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- AKUT BEDAH
- KRONIK GASTROENTEROLOGI
Inflammation
appendicitis
diverticulitis
colitis
By stretching or distention of an organ
Obstruction of the intestine
Blockage of a bile duct by gallstones
Swelling of the liver with hepatitis
By loss of the supply of blood to an organ
Ischemic colitis
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
Due either to abnormal contractions of the
intestinal muscles (e.g., spasm) or abnormally
sensitive nerves within the intestines that
give rise to painful sensations inappropriately
(visceral hyper-sensitivity).
68% FUNGSIONAL
47% IBS
32% ORGANIK
21% DNT
- 16% TUKAK DUODENI
- 6% TUKAK LAMBUNG
- 5% BATU KAND EMPEDU
- 4% KEGANASAN
- 1% CARDIAC
JARANG :
GINJAL, MUSKULOSKLETAL, HATI
DIAGNOSA
ANAMNESE
1. LOKASI & RADIASI
* LOKASI PAIN SUMBER
-
2. KARAKTER SAKIT
* NYERI TUKAK :
- PERIH
- RASA TERBAKAR
- TIDAK ENAK DIPERUT
* DEPRESI : SAKIT ANEH.
3. KEPARAHAN
RINGAN DISCOMFORT
DISPEPSIA TUKAK : BERAT
BILIER & IRRITABLE COLON (IBS) : LEBIH
BERAT.
4.
TUKAK MENIT
PENYAKIT FUNGSIONAL
SEPANJANG HARI
GEJALA - GEJALA
GEJALA GEJALA YANG BERHUBUNGAN :
- DISFAGI & ODENOFAGI LESI DI
ESOFAGUS & KARDIA
- ANOREKSIA GANGGUAN FUNGSIONAL
- BB
KEGANASAN ATAU TL
MANNING KRITERIA
- NYERI
SETELAH BAB
- FREKUENSI BAB
- KONSISTENSI CAIR
- MUCUS (+)
- BAB TIDAK PUAS
- ABDOMINAL DISTENSI
PEMERIKSAAN FISIK
- PUCAT, IKTERUS, BB
- MASSA DI ABDOMEN, HATI MEMBESAR
& KERAS KEGANASAN.
- HEPATOMEGALI, TIDAK KERAS,
EDEMA, JVP naik GAGAL JANTUNG
KANAN.
4 Quadrants
9 Region
PEMERIKSAAN / INVESTIGATION
- BARIUM MEAL / ENDOSCOPY
PENYAKIT GASTRODUODENAL.
- ULTRASONOGRAFI.
TRACTUS BILIARIS & HATI
(GB STONE, IBD DILATASI).
- PENGISIAN UDARA PADA COLON.
IRITASI PADA COLON
- COMPUTERISE TOMOGRAPHY LEBIH
BAIK DARI USG.
ENDOSCOPIC RETROGRADE CHOLANGIO
PANCREATOGRAPHY BATU PD CBD,
KELAINAN PANKREAS.
(CHEST PAIN)
30% NCCP
PROGNOSE BAIK
60 % ESOFAGUS
GERD
DISFUNGSI
MOTILITAS ESOF
* NCCP :
- EKG dan TREADMILL. N
- CATETERISASI ARTERI CORONARY. N
* PENYEBAB NCCP
- MEDIASTINUM
:
TUMOR, EMPHYSEMA
- NEURAL / MUSKULOSKLETAL :
COSTOCHONDRITIS, GANGGUAN SPINAL
CERVIKAL & TORAKAL, PENEKANAN SYARAF.
- ESOFAGEAL : GERD, GANGGUAN
MOTILITAS DAN IRITASI ESOFAGUS.
- PULMONAL : PNEUMOTORAK, PLEURISY, EMBOLI
PARU.
* KELAINAN ESOFAGUS :
- NON EXERTION
- BERJAM JAM
- MENJALAR EPIGASTRIK
- BERHUBUNGAN MAKAN
- KELUHAN MAKAN
- PD NORMAL.
RINGAN, TRANSIENT
UMUR MUDA
ALARM (-)
SANGAT PARAH
AKUT ABDOMENT
UMUR > 45
PDRHAN, BB
(-)
ANTASIDA + ARH2/PPI
EMPIRIS
SEMBUH
(+)
OPERASI (BEDAH)
TDK SEMBUH
PERIKSA
DISPEPSIA
BA-MEAL
GASTROSKOPI
USG
(-)
TUKAK PEPTIK
KOLIK EMPEDU
- DNT
- IBS
(-)
BATU KE
PANKREAS, HATI
OPERASI
ERADIKASI
TH/
SIMTOMATIK
TERAPI
PSIKOSOMATIK
Endoscopic oesophagitis
No oesophagitis
Symptomatics
uncontrolled or
oesophagitis not healed
Proton pump inhibitors
Symptoms uncotrolled or
oesophagitis not healed
Consider maintenance
therapy
Oesophageal tests,
e.g. Bernstein test pH
monitoring.
Consider surgery
Symptoms
uncontrolled
Symptoms
controlled
Oesophagealtests
e.g. Bernstein test,
pH monitoring
No further
action
Gastrooesophageal reflux
confirmed
Negative :
consider
psychological
testing etc.
PENYEBAB KHUSUS
NYERI PERUT ATAS
* KOLELITIASIS.
- NYERI BILIER AKIBAT KOLESISTITIS
AKUT, ATAU KOLIK BILIER YANG
BERAT MENJALAR KE PUNGGUNG.
- GEJALA DISPEPSIA BATU KAND
EMPEDU ASIMPTOMATIK.
* CA-GASTER
- TH/ BEDAH, BILA STADIUM DINI.
- CA. GASTER LANJUT (ADVANCED)
PROG NOSE JELEK, 5 YEAR SURVIVAL
RATE : 30%
* IBS
NYERI ABDOMEN & PERUBAHAN BAB
- NYERI DIFFUS, KADANG-KADANG NYERI
PERUT ATAS HAMPIR SAMA DENGAN
TUKAK PEPTIK.
- ANAMNESE KRITERIA MANNING.
- PD : T.A.K
- PEMERIKSAAN PENUNJANG :
* BA. MEAL * ENDOSKOPI
* USG
* FESES.
* DARAH RUTIN
* PENYAKIT PANKREAS
PENYAKIT PANKREAS
- PANKREATITIS & CA. PANKREAS
- PANKREATITIS AKUT PEM. AMILASE DARAH
RUTIN.
- PANKREATITIS KRONIK :
* STEATORRHOEA
* BB
* GLUKOSA INTOLERANS
- PLAIN ABDOMINAL FOTO KALSIFIKASI
- KELAINAN DUCTUS ENDOSCOPIC
PANCREATOGRAPHY.
Cardiac pain
Cardiac treatment
Endoscopy/ upper abdominal ultrasound
No organic
disorders
Structual abnormalities
e.g, peptic ulcer
galistones
reflux oesophagitis
Trial of therapy
with antacids
No improvment
Improvment
Irritable
oesophagus
Negative :
considers other possibilities.
e.g. psychological testing etc