FORCE AND LAWS OF MOTION

JINCY SEBASTIAN
NO.39
B Ed PHYSICAL SCIENCE

FORCE

BALANCED AND UNBALANCEL FORCE.

NEWTONS LAWS OF MOTION

FIRST LAW
SECOND LAW
THIRD LAW

FORCE
FORCE

may be defined as a push or a pull which changes or

tends to change the state of rest or uniform motion or direction of
motion of a body

A vector
For

quantity

example, the force exerted by the engine makes the trains to

move from its actual position of rest while the force exerted by
the breaks slows down moving train.

Effects Produced by a Force

It can change the speed of the object

It can change the direction of motion of the object

It

can change the shape of the object

Balanced and Unbalanced force

Consider
Two

a wooden block on a horizontal table

strings x and y are tied to the two opposite faces of the block

If

we apply a force by puling the string x the block begins to

move to the right

Similarly, if

we pull the string y the bock moves to the left

 But

if the block is pulled from both sides with equal force

the block will not move such forces are called balanced
force and do not change the state of rest or motion f an
object

Now

let us consider a situation in which two opposite force

of different magnitudes pull the bock it would begin to
move in the direction of greater force

Thus

the two force are not balanced this suggest that an

unbalanced force acting n an object brings it in motion

BALANCED FORCES
If the resultant of several force
acting on a body is zero the force
are said to be balanced
Balanced force are usually change
the shape of an object
Eg in a tug of war the rope does not
move in any direction if the two
teams pull the rope with equal
effort the exerted by the two teams
are equal and opposite and get
balanced

UNBALANCED FORCE
If the resultant of several force acting
on a body is not zero the force are said
to be un balanced
Unbalanced force produce a change in
the state of rest or uniform motion of a
body
Eg in a tug of war when one of the two
team pulls the rope with a larger force
it is able to pull the weaker team
towards it here the two force are not
balanced

Isaac Newton (1624-1727)

Isaac

newton was born in woolsthorpe near Grantham England

Regarded

as the most original and influent theorist in the world history of

science
Newton

formulated the well known laws of motion

ISSAC NEWTON
Isaac

Newton was born in

wools thorpe near Grantham
England

Regarded

as the most original

and influent theorist in the
world history of science

Newton

formulated the well

known laws of motion

He

worked on theories of light

and color.

First Law Of Motion

Statement; An

object remains in a state of rest or in uniform

motion in a straight line unless compelled to change that state
by an applied force.

The

tendency of undisturbed object to stay at rest or to keep

moving with the same velocity called Inertia.

certain

experiences that we come across while traveling in a

motor car can be explained on the basis of the Law Of Inertia.

When

a motorcar makes a sharp turn at a high speed we tend

to get thrown to one side, we tend to continue in our straight
line motion. when an unbalanced force is applied by the
engine to change the direction of motion f motor car we sip to
ne side of the seat due to the inertia of our body.

Second Law Of Motion

Statement;

this law states that the rate of change of momentum

of a body is directly proportional to the applied unbalanced
force and the change takes place in the direction of the force.

F ma
F: Force

m: mass

a: acceleration

Momentum
is the quantity of motion possessed by a body is
equal to the product f mass and velocity of the body.
P = mv
P: momentum m: mass

v: velocity

MATHEMATICAL REPRESENTATION OF
SECOND LAW OF MOTOIN
Suppose

an object f mass, m is moving along a straight line with

an initial velocity u. It is uniformly accelerated to velocity V in
time t by the application of a constant force F throughout the time
t.

Initial momentum of the object, P1= mu

Final momentum of the object, P2 = mv
Changes in momentum P2- P1
mv- mu
m (v-u)
The rate of change of momentum m (v-u)
t

 The

applied force,
F m (v-u)

t
F = km (v-u)
t
= ma

a = v-u
t

a= acceleration , rate of change of velocity

k is a constant, if

k=1

F = ma
Unit o force is or Newton (N)

The second law of motion is often seen in actin in our

everyday life .
While catching a fast moving cricket ball a fielder in the
ground gradually pulls his hands back ward with the moving
ball.

Third law of motion

Statement

; according to this law, to every action there is an equal

and opposite reaction.

When

one object exert a force(action) on another object, then the

second object also exert a force(reaction) on the first. These two
forces are always equal in magnitude but opposite in direction.

Third

law of motion shows that a single force can never exist.

The forces always exist in pairs.

The

two opposing forces are known as action and reaction.

Examples
A gun

recoil on firing

when

a gun is fired the exploding gases which come out

because of a chemical reaction , exert a forward force on the
bullet.

The

bullet exert equal and opposite reaction forces on the

gases. This result in the recoil of the gun.

When

a sailor jumps out of a rowing boat, the boat moves

backwards.

As

the sailor jumps forward he applies a backwards force

(action) on boat and the boat moves backwards due t force of
reaction.

THANK YOU