DISCUSS SAFETY IN DAILY PLANNING MEETINGS AND WEEKLY
JOB SCHEDULE AND PROGRESS MEETINGS.
5.REMEMBER THAT LAST MINUTE CHANGES OF PLANS ARE OFTEN
DANGEROUS - CAUTION SUPERVISORS AND WORKERS AGAINST
THEM.

WORKER ORIENTATION:
1.TO AVOID ACCIDENTS, REQUIRE JOB AND PROJECT ORIENTATION FOR ALL
NEW HIRES NO MATTER HOW LONG IS THEIR EXPERIENCE AND HOW SHORT
THEIR STAY ON THE PROJECT WILL BE.
2.WELCOME EACH NEW WORKER FOR PROJECT ORIENTATION CONSIDER A
SHORT SLIDE-TAPE OR VIDEO PRESENTATION INTRODUCED BY A JOB-SITE
MANAGEMENT REPRESENTATIVE.
4.FOR JOB-SITE ORIENTATION INCLUDE A SHORT SITE TOUR; ON LARGE
PROJECTS DEVELOP A SITE MAP THAT SHOWS THE OVERALL LAYOUT OF THE
PROJECT WITH A SHORT DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT STAGES.
5.DELEGATE DETAILED ORIENTATION TO THE WORKER'S FOREMAN, MAKING
SURE THAT FOREMEN ARE TRAINED TO CONDUCT EFFECTIVE NEW-WORKER
ORIENTATION.
6.ON PROJECTS OR PARTS OF PROJECTS WITH HIGH POTENTIAL FOR
ACCIDENTS REQUIRE ORIENTATION BEFORE EACH NEW PHASE OF THE
WORK.

EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION:
1. EXPAND YOUR COMMUNICATION SYSTEM BEYOND THE CHAIN OF
COMMAND TO INCLUDE DIRECT CONTACT WITH WORKERS
AND GROUP MEETINGS. TRAIN YOUR MANAGEMENT TEAM TO
EXPECT YOU TO USE = THESE OTHER METHODS FOR
INFORMATION.
2. WALK THE JOB EACH DAY, TALK TO CRAFT WORKERS, BRING
YOUR SAFETY COMMITMENT TO THEM, HEAR THEIR SUGGESTIONS.
3.MEET WITH SUPERVISORY GROUPS ON A REGULAR BASIS; MEET
WITH GROUPS OF FOREMEN AND CRAFT WORKERS FOR PLANNING
AND FEEDBACK.
4.DEVELOP TOOLBOX MEETINGS AS A VALUABLE INFORMATION
AND TRAINING TOOL, ATTEND MEETINGS YOURSELF ON A
ROTATING BASIS, AND TRAIN FOREMEN TO KEEP TO JOB SPECIFIC
TOPICS.
5.ON HOME OFFICE COMMUNICATION - KEEP THEM INFORMED
DAILY; DO NOT PASS ON TO YOUR PROJECT MANAGEMENT TEAM
AND WORKERS PRESSURES FROM THE HOME OFFICE.

PEOPLE BUILDING:
1.BEFORE EVERY ACTION AND DECISION OF YOURS, ASK
YOURSELF THE QUESTION, "HOW WILL THIS AFFECT MY WORK
FORCE?" YOUR MOST IMPORTANT RESOURCE IS YOUR PEOPLE.
MANAGE NOW TO ACHIEVE THEIR LONG-RUN COMMITMENT AND
LOYALTY.
2.LISTEN TO BOTH SIDES IN CONFLICTS, FOR EXAMPLE, IN THOSE
BETWEEN FOREMEN AND WORKERS, RATHER THAN
AUTOMATICALLY BACKING THE SUPERVISOR.
3.DEVELOP OTHER OPTIONS THAN FIRING - FIRING IS USUALLY A
POOR WAY TO HANDLE A PROBLEM; DO NOT DELEGATE THAT
POWER TO SUBORDINATES.
4.THANK SUPERVISORS AND CRAFT WORKERS WHEN THEY DO
EXCELLENT WORK.

COMMUNICATION:
Kickoff Meeting:
The kickoff meeting should be seen as a start meeting, preliminary to the general or project oriented activities. Prior to
starting of project activities a meeting with all consultants, contractors will be organized in order to make all concerned
aware of the EHS rules & procedures to be adopted by team during the construction of project.
The Project Manager who is In charge of the project will chair the meeting and the following take part in the meeting.
1) Regional MangerEHS/Project EHSCoordinator
2) Site In charges of all Contractors/Subcontractors
3) Consultants
4) EHS coordinators of Contractors/Subcontractors
In the meeting the EHS plan meant for the project will be disclosed and discussed for effective implementation.
The clients representative may also present in the meeting wherever possible .The points discussed should be recorded
and minutes will be distributed to all concerned.
In the kickoff meeting beside technical relevant information pay attention to the aspects of
Health, Safety and Environment in general

Safety Meeting:
Specific appointment e.g. Action points as result of consultation between safety technicalities related to
the project is discussed.
Weekly meeting shall be conducted by contractors for the entire work force with specific agenda under
observation from the Project Managers safety team.

