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TERMINOLOGY
EXCAVATION means to loosen and .take out materials leaving space
above or below ground. It is the process of moving earth, rock or other
materials with tools, equipment or explosives. It includes earthwork,
trenching, wall shafts, tunneling and underground.
METHODS
SLOPE EXCAVATION
PILE WALLS (CONTIGUOUS AND SECANT)
DIAPHRAGM WALL
TOP-DOWN CONSTRUCTION
BOTTOM-UP CONSTRUCTION
CUT AND COVER TECHNIQUE
NEED OF DEEP EXCAVATION o Deep excavation has become more a necessity of better
utilization of space as the population of the world
increased.
PILE
WALLS
( CONTIGUOUS
AND SECANT)
In-situ pile retaining walls are very popular due to their availability and
practicability. There are two types of pile walls :-
D
S<D
In this technique
primary piles (PCC)
are installed first
with secondary piles
(RCC) constructed in
b/w primary piles
when it gained some
strength as shown.
DIAPHRAGM WALL
CONSTRUCTION SEQUENCE
CLAMSHELL USE TO
EXCAVATE THE TRENCH
TO FORM A DIAPHRAGM
WALL PANEL
BENTONITE SLURRY TO
PROTECT THE TRENCH
FROM COLLAPSE
Top Down Construction are commonly used in congested areas. These can be
installed in close proximity to existing structure with minimal loss of support to
existing foundations.
Top Down Construction are practically suited in the construction of deep basements ,
Metro Railway Projects.
The Top Down method of construction is designated to enable above ground
construction work to be carried out simultaneously with the excavation of the
basement resulting in significant saving of time on a project.
ADVANTAGES
WHY IS IT
REQUIRED?
Distance between Boundary wall of Adjacent Existing Building and Building Line
for New Building is too close and the depth of excavation is more than 6 meter and
possibility of collapse the soil is higher during excavation.
Using Top Down Construction more Building and Basement Area can use. Suitable
for two or more basement.
The first base slab level slab will act in such area as a strut member and the
Retaining wall panels will not allow collapse of soil.
Water table is too high and difficult to cast Retaining wall, Diaphragm wall or
Continuous Pile can use as a Retaining wall.
BOTTOM
UP
CONSTRUCTION