For Manufacturing

and Metallurgy
Group

Industrial
Automation
PE- 5421
Prof. Charlton S. Inao
Defence University

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Pneumatic System

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Component parts of
Pneumatic System

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Circuit Diagram of Pneumatic

Elements

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Pneumatic Air Receiver

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Air Supply System

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Pneumatic Service Units

(Filter, Regulator,Lubricator)

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DIRECTIONA
L
CONTROL
VALVES
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Directional Control
Valves

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Logic AND function

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Logic AND Application

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Logic OR Valve

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Or Valve Application

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Pneumatic Valves

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Methods of Actuation

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Week 3

Pressure Control
Valves
Flow Control Valves
Cylinders
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Flow Control Valve

Restrictor
Valve

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Flow Control Valve

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Meter In Circuit

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Meter Out circuit

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Cylinders
Single Acting Cylinders
Double Acting Cylinders
Rodless Cylinders
Ram Cylinders
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Single Acting Cylinder

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Double Acting Cylinder

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Rodless Cylinder

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Used in Robotics, hi speed

manufacturing, semi
conductor assembly and
manufacturing and
proportional pneumatics

Ram Cylinder

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Rotary Actuators

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Rotary Actuators
Pneumatic motors- Torque motors
Hydraulic motors- winch, cement
mixer

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Rotary Actuator

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Torque Motor(Turbine Flow Motors)

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Mono Directional
Single Direction or Rotation Actuator

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Bi -Directional
Double or Reversible Rotary
Actuators

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Pneumatic Gear Motor

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Pneumatic Sliding Vane

Motor

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Rotary Actuators-Vane Type

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Pneumatic Vane Motors

Pneumatic Piston Motor

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Axial piston In Line with Swash Plate

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Axial Piston (Bent Type)

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Process Control Valves

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Diaphragm operated control

valve

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Formula for Process Control

Valves
Change in the flow rate=k(change in
stem displacement)
Q/Qmax=S/Smax
Q/Q=k S
Q/Qmin=(Qmax/Qmin)(S-Smin)/(Smax-Smin)
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Where
k=constant
Q=is the flow rate at a valve
displacement S
Qmax=the maximum flow rate at the
maximum displacement Smax
Q/Qmax=S/Smax
Therefore the percentage change in
the flowrate equals the percentage
change in the stem displacement.
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Sample Problem
An actuator has a stem movement which at
full travel is 40 mm. It is mounted on a
process control valve with an equal
percentage plug and which has a mimimum
flow rate of 0.2 m3/s and a maximum flow rate
of 4 m3/s. What will be the flow rate when the
stem movement is a) 10 mm b) 20 mm.

Given:
Smax=40mm
Smin=0 mm
Qmin=0.2 m3/s
Qmax=4m3/s

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 Required: What will be the flow rate when

the stem movement is a) 10 mm b) 20 mm.
Solution A: Q/Qmin=(Qmax/Qmin)(S-Smin)/
(Smax-Smin)

Q/0.2=(4/0.2) (10/40)
Answer a) 0.423 m3/sec
Solution B
Q/0.2=(4/0.2) (20/40)
Answer b) 0.89 m3/sec

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Flow Coefficients and Valve

Sizes

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Control Valve
Sizing Formula
Q=Av P/
Where
Av= valve flow coefficient
P = the pressure drop across the valve
=density of the fluid

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Sample problems-Control
Valve
Determine the valve size that is required to
control the flow of water when the minimum
required flow is 0.012 m3/s and the permissible
pressure drop across the valve at this flow rate is
300 kPa.
Using the equation:
Q=Av P/
Av=0.0121000kg/m3/300x103

Av=69.3 x10-5
Then using Table 5.1 Flow Coefficients and Valve Sizes, the valve
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size is 960 mm.

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Pneumatic Applications

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Package Transfer

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