PreJob Meeting :
The PreJob Meeting is meant for consultation before activities start.
At this meeting the prejob checklist shall be handed over and worked out with all persons involved.
This is to be conducted at once in week by respective EHS coordinators of contractors/Subcontractors.
These are meant for developing safety awareness and to remind the various safety measures and rules to be
followed by the working group.
Ensure active participation, interaction of workmen and encourage them to share their similar experiences
of other sites

Tool Box Meeting:


A toolbox meeting is a medium to inform executing employees.
The meetings will be organized by Contractors/Subcontractors at their respective work locations daily .
The meeting would be held with the concerned staff /workmen involved in the specific job.
In the meeting the safety measures and the procedures to be adopted would be conveyed to all concerned after
discussing/assessing associated risks prevailed in the work activity.
The meeting would be held on need basis and conducted by Site Engineer/Foremen/EHS coordinator as and
when changes of procedure/machinery and for new teams.
The records of Tool Boxes are to be maintained and a copy of the same is to be sent to Project- EHS
coordinator

Progress Meeting:

The progress meeting is meant for the daily / weekly consultation between the client and the
main contractor.
EHS part in this meeting, should be a fixed item on the agenda and following discussed.
Measures as a result of finding from risk analysis, which are related to interaction between
different disciplines.
Findings as a result of inspection observation on incident.
Explanation on procedures, instruction and special measures.

SAFETY COMMITTEE

As prescribed by the Building construction act, 1996


Site Safety Committees:(1) Every establishment wherein five hundred or more building workers are ordinarily
employed, there shall be a Safety Committee constituted by the employer which shall be
represented by equal number of representatives of employer and building workers
employed in such establishment. In no case the number of representatives of the employer
shall exceed the representatives of building workers.
(2) The Committee shall be represented by representatives of the recognized unions wherever
such unions wherever such unions exist.

The main functions of the Safety Committee shall be(a) To identify probable causes of accident and unsafe practices in
building or other construction work and to suggest remedial
measures;
(b) To stimulate interest of employer and building workers in safety by
organizing safety weeks, safety competition, talks and film shows on
safety, preparing posters or taking similar other measures as and when
required or as necessary;
(c) To go round the construction site with a view to check unsafe
practices and detect unsafe conditions and to recommend remedial
measures for their rectification including First Aid Medical and
Welfare Facilities;

(d) To look into the health hazards associated with handling different
types of explosive, chemicals and other construction material and to
suggest remedial measures including use of proper personal protective
equipment;
(e) To suggest measures for improving welfare amenities in the
construction site and other miscellaneous aspects of safety, health and
welfare in building or other construction work;
(f) To bring to the notice of the employer the hazards associated with use,
handling and maintenance of the equipment used during the course of
building and other construction work

The Safety Committee shall meet at regular intervals at least once in a


month and it shall be chaired by the senior person having overall control
over the affairs of the construction site.
The agenda and minutes of the meeting shall be circulated to all
concerned and it shall be in the language understood by majority of the
building workers and shall be produced to the Inspector on demand for
inspection.
The decisions and recommendations of the Safety Committee shall be
complied with by the employer within reasonable time limits.

Safety Officer:(1) In every establishment wherein five hundred or more building workers are
ordinarily employed, the employer shall appoint Safety Officers as per the
scale laid down in Schedule VIII annexed to these rules. Such safety officers
may be assisted by suitable and adequate staff.
(2) Duties, qualifications and the conditions of service of safety officers appointed
under sub-rule (1) shall be as provided in Schedule VIII annexed to these
rules.
(3) Wherever number of workers employed by single employer is less than five
hundred, such employers may form a group and appoint a common Safety
Officer for such group of employers with prior permission of Director
General.

ORGANIZATION CHART FOR SAFETY:

Safety committee reports shall be submitted to Project Controller in every project meeting.
A Project EHS committee will be constituted for the project to discuss, review and resolve all EHS
matters of the project.
The project Manger/In charge would be the Chairman of the committee and Project EHS coordinator
would be Secretary of the committee.
The Site In charges of contractors/Subcontractors and their safety coordinators would be the members of
committee.
The meeting would be held once in week/fortnight.
In the meeting all EHS issues would be discussed and resolved for necessary measures. The performance
and effectiveness of EH&S Plan would be reviewed for achieving desired level of performance.
The minutes of meeting would be circulated to all concerned and to Regional EHS Manager/Coordinator.

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