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Chapter 6 Bending
1. Shear and moment diagram
2. Graphic method
3. Bending deformation
4. Flexure formula
5. Unsymmetric bending
Sign Convention
Shear ~ positive direction is
denoted by an internal force
that causes a clockwise rotation
on which it acts.
Moment ~ positive direction is
denoted by and internal
moment that causes a
compression or pushing on the
upper part of the member
4
Example 6.1
Fy 0
M
P
2
P
M x
2
V
Example 6.1
Internal shear force and moment: the
left segment including region BC
MA 0
V PP/20
M Vx P
L
0
2
V P / 2
P
M L x
2
Example 6.2
Support reaction forces:
M
M
0 FC L M 0 0
0 FA L M 0 0
M0
L
M0
FA
L
FC
0
M
x0
Fy 0
M0
L
M
M 0 x
L
Example 6.2
Shear and moment in region BC:
M0
V 0
L
M0
M
0
M
x M0 0
Fy 0
M0
V
L
x
M M0 1
L
Problem 6-12
6 kip ?
M 0
F 0
A
6* 4 F B *6 0
6 FB FA 0
FB 4kip
FA 10kip
Support reaction forces: BC
8 FB FC 0
FC 4kip
10
Problem 6-12
Free-body diagram:
Shear and moment functions:
6kip
V
M
V 6kip
M 6 x kip.ft
dM
V
dx
11
Example 6.5
FA
FC
M
M
FC 42kip
FA 30kip
x x2 x
M 2 x * * 30* x 0
2 9 3
3
x
M 30 x x 2
27
12
EXAMPLE: Differences
AER 520
Chapter 6 Bending
6.2 Graphical Method for
shear and moment diagrams
14
F 0 V V w x x V 0
M 0 M M w x x k x
y
M V x 0
V w x x
M V x w x k x
dV
w x
dx
slope of = -distributed
the shear load intensity
dM
V
dx
slope of = the shear
the moment
15
V F
V V F V 0
Same direction of F
M M M M 0 0
M M 0
same sign of M 0
16
17
V F
moment diagram:
dM / dx V
or
M V ( x )dx
M M 0
18
Example 6.9
Support reaction forces:
FO w0 L
0 FO w0 L 0
M 0 M O w0 L
L
0
2
w0 L2
MO
2
Shear diagram:
FO w0 L; Fe 0
dV / dx w0
Moment diagram:
w0 L2
MO
; Me 0
2
M Vdx
V is positive and decrease to zero;
shear diagram: a straight line
moment diagram: parabolic
19
Problem 6-4
Support reaction forces:
FA FB 4kip
A
Shear diagram:
V (0) 4; V (20) 4
dV / dx 0
M (20) 0
M V ( x )dx
20
Example 6.11
Support reaction forces:
M
M
E
O
0 FO * 45 2* 45 / 2* 45 / 3 0
FO 15
0 FE * 45 2* 45 / 2* 2* 45 / 3 0 FE 30
Shear diagram:
FO 15;
FE 30
dV / dx w0
V: slope from 0 to 2
To find the cross point where V=0
1
15
2
x
2 45
x0
x 26.0 ft
21
Example 6.11
Moment diagram:
M O 0;
ME 0
dM / dx V
x=0, slope=15;
x=45, slope=-30
The maximum M is at x=26 (V=0)
M max 15* 26
1 26
26
2
26
260
2 45
3
M Vdx
22
Example 6.13
Support reaction forces:
FA 8 6 2*6*
2
2*
4*
2
/10 4.4kip
1
6
Shear diagram:
VA 4.4; VD 0;
B: downward jump 8kip (FA)
BC: further downward at a slope -w
C: upward jump 17.6kip (FC)
23
Example 6.13
Moment diagram:
M A 0;
MD 0
M V ( x )dx
dM
V
dx
parabolic
MC
parabolic
24
Problem 6-24
Support reaction forces:
FA 2*8*5 /10 8kip
w
4kip/ft upward
B
2
Shear diagram:
VA 8;
VB 0;
dV / dx w
Moment diagram:
M A 0;
M B 0;
dM / dx V
or
V ( x )dx
25
Problem 6-24
Support reaction forces:
FA 2*8*5 /10 8kip
w
4kip/ft upward
B
2
Shear diagram:
VA 8;
VB 0;
dV / dx w
Moment diagram:
M A 0;
M B 0;
dM / dx V
or
V ( x )dx
26
Homogeneous material
Symmetric cross-section
Bending Deformation
Neutral surface
