A Presentation

on

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
AND
KNOWLEDGE ANAGEMENT

OUTLINES
INTRODUCTION

OF AI
ABRIDGED HISTORY OF AI
NATURE OF THE AI
KNOWLEDGE-BASED SYSTEMS WITH AI
EXPERT SYSTEAMS
APPLICATION OF AI
THE FUTURE OF AI
CONCLUSION
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INTRODUCTION OF AI & KM
PRINCIPLE: BROAD SET OF SYSTEMS THAT

CAN REPLICATE HUMAN DECISION MAKING

FOR CERTAIN TYPE OF WELL DEFINED
PROBLEMS
AI TOOLS- SEVEN ,SENSOR
DUPLICATE FUNCTION
KM-SHAREING KNOWLEDGE & EXPERIENCES,
RECALL THE DATA,SET OF INFORMATION
ORGANIZED COLLECTION
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CONTINUE

THINK HUMANLY :
Internal activities
of the brain,
informationprocessing
psychology

THINK RATIONALLY
(LAW OFTHOUGHT):
Correct
arguments/thought
processes

ACT HUMANLY:
Doing the thing
right

ACT RATIONALLY:
Doing the right thing

Abridged history of AI
1950

Turing's "Computing Machinery and Intelligence"

1956

Dartmouth meeting: "Artificial Intelligence" adopt

196673

AI discovers computational complexity

Neural network research almost disappears

196979

Early development of knowledge-based systems

1980--

AI becomes an industry

1986--

Neural networks return to popularity

1987--

AI becomes a science

1995--

The emergence of intelligent agents

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NATURE OF ARTIFICIAL THE

INTELLIGENCE
Turing Test: ALAN Turing (1950) "Computing

machinery and intelligence":

"Can machines think?" "Can machines behave
intelligently?"
Operational test for intelligent behavior: the Imitation
Game

Ray Kurzewell: predicts computers will have human

like intelligence in 20 years and in 2045 might merge

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CONTINUE
Learn from experience and apply knowledge.
Handle complex situations.
Solves problems when important data is missing
Determine what is important.
React quickly and correctly to a new situation.
Understanding visual images
Processes manipulate symbols.
Be creative and imaginative.
Use Heuristics.
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COMPARISION B/W NATURAL &

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

ABILITY
NATURAL INTELLIGENCE
INTELLIGENCE
LOW

HUMAN
HIGH

ARTIFICIAL

LOW

USE SENSORS

YES

YES

CREATIVE

YES

YES

LEARN
EXPERIENCE

YES

YES

ADAPTIVE

YES

YES

COST
ACQURING

YES

YES

USE VARIETY

YES

YES

MACHINE
HIGH

COMPLEX

YES

YES

TRANSFER
INFORMATION

YES

YES
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EXPERT SYSTEM
Expert System (ES):It is a branch of Artificial Intelligence that
attempt to mimic human experts.
It was discovered that many problems were being solved by
chaining through rules (if-then statements) that would operate on a
collection of facts and partial conclusion
- Expert systems can either support decision makers or completely
replace them
- Expert systems provodes high potential pay off
- Develop the system more consistent then hunan experts.
- Provide expertise
- Develop a solution faster than human expert can.

EXPERT SYSTEMS
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 The Knowledge Base: The knowledge base is extension of a

database, information and decision support system, contains
domain knowledge which may be expressed as a combination of
IFTHEN' rules, factual statements, frames, objects, procedures,
and cases. It must be developed for each unique application.
Assembling human experts, using fuzzy logic

DATABASE
FACTS
RAW

INFORMATION &
DECISION
SUPPORT
SYSTEAM

KNOWLEDGE
BASE PATTERN
&
RELATIONSHIP

INCREASING UNDERSTING
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 The Inference Engine: Inference Engine is a brain of expert

system. It uses the control structure (rule interpreter) and provides
methodology for reasoning. It acts as an interpreter which analyzes
and processes the rules. Its purpose to seek information &
relationship from the knowledge base & to provide answers,
predictions & suggestions the way of human experts
-It delivers the expert advice.
-Two approaches are used
Backward chainingSupport
/yes
CONCLUSIONS
FACTS
Otherwise/n
o
Forward chainingFACTS
CONCLUSIONS
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The Explanation Facility: which allows a user or decision

maker to understand how the expert system arrived at certain
conclusions or results. It is a subsystem that explains the
system's actions. Traces responsibility for conclusions

Knowledge Acquisition Facilities: Knowledge acquisition is

the accumulation, transfer and transformation of problem-solving
expertise from experts. It is a subsystem which helps experts to
build knowledge bases. For knowledge acquisition, techniques used
are protocol analysis, interviews, and observation.
Traditional programming languages difficult & time consuming
specialized software allows user-to modify there own knowledge
base
THE
KNOWLEDGE
BASE

KNOWLEDGE
ACQUISITION
FACILITIES

EXPERTS
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User interface: It is a means of communication with the

user.
It provides facilities such as menus, graphical interface etc. to make
the dialog user friendly.

Expert system development:

Expert system

Domain
Expert

Knowledge
Engineer

Knowledge
User
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The Domain expert: It has special knowledge, judgments,

experience and methods to give advice and solve problems. It

provides knowledge about task performance.
Knowledge engineer: It is involved in the development of the
inference engine, structure of the knowledge base and user
interface.
The Knowledge user: gets knowledge from ES

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AI used in everywhere today, without it, impossible to

getting a better future
AI as engineering, Science, R obotics, vision system,
learning system, neural networks
Transport, Exploration (oceans, space, deserts etc.)
Mining (dangerous environments)
Civil Defenses (search and rescue)
Security/Surveillance (patrol, observation)
Domestic Services (cleaning etc.)
Entertainment (robotic toys etc.) ex.-ER1
War Machines

APPLICATION OF AI

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CONCLUSION
AI and knowledge management, I intended to show how
much the techniques of AI are able to help in this task. There
are needs of information in the economic world. The
purpose of expert system is not to replace human experts,
but to make their knowledge and experience more widely
available and permit non-experts to work better. For the
success of the expert system proper management of expert
system, development is required. Intelligence comes with
boon and curse so I want to say that some restrictions should
be there otherwise we will have to pay for this.

17

Thank you

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