VIRUS PATOGENIK

Hishamuddin Bin Ahmad

Objektif Pembelajaran

1. Menyatakan klasifikasi virus

2. Senaraikan penyakit yang
disebabkan oleh infeksi virus
patogenik

Klasifikasi Virus
Baltimore classification
Baltimore classification (first defined in 1971)
is a classification system that places viruses
depending on a combination of their nucleic
acid (DNA or RNA), strandedness (singlestranded or double-stranded), Sense, and
method of replication.

DNA Viruses
Virus Family

Examples (common names)

Adenoviridae
Papillomaviridae
Parvoviridae

Human Adenovirus

Herpesviridae

Herpes simplex virus, varicella-zoster virus,

cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus

Poxviridae
Hepadnaviridae

Smallpox virus, vaccinia virus, Variola

Polyomaviridae

Polyoma virus; JC virus (progressive

multifocal leukoencephalopathy)

Human Papilloma Virus

Parvovirus B19

Hepatitis B virus

RNA Viruses
Virus Family

Examples (common names)

Reoviridae

Reovirus, Rotavirus

Picornaviridae

Enterovirus, Rhinovirus, Hepatitis A virus, Poliovirus,

Erbovirus, Coxsackie A & B virus

Caliciviridae
Togaviridae
Arenaviridae
Flaviviridae

Hepatitis E virus
Rubella virus
Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis virus

Orthomyxoviridae

Influenzavirus A, Influenzavirus B, Influenzavirus C

Paramyxoviridae
Bunyaviridae
Rhabdoviridae
Filoviridae
Coronaviridae
Astroviridae

Measles virus, Mumps virus, Nipah virus

Dengue virus, Hepatitis C virus, Yellow fever virus

California encephalitis virus, Hantavirus

Rabies virus
Ebola virus, Marburg virus
SARS coronavirus
Astrovirus

Penyakit Yang
Disebabkan Oleh
Infeksi Virus
Patogenik

Penyakit Yang
Disebabkan Oleh
Infeksi Virus Patogenik
Jangkitan virus
Setiap satu virus mempunyai pengkhususan
untuk menyerang sel perumah yang spesifik.
Bakteria juga boleh di jangkiti virus. Virus yang
menyerang bakteria di panggil bakteriofaj
(bakteriophages).

Chicken Pox (Cacar

Air)
Agen: Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV)
Varicella (a vesicular eruption)
Virus terdapat di dalam vesicular

fluid

Chicken Pox (Cacar

Air)
Spread easily through coughs or

sneezes of ill individuals, or through

direct contact with secretions from the
rash.
Following primary infection there is

usually lifelong protective immunity

from further episodes of chickenpox.

Influenza
Agen: Influenza virus A, Influenza

virus B, Influenza virus C

Influenza
Agen: Influenza A (H1N1), subtype of

influenza A
Most common cause of influenza (flu) in
humans
Other strains of H1N1 are endemic in pigs
(swine influenza) and in birds (avian
influenza).

Influenza
KUALA LUMPUR, 11 Dis 2010 (Bernama), Di
peringkat global, Pertubuhan Kesihatan Sedunia
(WHO) melaporkan 622,482 kes influenza A (H1N1)
disahkan positif manakala 7,826 kematian dilaporkan
di seluruh dunia sehingga 22 Nov 2009. Di Malaysia,
jumlah kematian akibat Influenza A (H1N1) ialah 77
orang

Measles (Campak)
Agen: Rubeola virus, Morbilli virus
Highly infectious virus disease mainly infect

children
Jangkitan paru-paru (Pneumonia )
Jangkitan pada otak (encephalitis)
Kes yang serius boleh berakhir dengan kematian.
Bagi wanita hamil pula, boleh menyebabkan
keguguran atau kelahiran pramatang

Rubella
Agen: Rubella virus
Nama lain: German measles
Generally mild disease in

kids that can be prevented

with vaccination
Boleh menyebabkan
infertiliti pada lelaki

Mumps (Beguk)
Agen: Paramyxovirus
Mumps can also be spread by sharing

food, sharing drinks, and kissing

Herpes

Agen: Herpes Simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) and Herpes

Simplex virus 2 (HSV-2)

presenting as blisters containing infectious virus
particlesthat last 221 days
may affect the face and mouth (orofacial herpes),
genitalia (genital herpes), or hands (herpes whitlow).

Herpes

Acquired
Immunodeficiency
Syndrome (AIDS)
Agen: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
Punca:

Sexual contact

blood or blood product transfusion

needle sharing by drug users

transplantation of tissue or organ

Primary target for HIV infection is CD4+

T cell, monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells,

Acquired
Immunodeficiency
Syndrome (AIDS)

World HIV
infections

Hepatitis
Agen: Hepatitis virus
Hepatitis A virus Picornavirus
Hepatitis B virus - Hepadnavirus
Hepatitis C virus - Flavivirus
Hepatitis E virus Calicivirus

Polio

Agen: Poliovirus
Poliomyelitis, often called polio or

infantile paralysis
Viral infectious disease spread
from person to person, primarily via
the fecal-oral route.
Characterized by asymmetric
paralysis that most often involves
the legs.
infecting and destroying motor
neurons, leading to muscle
weakness and acute flaccid paralysis

Pengkhususan
Virus yang menyebab selsema hanya menyerang salur pernafasan, yang
menyebabkan campak hanya pada kulit, yang menyebabkan rabies
(daripada anjing gila) hanya pada sel saraf.
Penyakit AIDS di sebabkan oleh virus yang menyerang sejenis sel darah
putih sahaja yang mengawal rangsangan sistem imun badan. Atau stren yg
menyerang otak sahaja.
Namun hari ini , terdapat keadaan dimana virus boleh merentasi
pengkhususan perumah. Eg 1.penyakit selesema burung yg boleh
menjangkiti manusia (menyebabkan SARS) 2. BSE (perumah lembu)
menjangkiti manusia (penyakit CJD = lembu gila).