Compress
Stretch
29
lim
s 0
30
Maximum Strain
max
max
y
max
c
31
y
max
c
Applying Hookes Law
=E
y
max
c
From the
force
equilibrium:
F 0
ydA 0
x
33
dA 0
A
y
max
c
ydA 0
A
M
M
M
ydF
y dA
A
max
c
y
A
y
max dA
c
dA
34
Flexure Formula
max
Mc
I
I
My
I
2
dA
T
J
35
Moment of Inertia y 2 dA
Polar Moment of Inertia 2 dA
36
I x I x ' Ad
2
y
I y I y ' Ad
2
x
y y
dx
(m 4)
dy
37
y 2 dA
I xb I x ' Ad 2 y
h
2
h
2
y 2 bdy
h
2
bh 3
12
y 2 dA
1
by 3
3
3
1
by 3
3
I xb
h
2
y 2 bdy
h
0
bh 3
bh
h
bh
12
2
bh 3
38
Composite Shapes
I x ( I x Ad y )
2
I x ( I x ' Ad y2 )
0.25 6
1
3
2[
6 0.25
12
12
3
0.25* 6 3.125 ]
2
39
Example 6.15
Internal moment:
I x ( I x ' Ad 2 y )
3
2
1
0.25 0.02 0.25 0.02 0.16
12
1
3
0.02 0.3
12
Bending stress:
3
22.5
10
*0.17
Mc
max
12.7MPa
6
I
301.3 10
D max 12.7MPa
yB
0.15
B max
12.7 11.2MPa
c
0.17
40
Example 6.16
y A
A
i
0.25 * 0.02
2 * 0.2 * 0.015
0.05909m
Section property:
I x ( I x ' Ad 2 y )
3
2
1
3
2
1
2
0.015 0.2 0.015 0.2 0.04091
12
42.26 10 6 m 4
max
Mc
16.2MPa ?
41
y
A
i
0.0175m
Section property:
I x ( I x ' Ad y2 )
0.3633 106 m 4
Bending stress:
My
I
42
Flexure Formula
1. Internal moment
reaction support force
shear force
moment diagram
2. Section property
neutral axis
parallel axis theorem
3. Bending stress
coordinate of the position
43
AER 520
Stress Analysis
6.5 Unsymmetric bending
44
Symmetric cross-section
45
Unsymmetric Bending
Principal axes: y and z
The moments of inertia are the maximum
or minimum; see A.4 for detail
Moment applied to the principal axis:
Y axis:
Z axis:
Mz
Iy
My
Iz
46
Unsymmetric Bending
Moment arbitrarily applied:
1. Moment divided to two
moments:
M z M cos
M y M sin
2. Normal stress calculation:
Mz y M yz
Iz
Iy
3. Orientation of the neutral axis NA:
Mz y M yz
0
Iz
Iy
I
y
z tan tan
z
Iy
47
Example 6.18
1. Moment divided to two moments
3
7.2kNM
5
4
12 * 9.6kNM
5
M z 12 *
My
2. Section properties:
1
3
Iz
0.2 0.4 1.067 10 3 m 4
12
Z axis is the NA
1
3
Iy
0.4 0.2 0.2667 10 3 m 4
12
3. Bending stress:
M yz
Mzy
Iz
Iy
1.067 10
1.067 10
y axis is the NA
2.25MPa
4.95MPa
48
Example 6.18
D 2.25MPa
E 4.95MPa
4. Orientation of neutral axis:
tan
Iz
tan
Iy
From +z toward +y
306.9; 53.1
79.4
49
36.6mm
2. Section properties:
3. Bending stress:
Myz
Mz y
Iz
Iy
4.38MPa
3
6
0.18869 10
16.3374 10
400 0.2
0.18869 10
692.82 0.0366
16.3374 10
1.13MPa
50
Example 6.19
1. Internal moment components:
M z 15 cos 60 7.5kN gM
M y 15 sin 60 12.99kN gM
2. Section properties:
zA 0.05 0.1 0.04 0.115 0.03 0.2
1
1
3
3
0.1 0.04
0.03 0.2
12
12
Z axis is the NA
20.53 10 6 m 4
Iz
1
3
2
0.04 0.1 0.04 0.1 0.89 0.5
12
1
3
2
Iy
51
Example 6.19
3. Bending stress:
Myz
Mz y
Iz
Iy
B
C
7.5 0.1
20.53 10 6
20.53 10
7.5 0.02
12.99 0.041
13.92 10
74.8MPa
12.99 0.089
13.92 10 6
90.4 MPa
52
M
M
0; M z 2 P cos 30 0
0; M y 2 P sin 30 0
M z 1.732 P
M y 1.0 P
2. Section properties:
3
1
0.01 0.2
12
Iy 2
1
3
2. Section properties:
1
3
3
1
Iz
0.2 0.17
0.19 0.15
12
12
28.4458 10 6 m 4
Iz
Iy
M z 1.732 P
M y 1.0 P
1.732 P 0.085
28.4458 10
1.0 P 0.1
13.3458 10 6
P 14208 N 14.2kN
54