Affiliated to RGPV ESTD-1998

MINOR PROJECT

Presentation
On
Fastest finger first indicator

Department of Electronics & Communication

Submitted to:
Mr. Sankalp Rajora
Mrs. Prerna Pradhan

Submitted by:
Akshay chawan
Rajesh kumar

INTRODUCTION
Now a days quiz-type game shows are
increasingly becoming popular on television. In
such quiz games , fastest finger first indicators
(FFFIs) are used to test the contestants reaction
time. The players designated number is
displayed with an audio alarm when the player
presses his entry button.

OBJECTIVE
The fastest finger first circuit presented here
determines as to which of the four contestants
first pressed the button and locks out the
remaining three entries of other three
members. Simultaneously, an audio alarm
(buzzer) and the correct decimal number
display of the corresponding contestant are
activated.

FASTEST FINGER FIRST

INDICATOR

COMPONENTS USED:
POWER SUPPLY
TRANSFORMER
BRIDGE RECTIFIER
CAPACITOR(100F)
IC 7805
NPN TRANSISTOR(BC547)
IC 74LS373
PIEZO BUZZER
SEVEN SEGMENT DISPLAY
SEVEN SEGMENT DRIVER(4511N)
DIODES
RESISTORS
LEDs
PUSH-TO-ON SWITCHES

POWER SUPPLY

converts

unregulated AC into a constant DC supply.

supply a stable voltage.
provides 5v dc supply to the circuit.
ic 7805 converts 12v DC into 5v DC supply.

TRANSFORMER
brings down 230V ac supply voltage to 12V.
used to step down the voltage.
provides isolation between the power mains and the
circuit power for safety reasons.

BRIDGE RECTIFIER
convert the ac voltage (wave) into DC voltage.
located near the ac supply area.

TRANSISTOR
here we use two transistors one for buzzer and another one for latch
enable pin of IC.
we use two BC547 transistors.
For switching applications, transistor is biased so that it remains fully
on if there is a signal at its base. In the absence of base signal, it
gets completely off.

IC 74LS373
transparent latch consists of a eight latches with three state
outputs for bus organized systems applications.
20 pin IC comprises of eight input data lines (D0-D7) and
eight output lines (O0-O7).

The OE pin was meant for Output enable and LE pin for
Latch enable.And the rest two pins VCC for power supply
and GND for Ground.
Transfer the logic state at data input pins D0 through D7 to
the corresponding Q0 through Q7 outputs.

PIEZO
BUZZER
A Piezo buzzer is a Piezoelectric speaker and is used to convert electrical
signals into sound just like a speaker.
An audio signalling device.
The most common sizes for Sound Level are 80 dB, 85 dB, 90 dB and 95 dB.

SEVEN SEGMENT DISPLAY

electronicdisplay devicefor displayingdecimal numerals
A seven-segment display is a set of seven bar-shapedLED(light-emitting
diode)
It can display single-digit numeral from 0 to 9, as well as most uppercase
and lowercase letters of the English alphabet.
commonly used in digital clocks, clock radios, timers, wristwatches, and
calculators.

SEVEN SEGMENT DRIVER

provide the necessary current drive in order to drive the LED seven segment display.
consists of an array (8 nos ) transistor or FET based switches.
decode a 4 line BCD ( binary coded decimal) to 8 line seven segment format and can
drive the display using this information.
For example if the input BCD code is 0001, the display output will be 1 , for 0010 the
display output will be 2 and so on.

CAPACITORS
The capacitor C1 used in the power supply first filter
the
rectifier output. Which opposes the AC signal to flow through or
appear at the output terminal.
The second one C2 bypasses the ripples present in the
regulated output.

LED & RESISTORS

two-leadsemiconductorlight source.
It is apn junctiondiode, which emits light when
activated
release energy in the form ofphotons.

330 Current limiting resister for LEDs and 1k resistor for

transistors are used.
56k resistor is used to prevent form short circuit.
10k Pull down resisters are used in the circuit.
When the switch is open, the pull down resisters keep the input
pins of the latch at low state.
when the switch is closed, the latch input is at a logical high
value, but when the switch is open, the pull-down resistor pulls
the input voltage down to ground (logical zero value), preventing
an undefined state at the input.

WORKING
The regulated 5v power supply is derived from AC mains. The 230V AC
mains is stepped down to 12V AC by transformer, rectified by bridge rectifier
, filtered by C1 and regulated by regulator IC 7805. Capacitor C2 bypasses
ripples in the regulator output.
As soon as a contestant momentarily presses his respective switch, the
corresponding output data pin goes high.
This activates the corresponding LED and it glows.
At the same time, the piezobuzzer sounds as transistor T1 conducts.
Simultaneously, the base of transistor T2 becomes high to make it conduct.
Latch-enable (LE) pin 11 of IC 74ls373 is tied to ground to latch all the Q0
through Q7 outputs. This restricts further change in the output state due to
any change in the state of switches S1 through S8 by any other contestant.
Only one of the four LEDs glows with seven segment display that is diplaying
the corresponding contestant number until the circuit is reset by on/off
switch.

Circuit diagram

SEVEN SEGMENT CIRCUIT

BLOCK DIAGRAM

L
A
T
C
H

PUSH TO
ON
SWITCH

RESET
SWITCH

STEP DOWN
TRANSFORMER

RECTIFIER

FILTER

DRIVER

SEVEN
SEGMENT
DISPLAY

CONTESTANT INDICATOR
LED

BUZZER

REGULATOR

POWER SUPPLY
TO ALL
SECTIONS

ADVANTAGES
Handy device.
Low power consumption.
More accurate .
Easy to use.
Visual interface adds its advantages .

DISADVANTAGES
Input is limited to
eight

FUTURE SCOPE
instead of seven segment display LCD
screen can be used.

APPLICATIONS
in college level quiz competetion , it
can be used as it is economical.
In quiz game shows such as KBC.