MANGLA DAM

Students Name
Supervisor Name

Re No.

Group Members

Muhammad Fayyaz Akbar

Muhammad Hassan
Rana Yasir Ali Khan
Arslan Ahsan

sp12-BSME-010
sp12-BSME-053
sp12-BSME-060
sp12-BSME-060

Introduction
3

Pakistan is one of the worlds most arid countries,

with an average rainfall of under 240 mm a year. The
population and the economy are heavily dependent
on an annual influx into the Indus river system
(including the Indus, Jhelum, Chenab Ravi, Beas and
Sutlej rivers) of about 180 billion cubic meters of
water, that emanates from the neighboring countries
and is mostly derived from snow-melt in the
Himalayas.

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Introduction
4

> The balance between population and available

water already makes Pakistan one of the most
water stressed countries of the world.
> with rapid population growth it will soon
enter a condition of absolute water scarcity

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Water Resources of Pakistan

5

Rain fall

Glacier

Ground water

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Rain Fall
6

Pakistan lies in an arid and

semi arid climate zone
Sources of rainfall

Mean Annual rainfall

Monsoon
Western disturbances
Lower Indus Plain < 100 mm
Upper Indus Plain > 750 mm

Average seasonal rainfall

Kharif = 212 mm
Rabi = 53 mm

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Glacier
7

Catchment area of Indus basin contains some of the

largest glacier in the world outside the polar region.
Glacier area of upper Indus catchment is abut 2250
Km2 and accounts about 80% of summer runoff in river.
Kabul River originates from southern Hindukush and
starts rising approximately a month earlier than Indus
and fulfill the irrigation requirement of late Rabi and
early Kharif crops.
Snow melt account for more than 50% of the flow in
Jhelum River.

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Surface Water Account

8

Average annual volume of water from

rainfall and snow melt

154.00

From Western Rivers

144.91

From Eastern Rivers

9.14

Diversion for irrigation

Flow to see
System losses
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104.73
39.40
9.90

What is Dam?
9

A dam is a barrier that impounds water or

underground streams. Reservoirs created
by dams not only suppress floods but also
provide water for such activities as
irrigation, human consumption, industrial
use, aquaculture, and navigability.
Hydropower is often used in conjunction
with dams to generate electricity.
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Dam
10

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Mangla Dam
11

The Mangla Dam is a multipurpose dam

located on the Jhelum River in the Mirpur
District of Azad Kashmir, Pakistan. It is the
7th largest dam in the world. The project
was designed and supervised by Binnie &
Partners of London.

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Mangla Dam
12

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Background
13

As part of the Indus Waters Treaty signed in 1960,

India gained rights to the waters of the Ravi, Sutlej
and Beas rivers, while Pakistan, in addition to waters
of the above three rivers within Pakistan and some
monetary compensation, received the rights to
develop the Jhelum, Chenab and Indus river basins.
Until 1967, the entire irrigation system of Pakistan
was fully dependent on unregulated flows of the
Indus and its major tributaries.

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Background

The agricultural yield was very low for a number of

reasons, the most important being a lack of water
during critical growing periods. This problem
stemmed from the seasonal variations in the river
flow due to monsoons and the absence of storage
reservoirs to conserve the vast amounts of surplus
water during those periods of high river discharge.

Background

The Mangla Dam was the first of the two dams

constructed to reduce this shortcoming and
strengthen the irrigation system of the country as
part of the Indus Basin Project, the other being
Tarbela Dam on River Indus.

Reservoir

The dam was constructed between 1961 to

1967 across the Jhelum River, about 67 miles
(108 km) south-east of the Pakistani capital,
Islamabad in Mirpur District of Azad Kashmir,
Pakistan.

Reservoir

The Mangla Dam components include a

reservoir,
main
embankment,
intake
embankment, main spillway, emergency
spillway, intake structures, 5 tunnels and a
power station. Besides the main dam, a dyke
called Sukian 17,000 feet in length and a
small dam called Jari Dam to block the Jari
Nala about 11 miles beyond the new Mirpur
town had to be constructed.

Emergency Spillways

Power House
The power house, which consists of turbines,
generators and transformers. it is constructed
on Ground surface elevation of 865 feet.
The water to the power house is supplied
through five steel-lined tunnels of 30/26 feet
diameter.

Power House

There are ten vertical Francis type turbines in the

power house.
Each of these turbines has an output of 13,800 bhp
with a rated head of 295 feet of water.
The first four turbines were manufactured by
Mitsubishi Electric, Japan.
while the remaining two turbines are a make of
koda

Turbine Outflow streams

Power House

These turbines are connected to umbrella-type

generators which have a generation capacity of 100
MW.
These generators are in turn connected to threephase transformers.

Salient Features of Mangla Dam

Dam type
Height
Length
Lake Area
Catchment Area
Gross Storage Capacity
Live storage capacity
Main spillway capacity
Year of completion
Hydropower generation

Earth fill
380 ft (above riverbed)
10,300 feet
97.70 Sq. Miles
12,870 Sq. Miles
5.88 MAF
5.34 MAF
1.01 Million Cusecs
1967
1000 MW

Displacements And Resettlement

The Government of Pakistan had agreed to

pay royalties to the Government of AJK .

Over 280 villages and the towns of Mirpur

and Dadyal were submerged and over 110,000
people were displaced from the area as a result
of the dam being built.

Displacements And Resettlement

Some of those affected by the dam were given

work permits for Britain by the Government of
Pakistan.
There are 747,000 Mirpuris in the United
Kingdom.
The British Mirpuri community forms about 70%
of the British Pakistani community.
The percentage is even higher in northern cities and
towns.

Displacements And Resettlement

For example, in Bradford, an industrial town

in north-west England, it is estimated that
roughly three quarters of the population are
from Mirpur.

Mangla Dam Raising Project

Mangla reservoir had an initial reservoir capacity

of 5.88 Million Acre-feet (MAF), which reduced to
4.674 MAF in 2005 due to the sedimentation.

The Raising Project Started in 2004.

This project effectively raised the dam height by 30

feet to 482 feet

Mangla Dam Raising Project

it is expected that after raising the height of the

Mangla Dam by 30 feet, the power house will
generate 12 percent additional energy per year
which will increase its installed capacity from
1,000 MW to 1,120 MW.

Mangla Dam Raising Project

The Mangla Dam Raising Project, however, has

affected more than 40,000 people livings.
The total cost of compensation and resettlement
was Rs. 70 billion.
The resettlement project includes the construction
of New Mirpur City, four satellite towns.

Mangla Dam Raising Project

Bridge For Resettlement

Bridge on Jehlum River(Rasing Mangla)

Mangla Power House Expansion

In November 2012, United States announced a

grant of $150 million for the expansion of the
Mangla Dam power house.

Under the project, $400 million would be spent on

the Mangla Dam power house which is estimated to
provide additional production for the next 40 years.

Mangla Power House Expansion

The project, when complete, will increase the

power generation capacity of the Mangla Dam to
1,310 MW from the existing 1000 MW capacity